Cabanga ngomzimba wakho wonke njengomuzi omkhulu, omatasa. Khona-ke inhliziyo iyithangi lamanzi eliyinhloko kulowo muzi. Kusukela kuleli thangi, kumele kube nepayipi elikhulu, elinamandla lokuthwala amanzi kuyo yonke indlu kanye nemigwaqo edolobheni, akunjalo? Yileyo ndlela umthambo wegazi oyinhloko emzimbeni wethu, othwala igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke, eliyiyo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-aorta. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngengxenye yokuqala nebaluleke kakhulu yaleli payipi elikhulu, i-aorta, exhunywe enhliziyweni uqobo. Leyo yi-aorta ekhuphukayo.
Kalula nje, iyini i-ascensing aorta?
Kalula nje, i-ascending aorta yingxenye yokuqala ye-aorta, umthambo wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu. Lapho inhliziyo isebenza njengepompo futhi ipompa igazi, igazi liqala ukungena kule ascending aorta. Lifana nengxenye yokuqala yepayipi eliyinhloko eliphuma ethangini lamanzi. Le ngxenye iqala enhliziyweni bese iya phezulu. Igama elithi "aorta" lisho "ukukhuphuka". Ngakho ungathola umbono wendawo yayo kuleli gama.
Kusuka kule ngxenye lapho i-aortic arch yakheka khona bese ihamba iye phansi njenge-deepseeping aorta. Okusho ukuthi, i-ascending aorta iyisiqalo salesi simiso esiyinhloko semithambo yegazi esihlinzeka ngegazi kuwo wonke umzimba.
Lokhu kunanzuzoni emizimbeni yethu?
Indima ye-aorta ekhuphukayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Cabanga nje, inhliziyo yethu inezindawo ezine eziyinhloko. Kulezi, i-ventricle yesobunxele yileyo epompa igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke.
Ngakho-ke, igazi elimpontshwa yile ventricle yesobunxele liqala lingene ku-aorta ekhuphukayo. Ukusuka lapho, zonke izitho zomzimba, wonke amaseli, kusukela ebuchosheni kuya ezinzwaneni, zithola umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba ezizidingayo ukuze ziphile.
Futhi kukhona okunye okukhethekile. Inhliziyo, epompa igazi emzimbeni wonke, nayo idinga igazi ukuze isebenze, akunjalo? Imithambo yegazi emibili eyinhloko ehlinzeka ngegazi emisipheni yenhliziyo, imithambo yenhliziyo, nayo iqala kule ascensing aorta. Ngakho-ke, kusobala kulokhu ukuthi ascensing aorta iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu enikeza impilo enhliziyweni kanye nasemzimbeni wonke.
Ngamafuphi, i-ascensing aorta iyindawo yokuqala yombhobho oyinhloko ohlinzeka ngegazi emizimbeni yethu. Uma kukhona ngisho nesici esincane kakhulu kulokhu, lonke uhlelo lungathinteka.
Kukuphi lokhu? Kubukeka kanjani?
I-aorta ekhuphukayo itholakala ngaphakathi kwesifuba sethu, ngaphezu kwe-ventricle yesobunxele ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo. Ngokuqondile, itholakala ngemuva kwethambo eliyisicaba phakathi kwesifuba sethu, i-sternum.
Ngokubukeka, yonke i-aorta ibunjwe kancane njengenduku. Impande yale nduku, okungukuthi, ingxenye eqala enhliziyweni futhi iqonde phezulu, yi-aorta ekhuphukayo. Bese kuba nokugoba endukwini njengesibambo, esikubiza ngokuthi i-aortic arch. Bese kuba yingxenye ehlayo njengengxenye ende yenduku yi-aorta ehlayo.
I-ascensing aorta yomuntu omdala onempilo ivame ukuba ngamasentimitha angu-5-8 ubude (cishe amasentimitha angu-2-3) kanye nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angu-3-4. Kancane kancane iba mncane njengoba yehla.
Izingxenye ze-aorta ekhuphukayo kanye nezendlalelo zodonga lwayo
Lo mthambo wegazi obalulekile uhlukana ube yizingxenye eziningana ezincane. Futhi njenganoma yimuphi umthambo wegazi, lo unodonga olwakhiwe ngezingqimba eziningana. Ake sibheke lokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.
| Ingxenye / Isendlalelo | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-aorta ekhuphukayo | |
| Umsuka we-Aortic | Lena yingxenye yokuqala yenhliziyo exhunywe nenhliziyo uqobo lwayo. I- valve ye-aorta, esebenza njengomnyango wegazi elidlula kuwo lisuka kwi-ventricle yesobunxele yenhliziyo liye kwi-aorta, itholakala kule ngxenye. Imithambo emibili yenhliziyo ehambisa igazi emisipheni yenhliziyo nayo iqala lapha. |
| I-Tubular Ascending Aorta | Lena yingxenye efana nethubhu eqala empandeni yomthambo omkhulu iye egoqweni lomthambo omkhulu. Awekho amanye amagatsha aqhamuka kule ngxenye. |
| Izendlalelo ezintathu zodonga lwemithambo yegazi | |
| I-Tunica Intima | Lolu ungqimba olubushelelezi ngaphakathi kodonga oluthinta igazi. |
| Imidiya | Lolu ungqimba oluphakathi. Luqukethe imicu enwebekayo. Lolu ungqimba lusiza imithambo yegazi ukuthi ikhule futhi inciphe lapho inhliziyo ishaya. Lolu ungqimba lungaba buthaka njengoba siguga. |
| I-Adventitia | Lolu ungqimba olungaphandle oluvikelayo. Luqukethe imithambo yegazi emincane. |
Yiziphi izifo ezithinta i-ascensing aorta?
