Ingabe ingane yakho encane inalezi zimpawu? - Ake sifunde ngama-Embryonic Tumors

Ingabe ingane yakho ivame ukuba nekhanda elibuhlungu? Noma ingabe uke waphawula noma yiziphi izinguquko ekukhuleni kwengane yakho encane? Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba okuvamile. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nokuthile ngemuva kwazo okudinga ukukhathazeka. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esingakhula ezinganeni ezinjalo, kodwa asikazwanga okuningi ngaso, futhi singaba sibi kakhulu. Lokho yizimila zombungu, noma `(Ama-Embryonal Tumors)`. Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngakho konke ngendlela elula.

Ziyini lezi zimila zombungu? Ake siqonde kahle?

Kalula nje, isimila sombungu siyisimila sobuchopho esikhula emaselini akhula ngokushesha. Lawa maseli avela kumaseli asele lapho umntwana esesibelethweni, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sesigaba sombungu. Lawa maseli ombungu, abizwa ngokuthi "amaseli e-embryonic," anomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula komzimba wengane. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngisho nangemva kokuzalwa kwengane, amanye ala maseli ombungu angahlala ebuchosheni. Yilawa maseli asele aqala ukukhula abe izimila zombungu.

Lezi zimila zithinta kakhulu izingane. Ezinye zinomdlavuza, okusho ukuthi zingaba yingozi (ziyingozi). Ezinye azinawo umdlavuza, okusho ukuthi zingaba yingozi (ziyingozi). Ngokuvamile, zikhula ebuchosheni. Ngezinye izikhathi zingakhula eduze komgogodla. Into eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi lezi zimila zingasakazeka ngoketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF), uketshezi lwamanzi oluzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla. Izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu zingasakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zibe yingozi empilweni.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi abize la mathumba e-embryonal noma ``ama-Embryoma.'' Esikhathini esidlule, lawa ayebizwa ngokuthi ``Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET)''.

Zikhona yini izinhlobo zomdlavuza we-embryonal? Ziyini?

Yebo, lezi zimila zombungu nazo zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lubizwa ngokuthi ``Medulloblastoma``. Lokhu kuvela engxenyeni ebizwa ngokuthi ``Cerebellum``. Okusho ukuthi, engxenyeni engemuva, engezansi yobuchopho bengane yakho.

Kunezinye izinhlobo zezimila zombungu ezingezona "iMedulloblastoma". Lezi yizi:

• `(Isimila se-teratoid/rhabdoid esingavamile - AT/RT)`: Lokhu kukhula futhi ku-cerebellum (emuva kobuchopho).
• `(Isimila se-embryonal esinezingqimba eziningi - ama-ETMR)`: Lokhu kuhlukaniswa ngokuthi `(C19MC-altered)` noma `(NOS - akucacisiwe ngenye indlela)`. Sikhula ku-`(Cerebrum)` (okungukuthi, ingxenye enkulu kakhulu phezulu nangaphambili kobuchopho) kanye nomgogodla.
• `(Medulloepithelioma)`: Lokhu kuvela ebuchosheni, emgogodleni, kanye nasezinhlungwini ezingaphandle komgogodleni. Lokhu kuyinkinga yomdlavuza ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu futhi enamandla. Ivame ukwenzeka ezinganeni ezincane kakhulu, futhi amathuba okululama aphansi.
• I-neuroblastoma yesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi: Lokhu kuvela ezingqimbeni zezicubu ezizungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla kanye nasezicutshini zemizwa ze-cerebellum.
• `(Isimila se-Cribriform neuroepithelial)`:Lokhu kwenzeka ezimbotsheni ezigcwele uketshezi (ama-ventricle) ngaphakathi kobuchopho.

Zivame kangakanani lezi zinhlansi? Ngubani onamathuba amaningi okuzithola?

Ngokwezibalo zase-US, lezi zimila zombungu zibanga cishe u-12% wazo zonke izimila zobuchopho ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-0 kuya kwengu-14. Phakathi kwazo, uhlobo esikhulume ngalo ngaphambili, i-``Medulloblastoma``, luvame kakhulu - okungukuthi, ngaphezu kuka-68% wazo zonke izimila zombungu. ``Izimila ze-teratoid/rhabdoid ezingavamile - i-AT/RT`` zibanga cishe u-17%.

Lezi zinhlungu zomdlavuza zivame kakhulu ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane. Nakuba zingase zenzeke kubantu abadala, azivamile. Isibonelo, uhlobo `(AT/RT)` luvame kakhulu kubafana abangaphansi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Uhlobo `(ETMRs)` luvame kakhulu emantombazaneni angaphansi kweminyaka emi-4 ubudala.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wengane? Hlola ukuthi ingane yakho inazo yini lezi zimpawu

Izimpawu zezimila zobuchopho zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ziya ngobudala bengane, uhlobo lwesimila, nokuthi sikuphi ebuchosheni. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezithile ezivamile ezingabonakala:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ekuseni.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele, ukhathele, futhi ulele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Ukukhubazeka kokubona (isib. ukubona okufiphele, ukubona okukabili).
• Ukuquleka.

