Uma ungumama okhulelwe, cishe uhlala uzibuza ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle yini ngomntwana wakho. Njalo uma uthwetshulwa, uzizwa ukhathazekile kancane. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngokungalindelekile, ukuthwetshulwa kwembula ukuthi umntwana wakho unesici sokuzalwa. Kunzima ukuchaza usizi nokwesaba ozizwayo ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ezokwelapha sezithuthuke kakhulu namuhla. Ubuwazi ukuthi ungayilungisa inkinga ngokwenza ukuhlinzwa ngenkathi umntwana esesesibelethweni, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi umntwana azalwe? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'Ukuhlinzwa Kwengane'.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukuhlinzwa kwe-Fetal?
Ukuhlinzwa kwengane, kalula nje, ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa enganeni isakhula ngaphakathi kwesibeletho sakho. Abanye odokotela bakubiza nangokuthi ukuhlinzwa kokubeletha. Kuhilela ukungenelela nokwelapha inkinga engaba yingozi empilweni noma ebangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu enganeni ngemva kokuzalwa. Ithemba liwukusindisa impilo yengane noma ukwandisa amathuba engane okuphila impilo enempilo nekhiqizayo ngemva kokuzalwa.
Kukuziphi izimo lapho lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa ludingeka khona?
Lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa alwenziwa kuzo zonke izinkinga zokuzalwa. Lwenziwa kuphela ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, ezikhethekile. Cabanga ngale ndlela.
- Uma kukhona usongo olusheshayo empilweni yengane: Isibonelo, cabanga ukuthi sekukhona isimila esikhulu (ukukhubazeka kwamaphaphu) emaphashini engane, esicindezela inhliziyo encane yengane. Uma lokho kwenzeka, ingane ingaba nenkinga yokwehluleka kwenhliziyo isesesibelethweni, okungaba yingozi empilweni. Esimweni esinjalo, odokotela bangenza ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila isesesibelethweni.
- Nciphisa ukukhubazeka kwangemva kokubeletha: Kunezimo ezithile ezingasongeli impilo yengane ngokushesha, kodwa ezingabangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu ngemva kokuzalwa. Isibonelo esihle yi -spina bifida, isimo somgogodla lapho umgogodla wengane ungavaleki kahle. Lokhu kungalimaza imizwa, kwenze kube nzima ngengane ukuhamba noma ukulawula amathumbu ayo kanye nesinye ngemva kokuzalwa. Uma lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngenkathi ingane isesesibelethweni, kunganciphisa umonakalo wemizwa futhi kunikeze ingane impilo engcono ngemva kokuzalwa.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isinqumo sokwenza lokhu kuhlinzwa senziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu, ngemva kokucabangela izici eziningi eziphathelene nempilo kamama neyomntwana.
Ubani owenza lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa?
Lokhu akuyona nje noma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa. Kudinga iqembu elikhulu lodokotela abangochwepheshe kakhulu. Kufana neqembu lamaqhawe. Leli qembu livame ukufaka:
- Odokotela Abahlinzayo Bezingane: Laba ngabalingiswa abaphambili. Baqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukwenza ukuhlinzwa ezinganeni ngemva kokuzalwa, ngisho nangaphakathi esibelethweni.
- Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha komama nomntwana: Laba ochwepheshe abangochwepheshe ezinkingeni ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Banakekela impilo kamama neyomntwana.
- Odokotela Bezinzwa: Abantu abathole ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ekunikezeni i-anesthesia (ukuqeda ukuqwasha) kumama nakumntwana.
- Odokotela Benhliziyo Bengane Esanda Kuzalwa: Labo ababheka ngqo ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yengane.
- Ochwepheshe Bokuthwebula Izithombe Zengane Esanda Kuzalwa: Labo abasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasound kanye ne-MRI obusezingeni eliphezulu ukuze banikeze odokotela isithombe esicacile ngesimo somntwana.
Wonke umuntu usebenzisana ukuze lokhu kuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kube yimpumelelo.
Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa kombungu?
Odokotela banezindlela eziningana zokwenza lokhu kuhlinzwa. Indlela okufanele isetshenziswe inqunywa ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nesimo somntwana kanye nempilo kamama. Ake sibheke izindlela eziyinhloko.
