Sonke siyizwile indaba "yamanzi agcwalisa ikhanda lakho." Mhlawumbe ukusho lokhu njengehlaya, noma mhlawumbe ukuzwile kothile wesaba. Empeleni lokhu akulona ihlaya, lesi yisimo esichazwa ngokwezokwelapha. Lokhu kubangelwa uhlobo olukhethekile loketshezi oluqongelela ebuchosheni ngaphezu kwalokho okufanele. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe kalula nangendlela enobungane ngokuthi iyini i-Hydrocephalus, ukuthi kungani yenzeka, yiziphi izimpawu, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha. Ungesabi, ake siqonde konke ngalokhu ngokucacile.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Hydrocephalus?
Igama elithi hydrocephalus livela olimini lwesiGreki. Igama elithi "Hydro" lisho "amanzi" kanti elithi "Cephalus" lisho "ikhanda." Ngakho incazelo elula ithi "ukugcwalisa ikhanda ngamanzi." Kodwa lapha, amanzi agcwalisa ikhanda akuwona lawo esiwaphuzayo.
Ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla kuzungezwe uketshezi olukhethekile olusebenza njengesivikeli sokushaqeka emotweni. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) . Luwuketshezi olucacile, olungenambala. Lolu ketshezi lwe-CSF lunemisebenzi eminingana eyinhloko:
- Ukuphepha: Lolu ketshezi lugcina ubuchopho bethu buphephile futhi buvikelekile ngaphakathi kwekhanda, njengeqanda esitsheni samanzi.
- Ukudla Okunomsoco: Lolu ketshezi luphinde lusize ekuhlinzekeni ubuchopho ngezakhamzimba ezidingayo.
- Ukususwa kwemfucuza: Lokhu kusiza futhi ukususa imfucuza emangqamuzaneni obuchopho bese kuyibuyisela egazini.
Cabanga ukuthi ubuchopho bethu bunohlelo olufana nethangi lamanzi endlini yethu. Lolu ketshezi lwe-CSF luyakhiqizwa, luhamba ngamakamelo abizwa ngokuthi ama-ventricles ebuchosheni, bese luphinde lumuncwe egazini. Lokhu kuyinto eyenzeka njalo, njengomjikelezo. Inani elidingekayo ngosuku liyakhiqizwa, futhi inani elifanayo liphinde limuncwe umzimba.
Manje cabanga ngakho, kwenzekani uma kukhona ukuvinjelwa endaweni ethile kulo mjikelezo? Noma, kwenzekani uma inqubo yokumunca kabusha lolu ketshezi emzimbeni iba buthakathaka? Yilapho inkinga iqala khona. Uketshezi lwe-CSF luqala ukuqongelela ngaphakathi kobuchopho. Njengoba uketshezi luqongelela ngale ndlela, ama-ventricle akhula kancane kancane. Lokhu kwandisa ukucindezeleka ngaphakathi kwekhanda. Lokhu kucindezela ngokweqile kungalimaza ubuchopho futhi kuphazamise ukusebenza okuvamile kobuchopho. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Hydrocephalus.
Ubani ongathola lesi simo?
I-Hydrocephalus ayigcini eqenjini elithile leminyaka. Ingavela kubantu banoma yimuphi ubudala.
- Izinsana Ezisanda Kuzalwa: Ezinye izingane zizalwa zinalesi simo. Ngokwezibalo, ingane eyodwa noma ezimbili kweziyi-1,000 ezizalwayo zingase zibe nalesi simo.
- Izingane ezincane kanye nabantu abasha:Lokhu kungabangelwa nawukutheleleka kobuchopho noma ingozi ngemva kokuzalwa.
- Abantu abadala: Abanye abantu bangaba nalesi simo njengoba bekhula. Sibizwa ngokuthi i-Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH). Sizoxoxa ngalokho kafushane.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-hydrocephalus?
Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zalesi sifo. Zihlukaniswa ngokwendlela ezikhula ngayo. Nakuba amagama odokotela abawasebenzisayo ngalokhu eyinkimbinkimbi kancane, masiwaqonde kalula.
