Ngezinye izikhathi, inkumbulo endala engqondweni yethu isilandela njengesipoki, akunjalo? Umsindo omncane, iphunga, noma into esiyibonayo ngokuzumayo ivusa ingqondo yethu, bese kuba sengathi leso senzakalo esibuhlungu esidala senzeka phambi kwamehlo ethu futhi. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngendlela yokwelapha entsha, kodwa ephumelela kakhulu esisiza ukuba silulame kokuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu okunjalo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-EMDR.
Kuyini i-EMDR? Kalula nje...
Incazelo ephelele ye-EMDR i- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing . NgesiSinhala, kufana nokuthulisa izinkumbulo ezibuhlungu engqondweni ngokunyakaza kwamehlo nokuzithulisa ngendlela efanele. Kulula kakhulu, akunjalo? Lena indlela ekhethekile yokwelapha impilo yengqondo.
Kule ndlela, uhambisa amehlo akho ngendlela ethile ngenkathi ucabanga ngalezo zinkumbulo ezindala ezikukhathazayo. Umgomo oyinhloko walokhu ukukwelapha ekulimaleni noma kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezibuhlungu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, i-EMDR iyindlela entsha kakhulu. Ucwaningo lokuqala ngalokhu lwenziwa ngo-1989. Kodwa-ke, izifundo eziningi ezenziwe kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ziye zafakazela ukuthi le ndlela iyasebenza kakhulu nokuthi ingafinyelela imiphumela ngokushesha kunezinye izindlela.
Ubani osiza kakhulu lolu hlobo lokwelashwa?
Ukwelashwa nge-EMDR kungasiza abantu abanezinkinga eziningi zempilo yengqondo. Kungasetshenziswa yinoma ubani, ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane, abantu abadala, nanoma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala. Abanye abelaphi baqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukusebenzisa lokhu kwelashwa ezinganeni ezincane.
Kungani lokhu kwelashwa kukhetheke kangaka?
Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zalokhu ukuthi akudingeki ukhulume ngesehlakalo esibuhlungu ngokuningiliziwe. Kwabanye abantu, ukukhuluma ngesehlakalo ngokuphindaphindiwe kungaba yinto ebuhlungu kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa kwe-EMDR kugxile ekushintsheni imizwa, imicabango, kanye nokuziphatha okubangelwa yisipiliyoni esibuhlungu. Lokhu kuvumela ubuchopho bakho ukuthi buqale inqubo yabo yokuphulukiswa yemvelo futhi.
Cabanga ngakho, uma sithola inxeba esandleni sethu, siyalivumela ukuthi liphile. Kodwa uma kukhona okubhajwe ngaphakathi kwalelo nxeba, alipholi kahle, liyabola. Ukulimala kuyafana. Leyo nkumbulo ibhajwe ebuchosheni, ayicutshungulwa kahle. Lokho okwenziwa yi-EMDR ukukhipha leyo nkumbulo ebhajwe futhi kusize ubuchopho buyicubungule kahle.
Nakuba sisebenzisa amagama athi “ubuchopho” kanye “nengqondo” ukuze sisho into efanayo, empeleni ahlukile. Ubuchopho buyisitho emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa ingqondoYilokho esizibheka ngakho, ingqikithi yemicabango yethu, izinkumbulo, izinkolelo, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho. Indlela izingqondo zethu ezisebenza ngayo incike esakhiweni sobuchopho bethu. Lawa maseli obuchopho axhumene futhi asebenza njengenethiwekhi. Yingakho ngokuzumayo sikhumbula izinkumbulo ezindala kanye nezinto esizibonayo, esizizwayo, esizizwayo, nesizizwayo.
Isebenza kanjani i-EMDR? Kwenzekani ngaphakathi kobuchopho...
Ukwelashwa kwe-EMDR kusekelwe kumodeli ebizwa ngokuthi i-Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) , echaza indlela ubuchopho bethu obugcina ngayo izinkumbulo. Ngokwalo mbono, ubuchopho bethu bugcina izinkumbulo ezivamile kanye nezinkumbulo ezibuhlungu ngezindlela ezimbili.
Esimweni esivamile, ubuchopho bugcina leyo nkumbulo ngendlela ehlelekile futhi buyixhumanise nezinye izinkumbulo, njengokuqongelela izincwadi emtatsheni wezincwadi.
