Imithambo yegazi eyinhloko enikeza igazi ebuchosheni bethu, ekhanda, nasebusweni itholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zentamo yethu. Lezi zifana nemigwaqo emikhulu emzimbeni wethu. Cabanga ukuthi bekuyoba njani ukube enye yale migwaqo yayinodonga olubuthakathaka futhi iqhuma njengebhaluni. Yilokho esikhuluma ngakho namuhla, i-carotid artery aneurysm. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kuyesabeka kancane, kubalulekile ukukuqaphela.
Kuyini i-Carotid Artery Aneurysm?
Kalula nje, i-aneurysm yemithambo yegazi ye-carotid yisimo lapho ingxenye yodonga lomthambo wegazi omkhulu (umthambo we-carotid) othwala igazi lisuka ezinhlangothini zombili zentamo yakho liye ebuchosheni bakho iba buthaka, okubangela ukuba umfutho wegazi uqhume ngaphandle njengebhamuza.
Cabanga ngebhaluni elifuthwe umoya. Udonga lwebhaluni luya luncipha njengoba lufuthwe umoya, akunjalo? Kwenzekani uma ulufutha kakhulu? Luyaqhuma. Yileyo ndlela le aneurysm eqhuma ngayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingaba nkulu. Njengoba ikhula, udonga lwayo luya luncipha, futhi kunengozi yokuthi izoqhuma ngolunye usuku. Ngakho-ke lapho i-aneurysm iba nkulu, ingaba yingozi kakhulu.
Lesi simo singaba sibi kangakanani?
Ama-aneurysm emithambo ye-carotid ayisimo esibi esithinta imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ngqo ebuchosheni bethu, ngakho akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke ama-aneurysm ayingozi ngokulinganayo. Amanye mancane kakhulu futhi angahlala endaweni yawo iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga.
Kodwa kunezingozi ezimbili ezinkulu:
1. Ihlule legazi: Ihlule legazi lingakheka ngaphakathi kwe-aneurysm, futhi ingxenye yalo ingaphuka bese inamathela emthanjeni wegazi omncane ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungavimba ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni futhi kubangele ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okuhamba kancane (TIA) , "i-mini stroke," noma i-ischemic stroke egcwele .
2. Ukuqhuma kwe-Aneurysm: Uma i-aneurysm enkulu iqhuma, ingabangela ukopha okukhulu ebuchosheni noma eduze kwayo. I-stroke ephumela lapho ibizwa ngokuthi i-hemorrhagic stroke . Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo esingathi sína kakhulu futhi esingasongela ukuphila.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-aneurysm yangempela neyamanga?
Lokhu kuyinto yezokwelapha kancane, kodwa masiyiqonde kalula. Udonga lwemithambo yegazi yethu lwakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu.
- I-Aneurysm Yangempela: Yilapho zonke izingqimba ezintathu zomthambo ziba buthaka futhi zikhukhumala ngaphandle. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukugcwala kwamafutha ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi (i-atherosclerosis).
- I-Aneurysm Yamanga noma i-Pseudoaneurysm:Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ungqimba olulodwa noma ezimbili zodonga lwemithambo yegazi zonakele, okuvumela igazi elithile ukuba liphume futhi liqoqeke eduze komthambo wegazi, kwakha igwebu. Empeleni, lokhu akuyona ukuphuma kwegazi kwangempela. Kungenzeka ngenxa yengozi, ukutheleleka, noma inkinga yokwelashwa okuthile.
Noma yiluphi uhlobo lungabangela izinkinga, ngakho-ke zombili zingadinga ukwelashwa.
Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi abe nalesi simo? Futhi ingabe sivamile?
Nakuba ama-aneurysm e-carotid artery angenzeka kunoma yimuphi umuntu omdala, avame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-60. Angaphinde avele ezinganeni.
Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu . Ama-aneurysms e-carotid artery angaphansi kwe-1% yawo wonke ama-aneurysms emzimbeni.
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?
Esikhathini esiningi, lawa ma-aneurysm angaba khona ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi atholakala ngengozi lapho kwenziwa okuthile okufana nokuskena ikhanda ngesinye isizathu.
Kodwa uma kuvela izimpawu, zivame ukuba yizimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi noma ukuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi okungapheli (TIA).
