Uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi une-glaucoma, angakutshela ukuthi ungase udinge ukuhlinzwa. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi wethukile kancane uma uzwa lawo mazwi. "Kuzokwenzekani emehlweni ami?", "Ingabe lokhu kungukuhlinzwa okukhulu?", "Ingabe kuzobuhlungu?" yonke imibuzo efika engqondweni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda. Njengoba nje ubungakhuluma nomngane.
Kuyini ngempela ukuhlinzwa kwe-glaucoma?
Kulungile, ake siqale siqonde ukuthi iyini i-glaucoma. Kalula nje, i-glaucoma igama elijwayelekile leqembu lezimo ezilimaza i-optic nerve , i-nerve eyinhloko ethwala imiyalezo esuka emehlweni ethu iya ebuchosheni. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukwanda kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kweso (Itraocular Pressure).
Cabanga nje ukuthi iso lethu lifana nebhola eligcwele amanzi. Uketshezi olukhethekile olubizwa ngokuthi 'Aqueous Humor' lukhiqizwa njalo futhi lukhishwa ngaphakathi kweso. Yilokhu okugcina iso liphilile. Kodwa-ke, ku-glaucoma, imigudu lapho lolu ketshezi lugeleza khona iyavalwa, okubangela ukuthi uketshezi luqoqeke ngaphakathi kweso futhi kwandise ingcindezi. Ngenxa yalokhu kucindezela okwandayo, i-optic nerve esikhulume ngayo iyacindezelwa futhi kancane kancane iqala ukulimala.
Ngakho-ke, kunezinhloso ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa kwe-glaucoma:
1. Ukwenza kube lula ukukhipha amanzi: Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlanza uhlelo lokukhipha amanzi oluvinjiwe (i-trabecular meshwork) noma ukudala indlela entsha yokuvumela ukuthi uketshezi lugeleze kalula.
2. Ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa koketshezi: Ukunciphisa inani loketshezi olukhiqizwa ngaphakathi kweso.
Ngalezi zindlela ezimbili, ukuhlinzwa kunethemba lokulawula ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso nokuvimbela umonakalo owengeziwe emsipheni wokubona.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-glaucoma akukwazi ukulungisa umonakalo osuvele wenziwe. Lokho kusho ukuthi awukwazi ukubuyisa umbono olahlekile. Kodwa ungamisa ukulahlekelwa umbono okuqhubekayo noma ukunciphise kakhulu. Yingakho lokhu kuhlinzwa kubalulekile.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa kwe-glaucoma ezikhona?
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-glaucoma kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala ukuhlinzwa nge-laser , okuvame ukwenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela (inqubo yehhovisi). Enye ukuhlinzwa kokusika, okwenziwa egumbini lokuhlinza. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlinzwa olukulungele ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningi, njengohlobo lwe-glaucoma onayo, ubukhali besifo, kanye nesimo seso lakho.
Ake sibheke ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ngokwehlukana.
1. Ukuhlinzwa Nge-Laser - Akukho okufanele ukwesabe, izindlela ezilula
Lokhu kuvame ukuba ukuhlinzwa kokuqala okunconywayo, kulula kakhulu futhi kungaqedwa ngemizuzu embalwa.
- I-Laser Trabeculoplasty: Lokhu kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa ye-laser evame kakhulu ye-glaucoma. Isebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-laser ukususa ukuvaleka ohlelweni lokukhipha amanzi emehlweni. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili.
- I-ALT (i-Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty): Lena indlela endala kakhulu.
- I-SLT (Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty): Lena yindlela entsha nesetshenziswa kakhulu. Kulokhu, umsebe we-laser uqondiswe kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunomonakalo omncane esweni. Futhi, lokhu kuhlinzwa kungaphindwa uma kudingeka. Lena indlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu ezimweni eziningi ze -'open-angle glaucoma' .
- I-Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI): Lokhu kwenzelwa abantu abane- glaucoma e-closed-angle . I-laser yenza imbobo encane kakhulu engxenyeni enombala yeso, i-iris. Lokhu kuvumela uketshezi olungaphakathi kweso ukuthi lugeleze ngokukhululeka esikhundleni sokuhlala ohlangothini olulodwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa futhi ukuvimbela i-glaucoma kubantu abasengozini yokuba nayo.
- I-Cyclophotocoagulation (CPC): Lokhu kuhilela ukuqondisa umzimba we-ciliary, okhiqiza i-aqueous humor, nge-laser beam ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa koketshezi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa kubantu abane-glaucoma enzima kakhulu abangazange baphendule kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
2. Ukuhlinzwa Kokusika - Izinqubo ezenziwa egumbini lokuhlinza
Uma ukwelashwa nge-laser kwehluleka ukulawula lesi simo, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlinzwa okunje. Lokhu kwenziwa egumbini lokuhlinza.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Trabeculectomy: Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okuyinhloko obekulokhu kwenziwa ngokwesiko. Lapha, udokotela ohlinzayo wenza ukusika okuncane engxenyeni emhlophe yeso (i-sclera), asuse ingxenye yesistimu yokukhipha amanzi, futhi adale indlela entsha yokukhipha uketshezi. Lokhu kungaba wusizo kakhulu ekunciphiseni ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso.
- I-Tube Shunt: Lena enye indlela. Lapha, kufakwa ithubhu elincane kakhulu, elincanyana esweni ukuze kukhishwe uketshezi oluvela ngaphakathi kweso. Lena futhi indlela ephumelelayo esetshenziselwa i-glaucoma enzima.
- Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Glaucoma Okungangeneleli Kakhulu (i-MIGS): Lobu ubuchwepheshe bamuva kulo mkhakha. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngokusikwa okuncane kakhulu kusetshenziswa amathuluzi amancane kakhulu kanye nezifakelo. Lokhu kuphumela esikhathini esifushane sokululama kanye nezinkinga ezimbalwa. Ngokuvamile, i-MIGS ingenziwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract. Lokhu kungcono kakhulu kubantu abasesigabeni sokuqala salesi sifo.
Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa?
Uma unedethi yokuhlinzwa, udokotela uzohlangana nawe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izinto ezilandelayo zingase zenzeke:
- Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo: Amehlo akho azohlolwa kahle futhi kuzokwenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ezidingekayo.
- Ukukhuluma ngezinto ozilindele: Ukuchaza ukuthi yini ongayilindela nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Umlando wempilo: Buza ngezinye izifo onazo kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo (ikakhulukazi imithi yokunciphisa igazi).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazokunikeza uhlu lwezinto okufanele uzenze ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu, kodwa ngokuvamile, lezi yizinto okufanele uzenze.
| Iseluleko | Kungani lokho kulula? |
|---|---|
| Yeka ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu kanye nemithi yokunciphisa igazi. | Imithi efana ne-aspirin kanye ne-NSAID ingandisa ukopha ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukunciphisa leyo ngozi. Kodwa ungayeki ukuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kokubuza udokotela wakho kuqala. |
| Hlela ukuthi othile akuyise ekhaya. | Uma unikezwa i-anesthesia ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ngeke ukwazi ukushayela imoto wedwa ngemva kwalokho. Ngakho-ke cela umngane noma ilungu lomndeni ukuthi lihambe nawe. |
| Cacisa ukuthi yimiphi imithi okufanele/okungafanele uyithathe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. | Eminye imithi ayinconywa ngosuku olwandulela ukuhlinzwa. Eminye iyadingeka ngempela. Buza ngayo ngokucophelela. |
| Ngokushesha. | Uma uhlinzwa egumbini lokuhlinza, uzocelwa ukuthi uyeke ukudla nokuphuza amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kwenqubo. Lesi yisinyathelo sokuphepha esihlobene ne-anesthesia. |
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa nangemva kwalokho?
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa
Okwenzekayo kuzohluka kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa ozokwenza.
- Ukuhlinzwa nge-laser: Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela wamehlo. Uzocelwa ukuba uhlale esihlalweni, kuzofakwa amaconsi amehlo aqeda izinhlungu esweni lakho. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzofakwa ilensi ekhethekile esweni lakho bese kusetshenziswa i-laser ukuyelapha. Lokhu kuzothatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu.
- Ukuhlinzwa 'kokusika' (Trabeculectomy, Tube Shunt, MIGS): Lokhu kwenziwa egumbini lokuhlinza. Ungase unikezwe i-IV sedation noma i-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ngakho ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungathatha noma yikuphi kusukela kumaminithi angu-30 kuya ehoreni .
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, udokotela uzohlola ukucindezeleka kwamehlo akho.
- Ngemva kokuhlinzwa nge-laser, ungaya ekhaya emahoreni ambalwa.
- Ngemva kokuhlinzwa egumbini lokuhlinza, uzodinga umuntu ozokuhamba nawe. Ungase unikezwe i-eye patch.
- Isikhathi sokululama siyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa nge-laser, ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi evamile zingakapheli izinsuku. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuhlinzwa 'kokunqunywa', uzocelwa ukuba uyeke ukuphakamisa okunzima nokugoba amasonto ambalwa.
- Uzonikezwa amaconsi amehlo ukuze uwafake emehlweni akho. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nokusheshisa ukuphulukiswa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufaka la maconsi amehlo njengoba kuqondiswe, ngesikhathi esifanele.
- Uzocelwa ukuthi uze ukuzobonana nodokotela ezinsukwini nasemasontweni ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kubalulekile ukugcina lezi zikhathi.
Kujwayelekile ukuthi amehlo akho abe bomvu kancane, acwebezele izinyembezi, futhi angakhululeki ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kodwa lokho kufanele kuphele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Uma unalezi zimpawu, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Uma ubuyela ekhaya ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kubalulekile ukuqaphela noma yiziphi izinto eziyingozi ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingezansi, kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ucingo ngokushesha .
- Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu obungabekezeleleki .
- Uma umbono wakho uncipha ngokuzumayo noma uba lufifi.
- Uma amehlo eba bomvu kakhulu futhi ekhala izinyembezi.
- Uma uzwa isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza.
Lokhu akwenzeki njalo, kodwa uma kwenzeka, kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka noma olunye uhlobo lwenkinga futhi kudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-glaucoma akuyona into okufanele uyesabe. Kuyindlela yokwelapha ebaluleke kakhulu yokuvimba ukubona kwakho ukuthi kungaphinde kulahlekelwe.
- Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlinzwa olukulungele. Xoxa naye nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka onakho ngakho.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa amaconsi amehlo ngendlela efanele.
- Ungaphuthelwa ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Abalulekile ukuze kuqashwe ukuthi iso lakho liphola kanjani.
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu eziyingozi, njengobuhlungu obukhulu noma ukulahlekelwa umbono, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.
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