Kunezimo eziningana ezingathinta lo mthambo wegazi obaluleke kakhulu. Ezinye zazo zingaba yingozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuziqaphela.
| Ukugula | Kuchazwe kalula |
|---|---|
| I-Aneurysm ye-Aortic | Lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu nesiyingozi kakhulu. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi indawo ebuthakathaka odongeni lwe-aorta iqhuma njengebhaluni. Lokhu kungabangelwa izinto ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukubhema, kanye nezici zofuzo. Lokhu kuqhuma kuyingozi ngoba kungadabula izingqimba zodonga (i-Aortic Dissection) noma kuqhume ngokuphelele (i-Rupture) . Uma lokho kwenzeka, kungabangela ukopha okukhulu emzimbeni futhi kube yingozi ngisho nokuphila. |
| I-Aortic Valve Stenosis | I-aortic valve ifana nomnyango. Uma lo mnyango ungavuli kahle futhi uba mncane, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima kunokujwayelekile ukuze ikhiphe igazi. Kufana nokuzama ukufaka isihlalo esikhulu ngomnyango omncane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungabangela ukuba imisipha yenhliziyo ikhule. |
| Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Aortic Valve | Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi i-aortic valve ayivali ngokuphelele. Kufana nokuthi umnyango uvuleke kancane esikhundleni sokuvala kahle. Bese kuthi elinye igazi elipompiwe liphinde lingene e-ventricle yesobunxele yenhliziyo. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inhliziyo iphoqe igazi eliningi kunalokho okufanele, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhliziyo ingaba buthakathaka. |
| I-Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV) | Ngokuvamile, i-aortic valve inama-flaps amathathu. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bazalwa nama-flaps amabili kuphela. Lesi simo singabangela ukuthi i-valve inciphe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma ivumele igazi ligeleze emuva. Abantu abanalesi simo nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-aneurysm. |
| Izifo Zezicubu Ezixhumeneyo | Izimo zofuzo ezifana neMarfan Syndrome kanye neLoeys- Dietz Syndrome zenza buthaka izicubu zomzimba ezixhumeneyo. Ngenxa yokuthi izindonga ze-aorta zakhiwe yilezi zicubu, abantu abanalezi zimo basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola izinkinga ze-aorta. |
| Izinkinga Zokuvuvukala | Izifo ezifana ne- giant cell arteritis zingabangela ukuvuvukala odongeni lomthambo omkhulu, okuwenza ube buthaka. |
Ngakho-ke singawugcina kanjani lo mthambo omkhulu uphilile?
Izinto ezifanayo esizenzayo ukugcina izinhliziyo zethu nemithambo yegazi ziphilile nazo zibalulekile empilweni ye-ascensing aorta. Asikho isidingo sokwenza noma yini ekhethekile ngalokhu. Into eyinhloko ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo.
- Ukudla okunempilo: Yidla ukudla okunosawoti omncane, i-cholesterol, namafutha agcwele, futhi okucebile ngemifino, izithelo, namakhambi.
- Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile: Zivocavoce njengokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, okungenani izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto.
- Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema kuwumonakalo omkhulu kakhulu ongawenza emithanjeni yakho yegazi. Yeka ukubhema namuhla.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Ukuphuza utshwala kungabangela umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ngakho-ke lawula lokho.
- Ukulawulwa komfutho wegazi kanye ne-cholesterol: Uma une-high blood pressure noma amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol, landela imiyalelo kanye nemithi enikezwa udokotela wakho ngokucophelela.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Uma udokotela esekutholile kakade ukuthi unesifo se-ascensing aorta noma esinye isifo senhliziyo, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha noma uma izimpawu zakho ezikhona ziba zimbi kakhulu.
Futhi, njengoba izimpawu ezilandelayo zingase zibe izimpawu zokuqhuma kwe-aneurysm, uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi kwalokhu, kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
| Isimo Esiphuthumayo! - Yiya ku-ETU ngokushesha! | |
|---|---|
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
| Ubuhlungu obukhulu, obungazelelwe besifuba noma obungaphezulu komhlane | Ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki obuzwakala njengokugwazwa noma ukudabuka ngommese. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Ukuphelelwa umoya ngokuzumayo. |
| Ukuzungeza noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi | Ukuzumeka okukhulu okungazelelwe noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi nokuwa. |
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo | Ukuzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha okukhulu. |
Uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo senhliziyo noma isifo se-aorta, noma uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela yokunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola izinkinga nge-ascending aorta. Eziningi zalezi zingozi zingalawulwa ngokuhlolwa okufanele kanye nendlela yokuphila enempilo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-aorta ekhuphukayo iyingxenye yokuqala nebaluleke kakhulu yomthambo wegazi oyinhloko nomkhulu kunayo yonke eqala enhliziyweni yethu.
- Le ngxenye ihlinzeka ngegazi enhliziyweni, kanye nasemzimbeni wonke.
- Izimo ezifana ne-aortic aneurysms zingaba yingozi kakhulu futhi zingaba yingozi empilweni uma ziqhuma.
- Ungavikela i-aorta yakho ngemikhuba enempilo njengokudla okunempilo, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu obukhulu besifuba obungazelelwe, ubuhlungu bomhlane, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, kubheke njengesimo esiphuthumayo bese uya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
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