I-TIA ingaba uphawu oluyisixwayiso esikhulu sokuthi isifo sohlangothi esikhulu siyeza ezinsukwini noma emavikini azayo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunaka kakhulu lezi zimpawu.
| Izimpawu eziphuthumayo zesifo sohlangothi noma i-TIA - uma unanoma yikuphi kwalokhu, iya ku-ETU ngokushesha! | |
|---|---|
| Ukukhubazeka kokubona okungazelelwe | Ukufiphala noma ukulahlekelwa umbono kwelinye noma womabili amehlo. |
| Ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba | Ukuzwa sengathi uzwa ubuhlungu ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso, ingalo, noma umlenze. (isib., ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso) |
| Ubunzima bokukhuluma | Ukungaqondi kahle amagama, ubunzima bokuqonda okushiwoyo. |
| Ubunzima bokuhamba nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi | Ukuzungeza, ukungakwazi ukuma unganyakazi, ukuhudula eceleni uma uhamba. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo, elinzima | Ukuqala ngokuzumayo kwekhanda elibuhlungu ngendlela engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili. |
Uma uzwa izimpawu ezinjengalezi, ungase ungakwazi ukushayela ucingo esibhedlela. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa abantu basekhaya lakho ngalokhu.
Ezinye izimpawu
Ngaphezu kwezimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi, uma i-aneurysm ikhula ngokwanele ukucindezela eminye imizwa noma imithambo yegazi entanyeni, izimpawu ezifana nalezi:
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
- Ukuhosha kwezwi
- Ubuhlungu bentamo
- Ukuvuvukala kobuso
- Ukuzizwa sengathi kuneqhubu entanyeni futhi kuyashaya
- Ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla
- Ezinye izinkinga zokubona
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu bese umtshela ngazo.
Kungani ama-aneurysm akheka kanje? Ziyini izimbangela?
Kunezimbangela eziningana ezingaba khona ze-aneurysm yemithambo ye-carotid.
- I-atherosclerosis: Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko nesivame kakhulu. Lesi simo singavela lapho i-cholesterol namafutha enqwabelana ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, okwenza izindonga zibe buthaka.
- Izifo ezenza buthaka izindonga zemithambo yegazi: Ezinye izifo, njenge-"Fibromuscular dysplasia," zibangela ukuthi izindonga zemithambo yegazi zingahlali ziphilile.
- Izinkinga zokwelashwa: Kungaba futhi yinkinga yokuhlinzwa kwentamo, imigqa ethile ephakathi, noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza.
- Izingozi: Ukulimala komthambo wegazi ngenxa yengozi enkulu, njengokudutshulwa noma ukugwazwa.
Izinto Eziyingozi
Kunezici eziningana ezingenza buthaka izindonga zemithambo yegazi, okwandisa ingozi yokuba ne-aneurysm:
- Umlando womndeni: Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba ne-aneurysm, nawe usengozini enkulu.
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (Umfutho wegazi ophakeme): Uma umfutho wegazi ukhuphuka, ubeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kungenza izindonga zibe buthaka.
- Ukubhema: Ukubhema kuyimbangela enkulu yomonakalo emithanjeni yegazi. Kuyenza buthaka izindonga zemithambo yegazi futhi kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba ne-aneurysms.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Udokotela ulandela izinyathelo eziningana ukuze axilonge lesi sifo.
1. Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela uzobeka i-stethoscope entanyeni yakho bese elalela. Ngezinye izikhathi, umsindo ohlukile 'wokubhonga' (i-carotid bruit) ungezwakala njengoba igazi ligeleza kulo mkhuhlane.
2. Umlando wezokwelapha wakho nomndeni wakho: Udokotela uzobuza ngezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nezimo ezifanayo.
3. Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa lesi sifo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungabona ngokucacile ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi kwe-carotid artery yakho.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan)
- I-MRA Scan (i-Magnetic Resonance Angiography)
- Ukuskena nge-ultrasound
Lezi zivivinyo zivumela odokotela ukuthi banqume usayizi oqondile, ukuma, kanye nendawo ye-aneurysm, futhi ngokufanele banqume ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ngobukhulu be-aneurysm yakho, ukuthi ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani, nokuthi unezimpawu yini. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokwelapha eziyinhloko.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukuqapha | Uma i-aneurysm incane kakhulu futhi ingenazo izimpawu, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi ulinde isikhashana ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukulinda ngokuqapha." Uzoba nezikeni njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6 noma ngonyaka ukuze ubone ukuthi i-aneurysm iyakhula yini. Okwamanje, ungase unikezwe imithi yokulawula ingcindezi. |
| 2. Ukuhlinzwa Okuvulekile | Lena inqubo yokuhlinzwa yendabuko. Lapha, udokotela ohlinzayo wenza i-incision entanyeni bese esusa ingxenye eyonakele yomthambo wegazi, equkethe i-aneurysm. Ngemuva kwalokho, ucezu lomthambo wegazi noma ipayipi lokwenziwa (i-graft) elithathwe kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho (isibonelo, umlenze wakho) lisetshenziswa ukudala indlela entsha yokugeleza kwegazi. |
| 3. Ukwelashwa kwe-Endovascular (Endovascular Stent Grafting) | Lena inqubo engadingi ukusikwa okukhulu. Udokotela wakho uzovula imbobo encane emthanjeni wegazi engalweni yakho bese efaka ipayipi elincane (i-catheter) ngalo. Ngaphansi kwesiqondiso se-X-ray, ipayipi liya phambili liye ku-aneurysm, bese kufakwa ipayipi elikhethekile elifana ne-mesh (i-stent graft) ngaphakathi. Lokhu kuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze ngepayipi elisha esikhundleni sokungena ku-aneurysm. |
Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe ngemva kokukhuluma nawe nokuchaza konke.
Yini engingayenza ukuze nginciphise le ngozi?
Asikwazi ukulawula ezinye izinto eziyingozi (njengomlando womndeni), kodwa kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sigcine imithambo yethu yegazi iphilile futhi sinciphise ingozi yokuba ne-aneurysm.
- Uma ubhema, yeka namuhla. Lena yinto engcono kakhulu ongayenza. Cela usizo kudokotela wakho.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo. Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, usawoti kanye noshukela. Yidla imifino eminingi, izithelo kanye nemifino eluhlaza.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo. Zivocavoce ngendlela efanele wena, njengoba udokotela wakho ekweluleke.
- Lawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, thatha imithi udokotela wakho ayinikeza ngesikhathi.
- Landela iseluleko sezokwelapha. Hamba uyohlolwa udokotela ngesikhathi.
Ingabe kukhona umehluko phakathi kwe-aneurysm entanyeni kanye ne-aneurysm engaphakathi kwekhanda?
Lokhu kungokwezokwelapha kancane, kodwa ake sikubeke kalula: Umthambo wethu we-carotid ugijima entanyeni ungene ekhanda.
- Ama-Aneurysm akheka ngaphandle kogebhezi, okungukuthi, entanyeni, abizwa ngokuthi `i-extracranial` .
- Ama-Aneurysm akheka ngaphakathi kogebhezi abizwa ngokuthi `intracranial` .
Uma udokotela wakho esebenzisa la magama kuwe, abhekisela nje endaweni lapho kukhona khona i-aneurysm. Akudingeki ukuthi uwabambe ngekhanda la magama. Cela udokotela wakho akucacisele nganoma yini ongayiqondi.
Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma uthola ukuthi une-aneurysm. Kodwa ngobuchwepheshe bokuskena obuthuthukisiwe kanye nokwelashwa, abantu abaningi bangaphila impilo ejwayelekile. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela futhi uye kohlolwa njalo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-aneurysm yemithambo ye-carotid iwukuba buthaka kodonga lomthambo wegazi omkhulu entanyeni othwala igazi liye ebuchosheni, okubangela ukuba likhukhumale njengebhaluni.
- Izingozi ezimbili eziyinhloko ezingavela kulokhu ukuqhekeka kwegazi okubangela isifo sohlangothi kanye nokuqhuma kwe-aneurysm.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, njengokugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso bakho ngokuzumayo, ukungazweli engalweni, noma ubunzima bokukhuluma, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Ukwelashwa kuncike ngobukhulu be-aneurysm kanye nezimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi ukubuka nje kungase kwanele. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka.
- Ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme nokugwema ukubhema kubalulekile ukuvimbela lesi simo.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngalokhu, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngakho.
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