Cabanga nje, ingane yakho encane ayigijimi futhi ayidlali njengoba yayivame ukwenza, ihlala ithi "Mama, ikhanda lami libuhlungu," futhi ngezinye izikhathi iyahlanza ngokushesha nje lapho ivuka ekuseni. Uma lezi zinto ziqhubeka, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.

Izimpawu ezilandelayo zingabonakala nasezinsaneni:

• Ikhanda liyakhula njengoba likhula.
• Izinguquko zokuziphatha (isib., ukukhala njalo, ukucasuka, ukungahlaliseki).
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi ngenkathi uhamba noma ugijima, njengokulahlekelwa ukuhambisana komzimba.
• Ukungadli kahle kuwuphawu lokungondleki kahle.
• Ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezinyathelo zokukhula ezifanele iminyaka (isib. ukungahlali, ukuma, noma ukukhuluma ngendlela efanele iminyaka).

Kungani lo mdlavuza wombungu uvela? Iyini imbangela?

Umdlavuza uvela lapho amangqamuzana ekhula futhi ehlukana ngendlela engavamile, ngaphezu kwalokho okufanele akwenze. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi abakaqiniseki ukuthi kungani la maseli asele e-embryonic ephenduka ngokuzumayo abe amathumba e-embryonic.

Ingabe zikhona izinto eziyingozi ezithinta ukukhula kwalo mdlavuza?

Yebo, ezinye izimo zofuzo zingandisa ingozi yengane yakho yokuthola uhlobo lomdlavuza wombungu obizwa ngokuthi "iMedulloblastoma." Lezi zimo zifaka:

• `(Isifo seTurcot)`
• `(I-Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome)`
• `(Isifo sikaGorlin)`
• `(I-Li-Fraumeni syndrome)`
• `(I-Fanconi anemia)`

Lezi yizimo ezingavamile kakhulu, kodwa uma othile emndenini wakho enalesi simo, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zomdlavuza we-embryonic? Ingabe uyingozi?

Izinkinga ezibangelwa umdlavuza wombungu ngezinye izikhathi zingaba yingozi empilweni. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu. Izinkinga eziyinhloko ezingabonakala yilezi:

• I-Hydrocephalus yisimo lapho ubuchopho bugcwala khona uketshezi bese ingcindezi ikhuphuka. Lokhu kungalimaza ubuchopho.
• Ukulimala kobuchopho.
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo - Lokhu kusho ukuthi ikhono lokucabanga nokufunda liyathinteka.
• Izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwama-hormone (i-Endocrinopathies).

Odokotela baluthola kanjani lolu hlobo lomdlavuza? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma ingane yakho inezimpawu esixoxe ngazo ngaphambili, noma uma unenkinga ngempilo yengane yakho, bona udokotela wengane yakho ngokushesha. Udokotela angakwazi ukuthola umdlavuza wengane ngokuhlola ingane yakho nokwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo.

Udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zengane yakho, umlando wayo wezempilo, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nezifo ezifanayo.

Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ngokunembile lesi sifo yilezi:

• Ukuskena kwe-MRI.
• Ukuskena kwe-`(CT)`.
• Ukubhoboza i-lumbar inqubo ehilela ukuthatha inani elincane loketshezi emgogodleni. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa futhi ukubona ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asasakazeke yini.
• Ukuthatha ingcezu encane yesicubu sesimila bese siyihlola (i-Biopsy). Yilokhu okusivumela ukuthi sithole uhlobo oluqondile lomdlavuza.

Iyiphi indlela yokwelapha lokhu? Ingabe ingane izolulama?

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamasende kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezici eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lomdlavuza, ubukhulu besimila, kanye nendawo esikuyo. Izinketho zokwelapha ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukuhlinzwa kokususa isisu ukususwa kwesimila ngokuhlinzwa.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
• Ukunikeza imithi yokulwa nomdlavuza (i-Chemotherapy).
• Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe (lena imithi ethile).

Ngokuvamile, ingane yakho ingadinga ukwelashwa okungaphezu kokukodwa. Isibonelo, odokotela bazosusa isimila ngokuphephile ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuhlinzwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangase banikeze i-chemotherapy ukuze babulale noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele noma banciphise isimila kakhulu.

Kwenziwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngalolu hlobo lomdlavuza wombungu, futhi ingane yakho ingase ifanelekele ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo ukuthola izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha.