| Uhlobo | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuxhumana nge-Hydrocephalus | Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi ngemva kokuba uketshezi lwe-CSF luphume kuma-ventricle obuchopho, kuba nenkinga yokumuncwa kwalo libuyele egazini. Ukunyakaza koketshezi phakathi kwama-ventricle kuhle, yingakho kubizwa ngokuthi 'Ukuxhumana'. Kufana namanzi aphuma emapayipini, kodwa amanzi awamuncwa emhlabathini. |
| I-Hydrocephalus Engaxhumani (i-Hydrocephalus Evimbelayo) | Lokhu kwenzeka lapho imisele eyodwa noma ngaphezulu emincane exhumanisa ama-ventricle obuchopho ivalekile. Kufana nodaka olubhajwe epayipini lamanzi. Khona-ke uketshezi lwe-CSF alukwazi ukugeleza kulo bese luqoqana endaweni eyodwa. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi 'Obstructive'. |
| Ingcindezi Ejwayelekile ye-Hydrocephalus (NPH) | Lesi yisimo esivame ukwenzeka kubantu abadala. Nalapha futhi, uketshezi lwe-CSF luyaqoqana ebuchosheni futhi amakamelo aba makhudlwana. Kodwa ngokumangazayo, ingcindezi engaphakathi kwekhanda ayikhuphuki kakhulu. Yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi 'Ingcindezi Ejwayelekile'. Izimpawu zivela kancane kancane, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. |
| I-Hydrocephalus Ex-Vacuo | Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izicubu zobuchopho zonakele, njengokulimala okukhulu ekhanda noma isifo sohlangothi. Uketshezi lwe-CSF luyanqwabelana ukuze lugcwalise isikhala esishiywe yizingxenye zobuchopho ezonakele nezinciphile. Nalapha futhi, ingcindezi ngokuvamile ayikhuphuki. |
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa igama elithi Ventriculomegaly . Lokhu kubhekisela ekukhuleni kwama-ventricle ebuchosheni bomntwana ngesikhathi esesesibelethweni. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa ye-hydrocephalus noma ezinye izimbangela.
Ziyini izimbangela ze-hydrocephalus?
Izimbangela ze-hydrocephalus zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: izimbangela zokuzalwa kanye nezimbangela zangemuva kokuzalwa.
Izimbangela zokuzalwa (i-Congenital Hydrocephalus)
Lokhu kuyimiphumela yokuhlanganiswa kwezici zofuzo kanye nezemvelo njengoba ingane ikhula esibelethweni.
- Ukukhubazeka Kwe-Neural Tube: Izinkinga zomgogodla nobuchopho, njenge -Spine Bifida .
- I-Aqueductal Stenosis: Ukuncipha kwendlela ephakathi kwe-ventricle yesithathu neyesine yobuchopho.
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Uma umntwana ezalwa ngaphambi kosuku lokuzalwa, izinkinga ezifana nokopha ebuchosheni zingavela.
- Ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Uma umama ethola ukutheleleka okufana ne -Rubella ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kungathinta izicubu zobuchopho bomntwana futhi kubangele ukuvuvukala.
Izimbangela Zakamuva (I-Hydrocephalus Etholakale)
Lokhu kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi empilweni, ngemva kokuzalwa.
- Ukulimala Ekhanda: Ukushaywa kanzima ekhanda noma ingozi.
- Isifo sohlangothi: Ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni.
- Izimila ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni.
- I-Meningitis: Ukutheleleka kobuchopho noma umgogodla.
Ngezinye izikhathi, i-Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) ingenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo? (Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngobudala!)
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izimpawu ze-hydrocephalus ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngeminyaka. Zingahluka futhi kuye ngokuthi lesi sifo sesithuthuke kangakanani nokuthi umzimba womuntu ngamunye ubhekana kanjani nalesi ngcindezi.
Ake sibone ukuthi lezi zici zithinta kanjani amaqembu eminyaka ahlukene kuthebula elingezansi.
| Iqembu lobudala | Izimpawu ezivamile |
|---|---|
| Izinsana (Izinsana) |
|
| Izingane Ezindala | |
| Abantu abadala | |
| Abantu Abadala (NPH) |
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo ngokunembile?
Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezinye zezimpawu ezingenhla, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubonana nodokotela ofanelekayo ngokushesha. Uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezinzwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa, kungacelwa ukuhlolwa okulandelayo:
- Ukuhlolwa Kokuthwebula Ubuchopho: Lokhu kungabona ngokucacile ubukhulu be-ventricles ngaphakathi kobuchopho nokuthi uketshezi lwe-CSF luqongelelene yini.
- I-Ultrasound Scan: Njengoba ugebhezi lwezingane ezincane lungavaliwe, lokhu kungabonakala kalula ngaphakathi kobuchopho.
- Iskeni se-CT (Computerized Tomography):Ukuthola izithombe zobuchopho ezihlanganisa izingxenye ezahlukene kusetshenziswa imisebe ye-X.
- I-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Scan: Ithola izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane zobuchopho kusetshenziswa insimu yamagnetic.
- Ezinye izivivinyo (zabantu abadala):
- Ukubhoboza Umgogodla (Ukubhoboza I-Lumbar): Inqubo lapho kufakwa khona inaliti encane kakhulu emgudwini womgogodla ukuze kuthathwe isampula yoketshezi lwe-CSF. Lokhu kungalinganisa nomfutho we-CSF.
- Ukuqapha Ukucindezeleka Kwangaphakathi Kwekhanda (ICP): Kufakwa inzwa encane ekhanda bese isetshenziselwa ukuqapha izinguquko zokucindezeleka ngaphakathi kobuchopho ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-hydrocephalus?