Kodwa uma sibhekene nesenzakalo esibuhlungu noma esicindezela kakhulu, ubuchopho "buyayeka ukusebenza." Ukuxhumana phakathi kwalokho esikubonayo (lokho esikubonayo, esikuzwayo, nesikuzwayo) kanye nenkumbulo ebuchosheni egcinwa ngolimi kuyalahleka. Leyo nkumbulo inamathela endaweni eyodwa ebuchosheni, ingahlelekile, futhi ingakwazi ukuphulukiswa.
Lokhu kufana nesilonda sengqondo . Ngenxa yokuthi isilonda asizange sithole ithuba lokuphola, ubuchopho abukawutholi umyalezo wokuthi "ingozi isiphelile." Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha nje lapho into efana kakhulu nesigameko (isib. umsindo, iphunga) ifika, leyo nkumbulo "iyaqala." Khona-ke ukwesaba okudala, intukuthelo, nokukhathazeka kuqala ukubuya kusihluphe. Kunjengokungathi lesi sigameko senzeka futhi. Ukubuyela emuva esikubonayo ku-PTSD kuyisibonelo esihle salokhu.
Ukwelashwa nge-EMDR kuhilela ukufinyelela kuleyo nkumbulo ebambekile nebuhlungu ngendlela ekhethekile. Ngokuhamba kwamehlo, ubuchopho buyasizwa ukucubungula leyo nkumbulo kabusha. Bese, inkumbulo igcinwa ebuchosheni ngendlela ehlelekile nefanele.
Ngemva kokwelashwa, uzokhumbula lesi sigameko. Kodwa umuzwa wokusiphinda, ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki obuhambisana naso, uzonyamalala. Inkumbulo ngeke isalawula impilo yakho.
Yiziphi izimo zengqondo eziphathwa nge-EMDR?
Nakuba ukwelashwa nge-EMDR kuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwi -Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) , kusetshenziswa ngempumelelo nakwezinye izimo eziningi zempilo yengqondo.
- Izinkinga Zokukhathazeka: Isibonelo, ukukhathazeka okuvamile, ukwesaba, kanye nokukhathazeka komphakathi.
- Izinkinga Zokucindezeleka: Isifo sokucindezeleka okukhulu, kanye nokucindezeleka kwesikhathi eside.
- Izinkinga Zokudla: Izimo ezifana ne-Anorexia Nervosa kanye ne-Bulimia Nervosa.
- Izinkinga Zokukhathazeka Okungapheli: Izimo ezifana ne-OCD.
- Ukuphazamiseka Kobuntu: Isibonelo, Ukuphazamiseka Kobuntu Okungenamingcele.
- Izinkinga Zokuhlukana: Izimo ezifana nokukhohlwa ukuthi ungubani nokuthi ukuphi.
Izinyathelo ezingu-8 zokwelapha nge-EMDR
Ukwelashwa nge-EMDR kuvame ukuba nezinyathelo eziyisishiyagalombili. Akuzona zonke lezi zinyathelo ezenzeka ngosuku olufanayo. Lezi zinyathelo ziqedwa ngezikhathi eziningana. Inkumbulo eyodwa ebuhlungu ivame ukuthatha cishe izikhathi ezi-3-6. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlukumezeka okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kwesikhathi eside kungadinga izikhathi eziyi-8-12 noma ngaphezulu. Isikhathi ngasinye sivame ukuthatha cishe ihora noma ihora nesigamu. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini lezi zinyathelo eziyi-8.
