Uma uzwa igama elithi HIV, cishe uzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile. Lokho kuyinto evamile. Kodwa esikhundleni sokwesaba nokufihla, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba nolwazi oluphelele nokunakekela impilo yakho. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-HIV kuyini, ukuthi ungakuthola kanjani, nokuthi kungani kubalulekile, ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda.
Ake siqale sibone, kuyini lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-HIV?
Kalula nje, ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kuhlola ukuthi unegciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) emzimbeni wakho. I-HIV iyigciwane elidluliselwa ngocansi. Leli gciwane lihlasela amasosha omzimba wethu, alwa nezifo. Khona-ke ikhono lemizimba yethu lokumelana nezifo liyancipha kancane kancane.
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi uma uthola i-HIV, nakanjani uzoba ne -AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) . Kodwa akunjalo. Ngisho noma uthelelekile nge-HIV, uma utholakale kusenesikhathi futhi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele, ungavimbela ukukhula kwe-AIDS. Ungaphila impilo enempilo nejwayelekile. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV. Lapho uthola ngokushesha ukuthi unesifo, kulapho ungaqala khona ukwelashwa ngokushesha futhi uqinise amasosha akho omzimba.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV kwamanje sekuthuthukile ngokwanele ukuthola leli gciwane ngokunembe kakhulu, ngakho ungayethemba imiphumela.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale i-HIV?
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa kokuhlola i-HIV. Lezi zivivinyo zingasebenzisa isampula yegazi lakho (kungaba umthambo noma ukuhlatshwa ngomunwe) noma isampula yoketshezi lwakho lomlomo. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Uhlobo lokuhlola | Ubonani kulokhu? | Amaphuzu abalulekile |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa kwe-Nucleic Acid (NAT) | Lokhu kuhlola ngqo ukuba khona kwegciwane (i-HIV RNA) egazini. Kungahlola nenani legciwane egazini (umthwalo wegciwane). | Lokhu ukuhlolwa okungasheshe kutholakale ukutheleleka. Kodwa kuyabiza kancane. Ngokuvamile akwenziwa kuqala. Kwenziwa uma kunezimpawu noma uma udinga ukuqinisekisa ukutheleleka. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwe-Antigen/Antibody | Esikhundleni segciwane, libheka izinto ezimbili ezihlobene negciwane. Elinye yi -antigen . Lena yingxenye yegciwane uqobo (p24) evuselela amasosha omzimba lapho igciwane lingena emzimbeni. Into yesibili yi -antibody . Lena yiprotheni ekhethekile eyenziwa umzimba wethu ukulwa negciwane. | Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa kuqala. Njengoba ama-antigen evela egazini ngaphambi kwama-antibodies, ukutheleleka kungatholakala kusenesikhathi. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwama-Antibody | Lokhu kuhlola kuphela ukuthi umzimba wethu unawo yini ama-antibodies alwa negciwane lesandulela ngculaza. | Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo okuningi kanye nama-kit asekhaya awela kulesi sigaba. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi ama-antibodies akheke, awabonakali izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemva kokutheleleka. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kokuqala kubonisa ukuthi une-HIV (positive), kuzodingeka nakanjani wenze ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze uqinisekise lokho.
Ubani okufanele ahlolwe i-HIV futhi nini?
Ngokwezincomo ze-World Health Organisation, wonke umuntu oneminyaka ephakathi kuka-15 no-65 kufanele ahlolelwe i-HIV okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe . Ngoba ukutheleleka nge-HIV kungaba nezimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kuyindlela kuphela yokwazi ukuthi unaleli gciwane. Kuphinde kukusize ekuvimbeleni ukudlulisela igciwane kwabanye ngokungazi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile nakulabo abasengozini enkulu, kunconywa ukuthi kuhlolwe njalo.
Ukuhlolwa njalo kwabantu abasengozini enkulu
I-HIV idluliselwa kakhulu ngokuxhumana ngokocansi nangokushintshana koketshezi lomzimba kanye negazi elinegciwane. Ngakho-ke, uma ungomunye wamaqembu alandelayo ayingozi, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhlolwa okungenani kanye ngonyaka .
- Uma ulala nomlingani onegciwane lesandulela ngculazi (ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izindlela zokuzivikela ezifana namakhondomu).
- Uma ungazi ngokuqinisekile ngesimo se-HIV somlingani wakho.
- Uma unabalingani bocansi abangaphezu koyedwa.
- Uma amadoda elala namadoda.
- Uma unesifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI) ngaphandle kwe-HIV (ngoba khona-ke ingozi yokutheleleka nge-HIV iphakeme).
- Uma wabelana ngezinaliti nabanye ukuze ujove izidakamizwa.
Kungcono ukucela iseluleko kudokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kufanele uhlolwe kangaki ngokusekelwe engcupheni yakho.
Khumbula ikakhulukazi: Uma uke wahlukunyezwa ngokocansi nganoma iyiphi indlela, bona udokotela ngokushesha bese ukhuluma ngokwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) . Lolu uchungechunge lwemithi enikezwa ukuvimbela i-HIV uma kukhona okusolakala ukuthi uke wabhekana nayo. Kodwa ukuze lokhu kwelashwa kusebenze kahle, kumele kuqalwe zingakapheli amahora angu-72 kusukela kwenzeke lesi sigameko.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uhlolwe i-HIV ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-HIV ingadluliselwa kusuka kumama iye enganeni esibelethweni, ngesikhathi sokubeletha, noma ngokuncelisa. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlolwe ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Uma kutholakala i-HIV, ukwelashwa kungaqalwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi ingane ingavinjelwa cishe ngokuphelele ekudluliseleni igciwane kumama.