Okokuqala, khumbula lokhu ngokucacile. I-Hydrocephalus akuyona inkinga engelapheka ngokuthatha imithi. Uma ingelashwa, ingaba yingozi empilweni. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele yizona kuphela izindlela zokuthola ukululama okuhle.
Njengamanje, ukwelashwa kwalesi simo kuphela ukuhlinzwa . Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlinzwa ezisetshenziswayo.
1. Indawo Yokubeka I-Shunt
Lolu uhlobo lokwelapha oluvame kakhulu. I -shunt iyipayipi elithambile neliguquguqukayo. Kulokhu kuhlinzwa, ingxenye eyodwa yepayipi ifakwa e-ventricle ebuchosheni lapho uketshezi lwe-CSF luqoqana khona. Ingxenye enye yepayipi ifakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ngokuvamile ingene emgodini wesisu. Uketshezi lwe-CSF olwengeziwe oluqongelela ebuchosheni bese ludlula kule payipi lungene emgodini wesisu. Lapho, uketshezi luphinde lumuncwe egazini lomzimba. Lokhu kufana 'nepayipi lokukhipha amanzi' elengeziwe elisuka ebuchosheni liye esiswini.
2. I-Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV)
Lokhu kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa ehlukile kancane. Kuhilela ukwenza imbobo encane kakhulu phansi kwe-ventricle yesithathu yobuchopho. Lokhu kuvumela i-CSF ukuthi idlule indlela evinjiwe bese igeleza ngendlela entsha. Kufana nokudala indlela yokudlula umgwaqo omatasa. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvame ukuba ngcono kakhulu ezinganeni ezingaphezu kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala kanye nabanye abantu abadala.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngemva kokwelashwa?
Iningi labantu liphila impilo evamile ngemva kokuhlinzwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kungavela izinkinga. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlala uxhumana nodokotela futhi uye emitholampilo ngesikhathi.
- Izinkinga ezingaba khona nge-shunt: Ngenxa yokuthi i-shunt iyithuluzi elisebenza ngomshini, ingaphuka, ivaleke, noma itheleleke. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kungase kudingeke olunye ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe noma kushintshwe.
- Izinkinga ngokuhlinzwa kwe-ETV: Imbobo edalwe ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwe-ETV ingaphinde ivaleke noma nini.
Ngakho-ke, uma wena noma ingane yakho nike nahlushwa yi-shunt noma i-ETV, qaphela kakhulu ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo. Uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi kwalokhu, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye esibhedlela.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, noma ukuhlanza futhi.
- Ukukhubazeka kokubona.
- Ukukhathala ngokweqile noma ukozela.
- Ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ubuhlungu endleleni ye-shunt (ngaphansi kwesikhumba).
- Umkhuhlane ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Ubuhlungu emisipheni yentamo noma yamahlombe.
- Ukuquleka.
Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka yini ukuphila impilo evamile ngalesi sifo?
Yebo, ngokuqinisekile kungakwenza lokho!
Ngokuhlinzwa okufanele kanye nokubhekwa njalo kwezokwelapha, iningi labantu abane-hydrocephalus liphila impilo evamile nejabulisayo. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lwesimo kanye nezimo ezenzeka ngemva kokuhlinzwa zingahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu.
Ikakhulukazi uma ingane inalesi simo, singaba nomthelela ekukhuleni komzimba nengqondo kwengane. Ngakho-ke, njengomzali, kubalulekile ukuthi usebenzisane eduze kakhulu nodokotela wakho. Ukunikeza ingane i-physiotherapy edingekayo kanye nokwelashwa kokukhuluma kungasekela kakhulu intuthuko yengane.
Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile uma uthola ukuthi umuntu omthandayo une-Hydrocephalus. Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa. Udokotela wakho kanye nethimba lezempilo bakhona ukukunikeza iseluleko nokusekelwa okudingayo. Ngemfundo efanele kanye nendlela ehlelwe kahle, othandekayo wakho angafinyelela nephupho lakhe lokuphila impilo evamile nejabulisayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hydrocephalus, noma "amanzi ekhanda," iwukunqwabelana okungavamile koketshezi lomgogodla (CSF) ebuchosheni. Nakuba lesi kuyisimo esesabekayo, esingelapheka, futhi siyisimo esingelapheka .
- Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngeminyaka. Qaphela kakhulu izimpawu ezifana namakhanda amakhulu ngokungavamile kanye nokuvuvuka kwamasende ezinganeni ezincane.
- Ukwelashwa kwalokhu kuphela ukuhlinzwa (i-Shunt noma i-ETV). Akunakwelashwa ngemithi.
- Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha nokuya emitholampilo ngesikhathi . Hlala uqaphele ukusebenza kwe-shunt.
- Ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokulandelela, abantu abaningi abane-hydrocephalus bangaphila impilo evamile negcwele .
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