Cabanga ukuthi uye kudokotela ukuze uyohlolwa njalo. Udokotela ubeka i-stethoscope esifubeni sakho, akulalele ngokucophelela isikhashana, bese ethi, "Hmm... Ngizwa ukububula okuncane kwenhliziyo." Inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha, akunjalo? "Ukububula? Kuyini? Ingabe kuyisifo esibi?" Kuvamile ukuba kuvele imibuzo eminingi engqondweni. Nakuba abantu abaningi besaba leli gama, akuzona zonke ukububula kwenhliziyo eziyingozi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi, ake sixoxe ngokuningiliziwe, kalula, ngokuthi lokhu 'ukububula kwenhliziyo' kuyini, kungani kwenzeka, nokuthi yini okudingeka sikwazi ngakho.
Kuyini ngempela 'ukukhononda kwenhliziyo'?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi inhliziyo yethu isebenza kanjani. Inhliziyo ingumshini omangalisayo opompa igazi emizimbeni yethu yonke. Ngaphakathi kwale nhliziyo, kunezindawo ezine kanye 'nama-valve' amane asebenza njengeminyango phakathi kwawo. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho inhliziyo ishaya, la ma-valve ayavuleka futhi avaleke ngokulandelana. Ngale ndlela, igazi ligeleza ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela.
Uma udokotela elalele nge-stethoscope, inhliziyo enempilo izokwenza imisindo emibili ehlukile ethi "lub-dub". Lona umsindo wokuvala kwevalvu engikushilo.
Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphezu kwalomsindo othi "lub-dub", kuzwakala umsindo othi "whooshing" noma "swishing" . Kufana nokuthi uma uphonsa itshe emfudlaneni ohamba kancane, amanzi ayanyakaza kancane bese enza umsindo. Lowo msindo owengeziwe yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "Heart Murmur" kwezokwelapha.
Kalula nje, ukububula kwenhliziyo umsindo owengeziwe ozwakala ngenxa yokugeleza kwegazi okungavamile, okuguquguqukayo njengoba igazi ligeleza enhliziyweni.
Ungesabi ngoba nje uzwa lo msindo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokububula. Enye "ukububula okungenacala" okungenangozi futhi okungabangelwa yisifo. Enye "ukububula okungavamile" okubangelwa inkinga enhliziyweni.
Izinhlobo ze-Murmur kanye nokubaluleka kwazo
Uma udokotela ezwa umsindo wokububula, unaka ngokukhethekile ukuthi kwenzeka nini emjikelezweni wenhliziyo. Lokhu kubanika umbono oqondile wobunzima bawo.
| Uhlobo lokububula | Isikhathi sokuzwa | Ngokuvamile kusho ukuthini? |
|---|---|---|
| Ukukhononda kwe-Systolic | Lapho imisipha yenhliziyo ifinyela (lapho inhliziyo ipompa igazi) | Lezi yizona ezivame kakhulu. Esikhathini esiningi, zingaba msulwa. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, zingabangelwa inkinga ye-valve yenhliziyo. |
| Ukububula kwe-Diastolic | Lapho imisipha yenhliziyo iphumule (lapho inhliziyo igcwele igazi) | Lolu hlobo lokububula cishe luyisibonakaliso sesifo senhliziyo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuphenya ngalokhu kabanzi. |
| Ukububula Okuqhubekayo | Inhliziyo iyaqhubeka izwakala kokubili lapho ifinyela nalapho iphumula. | Lokhu kungabangelwa yinkinga efana nokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho. |
Ngaphezu kwalokhu kuhlukaniswa, udokotela ubuye acabangele umsindo womsindo. Uhlukaniswa kusukela ezingeni 1 kuya ku-6. Izinga 1 umsindo ongazwakala kuphela nge-stethoscope ngobunzima obukhulu futhi kuphela uma ulalelisisa kahle. Izinga 6 umsindo ozwakala kakhulu noma ngabe i-stethoscope ayicindezelwanga esifubeni, kodwa ibekwe kancane ngaphezu kwesikhumba.
Yini engabangela ukukhononda kwenhliziyo?
Kunezizathu ezahlukahlukene zokuthi kungani kungase kube nokububula. Ake sizihlukanise zibe izigaba ezimbili.
1. Ukububula Okungenacala
Lokhu akubangelwa yisifo senhliziyo. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi yize inhliziyo iphilile, kuzwakala umsindo owengeziwe ngenxa yesivinini esikhulu segazi eligeleza kuyo. Lezi zimo zivamile:
- Ebuntwaneni: Izingane eziningi ezincane zenza lokhu kukhononda okungenacala. Lokhu kuzonyamalala ngokwako njengoba zikhula.
- Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umthamo wegazi likamama uyakhuphuka, okwenza inhliziyo isebenze kanzima. Lokhu kungabangela ukugeleza kwegazi kwande futhi kuzwakale umsindo wokububula. Lokhu kuvame ukuphela ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana.
- Uma sizivocavoca: Uma sizivocavoca, ukushaya kwenhliziyo yethu kuyakhuphuka, ngakho-ke singase sizwe umsindo.
- Izimo ezinjengomkhuhlane noma i-anemia: Phakathi nalezi zikhathi, kungase kuzwakale umsindo wesikhashana ngoba inhliziyo isebenza ngokushesha.