Ngingakutholaphi ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV eSri Lanka?
Uma ufuna ukuhlolwa i-HIV, kunezindawo eziningana eSri Lanka ongakwenza lokho.
- Izibhedlela zikahulumeni kanye nemitholampilo: Ungabuza ngalokhu esibhedlela sikahulumeni noma emtholampilo oseduze nawe.
- Imitholampilo Kazwelonke Yohlelo Lokulawula Izifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi/Ingculazi (i-NSACP): Le mitholampilo, etholakala emazingeni esifunda kulo lonke elaseSri Lanka, inikeza izinsizakalo zokuhlola i-HIV kanye nokwelulekwa mahhala futhi okuyimfihlo .
- Izibhedlela ezizimele kanye nama-laboratory: Ezinye izibhedlela ezizimele nazo zingenza lokhu kuhlolwa ngemali ethile.
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ake sifunde "ngeNkathi Yefasitela"
Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abangayiqondi ngokugcwele, kodwa kubalulekile ukukwazi. I-HIV ayikwazi ukutholwa ngokuhlolwa ngokushesha nje lapho ingena emzimbeni. Kuthatha isikhathi esithile ukuthi igciwane lifinyelele ezingeni elibonakalayo. Isikhathi esiphakathi kosuku ovezwe ngalo igciwane kanye nosuku elingatholakala ngalo ngokuhlolwa yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "isikhathi sokungafinyeleli kwegciwane."
Uma uhlola phakathi naleli windi, umphumela ungase ubuye "njengomubi" noma ngabe uthelelekile ngegciwane. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uhlola ngesikhathi esifanele.
| Uhlobo lokuhlola | Kungatholakala ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokutheleleka? (isikhathi sokutheleleka) |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa kwe-Nucleic acid (NAT) | Phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-10 nezingama-33 ngemva kokuchayeka. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwe-Antigen/Antibody | Uma igazi lithathwa emthanjeni, liphakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-18 no-45 . Uma uthatha igazi ngomunwe, kuzothatha izinsuku eziphakathi kuka-18 no-90 . |
| Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody (ukuhlolwa okusheshayo) | Phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-23 nezingu-90 ngemva kokuchayeka. |
Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uhlola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kwesigameko esiyingozi bese sibuya sithi "Akunangqondo," akulona iqiniso eliphelele. Uma unokungabaza, kuphephile ukuhlola futhi ngemva kokuba isikhathi esifanele sesidlulile ukuqinisekisa.
Ake sithole imiphumela ngemva kokuhlolwa.
Umphumela wokuhlolwa ungaba "ongemuhle" noma "ohle".
Uma umphumela uthi "Ongemuhle"...
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa akubonanga ukuthi kukhona igciwane lesandulela ngculaza emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungasho izinto ezimbili:
1. Awunalo igciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
2. Njengoba uhlolwe ngaphakathi kwesikhathi sokuhlolwa, awekho amagciwane anele emzimbeni ukuze atholakale.
Ngakho-ke, uma usenokungabaza, hlola futhi ngemva kokudlula kwesikhathi sokuhlolwa, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili.
Ngisho noma umphumela ungemuhle, kusabalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela ku-HIV esikhathini esizayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuzivikela ezifana namakhondomu nokugwema ukuziphatha kocansi okuyingozi. Uma useqenjini elisengozini enkulu,Khuluma nodokotela wakho nge -PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) , iphilisi lansuku zonke elivimbela ukutheleleka nge-HIV.
Uma umphumela uthi "Muhle"...
Okokuqala, ungesabi . Umphumela omuhle awusona ukuphela kwempilo yakho. Kusho ukuthi unegciwane lesandulela ngculazi emzimbeni wakho. Kodwa udinga ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo ezimbalwa ukuqinisekisa lokhu.
Uma ukutheleleka kwakho nge-HIV kuqinisekisiwe, udokotela wakho uzokuqala ngohlelo lokwelashwa. Le mithi, ebizwa ngokuthi i-antiretroviral therapy (ART), ingalawula igciwane emzimbeni wakho, iqinise amasosha omzimba wakho, futhi ikunike ithuba lokuphila impilo ende nenempilo.
Izindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla zithuthuke kakhulu kangangokuthi igciwane egazini lomuntu othatha umuthi lingancishiswa kuze kube yilapho lingatholakali khona, ngisho nasezivivinyweni. Ingozi yokudlulisela igciwane kusuka komunye umuntu iye komunye icishe ibe yi-zero.
Kungumthwalo wakho futhi ukwazisa umlingani wakho wocansi ngalokhu bese naye ehlolwa. Udokotela wakho nabeluleki bazokunikeza isiqondiso esidingekayo kanye nokusekelwa kwengqondo kukho konke lokhu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV akuyona into okufanele uyesabe. Kuyisinyathelo esihle okufanele usithathe ukuze unakekele impilo yakho.
- Kubalulekile ukuthi wonke umuntu oneminyaka ephakathi kuka-15 no-65 ahlolelwe i-HIV okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe. Uma usengozini, hlolelwa njalo.
- Uma i-HIV itholakala kusenesikhathi, amathuba okwelashwa kanye nokuphila okunempilo ayanda.
- Qiniseka ukuthi unaka "isikhathi sokuhlola" lapho ubhala isivivinyo. Uma ungabaza, hlola futhi ngemva kokuba isikhathi sokuhlola sesidlulile.
- Ukuba ne-HIV akusikho ukuphela kwempilo yakho. Ngezindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe zanamuhla, ungaphila impilo evamile, enempilo, nende.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngalokhu, zizwe ukhululekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
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