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ucindezelekile futhi ukhungathekile phakathi nalesi sikhathi sosizi. Abazali abaningi bathola ukuthi bangajoyina iqembu lokusekela noma bakhulume nomeluleki wezempilo yengqondo phakathi nalesi sikhathi esinzima. Odokotela nabahlengikazi abaphatha ingane yakho bazokufundisa nendlela yokusekela nokududuza ingane yakho phakathi nalesi sikhathi.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa? Iyini?

Yebo, njengazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha, kungaba nemiphumela emibi.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ngemva kokuhlinzwa:

• Ukopha.
• Ihluli.
• Ukutheleleka.
• Ukulimala kwemizwa.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona yemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy ihlanganisa (kodwa ayigcini lapho):

• Ngikhathele.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ukulahlekelwa izinwele.
• Ukungezwani nesikhumba, ukubomvu.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.

Eminye imidlavuza ingabuya ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa nokususwa.

Iyini inkomba yokubikezela lesi sifo?

Indlela yokugula kwengane yakho, okungukuthi amathuba okululama, kuncike ezintweni eziningana, njenge:

• Uhlobo lomdlavuza.
• Lapho umdlavuza ukhona.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele noma cha.
• Ubudala bomntwana.
• Imiphumela yokuhlinzwa noma yokwelashwa kwangaphambilini.
• Impilo ejwayelekile yengane.

Amanye amathumba eseli legciwane anolaka kakhulu, asakazeka kalula, futhi angabuya ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa. Amanye angase abe yingozi. Udokotela wengane yakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ongakutshela ngalesi sibikezelo.

Yini engathiwa ngokuphila komntwana kulesi simo?

Kunzima ukunikeza impendulo eqondile mayelana nobude besikhathi sokuphila kwezingane ezinalesi simo, njengoba sihlukahluka. Isibonelo, olunye ucwaningo lubike ukuthi cishe ama-33% ezingane ezine-Medulloblastoma ziyafa ngenxa yezinkinga. Ezimila ezibangelwa umbungu ezinzima kakhulu njenge-ETMR, isikhathi sokusinda esimaphakathi ngemva kokuxilongwa singaba yizinyanga eziyi-12.

Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sokuphila kwengane yakho singase sihluke kwesabanye abantwana abanohlobo olufanayo lomdlavuza. Kuncike ezintweni ezifana nosayizi wesimila nendawo esikuyo. Ithimba lezokwelapha lengane yakho lizokunikeza ulwazi lwakamuva mayelana nezinketho zokwelapha kanye nokunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu kwamanje okungathuthukisa amathuba okusinda kwengane yakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu zomdlavuza wengane yakho , qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela:

• Uma uphuthelwa yizinyathelo zokukhula ezifanele iminyaka.
• Uma kukhona izinguquko ezinkulu ekuziphatheni.
• Uma unenkinga yokudla, uma ulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla.
• Uma unezinkinga zokulinganisela lapho uhamba noma ugijima.
• Uma uvame ukuzizwa unesicanucanu noma uhlanza.

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Uma ingane yakho inesifo sokuwa, shayela u-911 (noma inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo yendawo) ngokushesha, noma uyiyise emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Ngesikhathi esinjengalesi, ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho konke okusengqondweni yakho. Nansi eminye imibuzo ebalulekile ongayibuza:

• Ikuphi ithumba?
• Hlobo luni lokwelashwa olunconywayo?
• Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
• Ngingayisekela kanjani ingane yami phakathi nalokhu kwelashwa?
• Iyini i-prognosis (ithuba lokululama) yokugula kwengane yami?

Umyalezo obalulekile kubazali (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba, ungenalusizo, futhi ukhathazekile lapho uthola ukuthi ingane yakho inesimila esisongela impilo. Kungaba nzima ukubekezelela ingane ukuthi ihlinzwe futhi yelashwe ngendlela enamandla njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali isencane kangaka. Ukududuza ingane ngaleso sikhathi kungaba nzima kakhulu.

Kodwa khumbula lokhu: Ngisho noma lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lungavamile, ithimba lezokwelapha elelapha ingane yakho liqeqeshwe kakhulu futhi linolwazi. Bazokwenza konke okusemandleni abo ukunciphisa izinkinga nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa, nokunikeza ingane yakho induduzo nokunakekelwa ekudingayo phakathi nalolu hambo olunzima.

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi wenzeni noma ukuthi ungayisiza kanjani ingane yakho, khuluma nodokotela bengane yakho. Bangachaza isimo sengane yakho kanye nombono wesikhathi esizayo kuwe. Bangakukhombisa nezinye izinsiza, njengokukhuluma nomeluleki wezempilo yengqondo noma ukujoyina iqembu lokusekela.

Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kuzosiza kakhulu ukuzihlanganisa nabangani nomndeni ongabathembayo futhi ongakhuluma nabo.

` Amathumba Esibelethweni, Amathumba Obuchopho, Umdlavuza Wobuntwana, Izimpawu Zomdlavuza, Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza, I-Medulloblastoma