| Izinyathelo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Isinyathelo 1: Yazi imininingwane yakho nomlando wakho | Udokotela wakho wezifo zengqondo uzoqoqa ulwazi ngawe, okwedlule kwakho, kanye nezenzakalo ezikukhathazayo. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi i-EMDR ikufanele yini. |
| Isinyathelo 2: Ukulungiselela kanye nokuqwashisa | Bazokuchazela ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa futhi bazokufundisa nezindlela zokukusiza ukuthi ulawule imizwa yakho futhi uhlale uzolile. |
| Isinyathelo 3: Ukuhlola umgomo | Khomba inkumbulo ethile edinga ukuphathwa kanye nezinkolelo ezimbi ezihambisana nayo (isib., "Yiphutha lami"). Khomba into enhle ongathanda ukuyikholelwa esikhundleni sayo (isib., "Ngiphephile manje"). |
| Isinyathelo 4: Nciphisa ukuzwela bese usetha kabusha | Yilapho ucelwa khona ukuthi ukhumbule inkumbulo ebuhlungu ngenkathi uhambisa amehlo akho. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ukhuluma nodokotela ngemizwa onayo kanye nemicabango emisha efika engqondweni. |
| Isinyathelo 5: Ukwakha ukuzethemba okuhle | Uma inkumbulo ebuhlungu icutshungulwa, kuyasiza ekusunguleni inkolelo enhle engqondweni ekhonjwe ngaphambilini. |
| Isinyathelo 6: Ukuskena Umzimba | Uma ngicabanga ngaleyo nkumbulo, ngiyabheka ukuthi ukungakhululeki engikuzwayo emzimbeni wami (isib., ubuhlungu besisu, ubuhlungu besifuba) sekuphelile yini. |
| Isinyathelo 7: Ukuqeda Nokuzinzisa | Ngaphambi kokuba iseshini iphele, uzolethwa esimweni esizolile nesiphephile. Uzofundiswa ukuthi wenzeni uma uzizwa ungakhululekile phakathi kweseshini. |
| Isinyathelo 8: Hlola kabusha | Sibuyekeza inqubekela phambili eyenziwe ezifundweni zangaphambilini bese sinquma ukuthi ngabe kudingeka ukwelashwa okwengeziwe noma ukuthi imigomo idinga ukushintshwa. |
Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kokwelashwa kwe-EMDR?
Njenganoma iyiphi indlela yokwelapha, i-EMDR inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo.
| Izinzuzo | Ukungalungi |
|---|---|
| Iphumelele: Le ndlela ifakazelwe ukuthi iphumelela ezifundweni eziningi. | Kunqunyelwe: Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kusebenza kuphela ezinkingeni zengqondo ezihlobene nokuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu. |
| Imiphumela esheshayo: Uqala ukuzizwa ukhululekile ngokushesha kunangezinye izindlela zokwelapha. | Okwemfundiso:Akukacaci ngokwesayensi ukuthi kungani lokhu kusebenza, kodwa sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kuyasebenza. |
| "Umsebenzi wasekhaya omncane": Akukho kwelashwa okuningi kwalolu hlobo, njengokubhala phansi kanye nokuzivocavoca. | Indlela entsha: Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kusha uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngemiphumela yesikhathi eside. |
| Ukucindezeleka okuncane: Kunokucindezeleka okuncane ngoba akudingeki ukuthi uphinde ukhumbule lesi sigameko esibuhlungu ngokuningiliziwe. |
Yini okufanele uyenze uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo?
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma uzizwa sengathi uzozilimaza noma ucabanga ukuzibulala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nge-EMDR noma nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, sicela wenze lezi zinto.
Ungalokothi ube wedwa. Tshela ngokushesha umuntu omethembayo (ilungu lomndeni, umngane) lokho okukucabangayo.
- Yiya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha okukhulu. Odokotela nabasebenzi balapho baqeqeshwe ukukusiza.
- Yazisa udokotela wakho okwelaphayo ngokushesha.
- Ungashayela nezinsizakalo zocingo ezisungulwe ukuze kusekelwe impilo yengqondo eSri Lanka.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-EMDR iyindlela yokwelapha ephephile kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo yokwelapha izinkinga zengqondo ezibangelwa ukuhlukumezeka nezinkumbulo ezibuhlungu.
- Lokhu kungafeza imiphumela ngokushesha kunezinye izindlela eziningi zokwelapha.
- Kulolu hlobo lokwelapha, akudingeki ukhulume ngesigameko esikukhathazayo ngokuningiliziwe, okwenza kungabi nokucindezeleka okukhulu.
- Lokhu akusizi nje kuphela nge-PTSD, kodwa futhi nakwezinye izimo eziningi ezifana nokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka.
- Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlale ufuna lolu hlobo lokwelashwa kuchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe noqeqeshiwe. Ungabuza udokotela wakho ngalokhu bese umcela ukuthi akuthumele kumuntu ofanele.
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