2. Izizathu okufanele uziqaphele (Ukububula Okungavamile)
Lezi zinhlobo zokububula zenzeka ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo noma esinye isimo sezokwelapha. Ake sikuqonde kahle kusukela kuthebula elingezansi.
| Isimo | Incazelo elula | Ezinye izimpawu ezingaba khona |
|---|---|---|
| Isifo Se-Valve Yenhliziyo | Ukuvinjelwa kokugeleza kwegazi ngenxa yevalvu yenhliziyo engavuli kahle (i-valve stenosis) noma engavali kahle (i-valve regurgitation). | Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuvuvukala kweqakala, ukuquleka. |
| Izinkinga Zenhliziyo Ezizalwa Nazo | Ukuba khona kweziphambeko zesakhiwo ezifana nezimbobo ezindongeni zenhliziyo (iziphambeko ze-septal) lapho kuzalwa. | Ezinganeni ezincane, isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukukhula okukhuphukile, kanye nesivinini sokuphefumula esikhuphukayo. |
| I-Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | Ukuqina okungavamile kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Lokhu kungabangelwa izakhi zofuzo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma imijovo. | Ubuhlungu besifuba (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca), ukuphelelwa umoya, ukuquleka, ukuqina kwesifuba. |
| I-Endocarditis | Amagciwane anjengama-bacteria angena egazini futhi angene ethangeni elingaphakathi noma ema-valve enhliziyo. | Umkhuhlane oqhubekayo, ukubanda, ukukhathala okukhulu, kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba. |
| I-Hyperthyroidism | Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone amaningi yi-thyroid gland. | Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okwandayo, ukwehla kwesisindo, ukujuluka ngokweqile, nokungahlaliseki. |
Kuhlonzwa kanjani ukukhononda? Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?
Indlela eyinhloko yokubona ukukhononda ukuthi udokotela wakho alalele inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope. Ngaleso sikhathi, uzohlola ngokucophelela izinto ezifana nomsindo wokukhononda, ukuthi uzwakala kuphi, nokuthi nini.
Ukuze uqonde kangcono uhlobo lokukhala, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi wenze izinto ezahlukene.
- Ikutshela ukuthi uhlale, ume, noma ugobe phambili.
- Ungitshela ukuthi ngibambe umoya isikhashana.
- Ubatshela ukuthi baqinise izibhakela zabo futhi baziqinise.
Indlela umsindo wokukhala oshintsha ngayo uma wenza lezi zinto ingakunikeza izinkomba mayelana nembangela.
Uma udokotela enokungabaza ngokububula noma ecabanga ukuthi akujwayelekile, uzoncoma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kutholakale imbangela eqondile.
- I-Electrocardiogram (ECG): Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo futhi kusiza ukuthola noma yiziphi izinkinga ngesigqi senhliziyo.
- I-X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukuhlola izinto ezifana nokukhula kwenhliziyo kanye nokuqongelela koketshezi emaphashini.
- I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu nolunembile lokuthola imbangela yokububula. Lokhu kuskena kusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuthatha izithombe ezibukhoma zenhliziyo, okukuvumela ukuthi ubone konke kusukela endleleni ama-valve enhliziyo asebenza ngayo, kuya ekujiyeni kwemisipha yenhliziyo, kuya ekutheni inhliziyo ishaya kahle kangakanani.
Ingabe i-Murmur idinga ukwelashwa?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo incike embangela yokukhononda.
Ezimweni eziningi , ukukhononda okungenacala akudingi ukwelashwa. Kunyamalala ngokwako ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma kuhlale kungenangozi kukho konke ukuphila.
Kodwa-ke, uma ukukhononda kubangelwa yisifo se-valve yenhliziyo noma esinye isimo esibucayi, ukwelashwa kuyadingeka nakanjani.
- Imithi: Imithi inikezwa kuye ngembangela. Isibonelo, ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukulawula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi, noma uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka njenge-endocarditis, kunikezwa ama-antibiotic.
- Ukuhlinzwa:Uma ivalvu yenhliziyo yonakele kakhulu, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze ilungiswe (ukulungiswa kwamavalvu) noma ishintshwe ngevalvu entsha (ukufakwa esikhundleni samavalvu). Kuphinde kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwe nakho.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi udokotela okuxilongayo uzonquma ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu kuwe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yakhe ngqo.
Isikhathi sokuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyazi ukuthi unenhliziyo ekhalayo noma cha, ungazeyi noma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba obungazelelwe
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula
- Ukuquleka/Ukuxhuzula
- Ukushintsha kombala wezindebe noma isikhumba (i-Cyanosis)
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo (ukuzwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha noma ngokungajwayelekile)
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo. Ngakho-ke hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU) ngokushesha. Ukuchitha isikhathi kungenza inkinga ibe yimbi kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-'Heart Murmur' umsindo owengeziwe ozwakalayo lapho inhliziyo ishaya igazi. Akunasidingo sokukhathazeka uma uzwa lokhu.
- Ukukhononda okuningi, ikakhulukazi lokho okuzwiwa yizingane, kungokohlobo 'olungenacala', akubanga monakalo.
- Uma udokotela ethi une-murder, ungesabi, bese uthola izivivinyo ezidingekayo (ikakhulukazi ukuhlolwa kwe-echo) ukuze uthole imbangela eqondile.
- Nakuba ukukhononda okungenacala kungadingi ukwelashwa, ukukhononda okubangelwa yisimo sezokwelapha kufanele kuphathwe ngokwembangela.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinkulu njengobuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukuquleka, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Nakekela inhliziyo yakho. Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha kungabona izifo eziningi zenhliziyo kusenesikhathi.
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