| Indlela yokuhlinzwa | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlinzwa Kwengane Evulekile | Kulokhu, umama unikezwa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Ngemva kwalokho, udokotela usika isisu sikamama bese esusa isibeletho. Ngemuva kwalokho, isibeletho siyasikwa kancane bese umntwana elashwa. Kodwa umntwana akakhishwa ngokuphelele esibelethweni. Lapho ukuhlinzwa sekuqediwe, isibeletho nesisu kuthungwa ngokucophelela ndawonye. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukukhulelwa kuyaqhubeka isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. |
| Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Fetoscopic | Lokhu kufana 'nokuhlinzwa kwe-keyhole'. Esikhundleni sokwenza i-incision enkulu, kwenziwa imigodi embalwa kakhulu esiswini nasesibelethweni. Ngalezi zimbobo, kufakwa ipayipi elincane elinekhamera encane enamathiselwe kulo, elibizwa ngokuthi i-fetoscope. Ngokusekelwe ezithombeni ezivela kukhamera, udokotela usebenzisa amathuluzi amancane afakwe ngezinye izimbobo ukwenza ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu akumkhathazi kakhulu umama. |
| Ukuhlinzwa okwenziwe ngesikhathi sokubeletha (Inqubo YOKUPHUMA) | Lena inqubo ekhethekile kakhulu. I-EXIT imele i-Ex-utero Intrapartum Treatment. Lokhu kwenziwa uma kukhona into efana nesimila esikhulu entanyeni yomntwana, noma uma kukhona ukuvaleka kwendlela yokuphefumula. Kulokhu, isibeletho sivuleka njengesigaba sokuhlinzwa (C-section), futhi kukhishwa ikhanda namahlombe omntwana kuphela. Kodwa intambo yesisu ayinqunywa. Njengoba ingane isaxhumene ne-placenta, ithola umoya-mpilo kumama. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, odokotela balungisa indlela yokuphefumula yomntwana futhi bayenze ikwazi ukuphefumula yodwa. Kulapho kuphela lapho intambo yesisu isikwa khona bese ingane ikhishwa ngokuphelele. |
Yiziphi izimo eziphathwa ngalezi zinqubo zokuhlinzwa?
- I-Spine Bifida/Myelomeningocele: Isici sokuzalwa esibangelwa umgogodla.
- Ukukhubazeka Kwamaphaphu Azalwa Nawo: Izimila noma ukukhula okungajwayelekile emaphashini.
- I-Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH): Izitho zesisu ziphuma zingene esifubeni.
- Izinkinga Zamawele E-Monochorionic: Izimo ezifana ne-Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome ezenzeka kumawele abelana nge-placenta efanayo.
- I-Sacrococcygeal Teratoma (SCT): Isimila esikhulu esikhula phansi komgogodla wengane.
- I-Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS): Isimo lapho umgudu womoya womntwana uvalekile kusukela ekuzalweni.
- Ukuvalwa Kwendlela Yomchamo Ephansi (LUTO): Ukuvaleka kwendlela yomchamo yengane.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa?
Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
Uma ingane yakho itholakala inenye yalezi zinkinga, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqapha wena nengane yakho ngokucophelela. Bazokuchazela ngokucacile ngesimo sengane yakho, ubukhali bayo, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo. Lesi yisikhathi esinzima kakhulu kuwe nomndeni wakho. Ngakho-ke, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizosebenzisana nawe ukukusiza ukuthi unqume uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu.
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa, kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ithimba lezokwelapha lizoqhubeka nokukuqapha wena nomntwana wakho. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungadingeka. Futhi, uma lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa lwenziwa, umntwana cishe uzozalwa ngokuhlinzwa okuhleliwe. Ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana, umntwana angadinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe e-Intensive Care Unit.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, lokhu kunezinzuzo kanye nezingozi. Kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi oluhle ngakho kokubili ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo.
| Izinzuzo | Izingozi |
|---|---|
| Izinzuzo zengane | |
| Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa ukuze kusindiswe impilo yengane . Ezimweni ezifana ne-Spine Bifida, ukuhlinzwa kusenesikhathi kunganciphisa ukulimala kwemizwa, okungasiza ikhono lengane lokuhamba nokulawula isinyi sayo ngemva kokuzalwa. | |
| Izingozi kumama nengane | |
Izingozi kumama:
| Izingozi ezingaba khona enganeni:
|
Uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho inesici sokuzalwa, kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhungathekile, udabukile, futhi wesaba. Ukwenza izinqumo kungaba nzima ngezinye izikhathi. Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa. Udokotela wakho kanye nethimba lezokwelapha bakhona ukukusiza. Bangakunikeza lonke ulwazi oludingayo futhi bakuqondise ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinhle kakhulu kuwe kanye nengane yakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlinzwa Kwengane Esanda Kuzalwa kuwukuhlinzwa okukhethekile okwenziwa ngesikhathi ingane isesesibelethweni. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukusindisa impilo yengane noma ukunciphisa ukukhubazeka okukhulu.
- Lokhu akuyona into eyenziwa yizo zonke izinkinga zokuzalwa. Kwenziwa kuphela ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, ezikhethiwe.
- Lokhu kudinga ukwesekwa kwethimba lezokwelapha elichwepheshile kakhulu.
- Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko, okuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile, ukuhlinzwa kwe-keyhole (fetoscopic), kanye nokuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa (EXIT).
- Lokhu kuhlinzwa kunezinzuzo zako, kodwa futhi kunezingozi kumama nakumntwana. Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo, xoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho.
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