Ingabe izinga lakho le-calcium egazini liphezulu? Ake sixoxe nge-Hypercalcemia ngamagama alula!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ukhathele, unesihlungu somzimba, noma uhlala womile? Ungase ucabange ukuthi lezi yizinto ezivamile. Kodwa lezi zingaba futhi izimpawu zamazinga aphezulu e-calcium egazini lakho. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-hypercalcemia kwezokwelapha. Ungakhathazeki, lokhu ngokuvamile akuyona inkinga enkulu. Ake sixoxe ngakho konke ngendlela elula necacile.

Kalula nje, kuyini i-Hypercalcemia?

I-Hypercalcemia yilapho une-calcium eningi egazini lakho kunokujwayelekile. Ngezinye izikhathi ingaba phezulu kancane, ngezinye izikhathi ingaba phezulu kakhulu. Futhi, kwabanye abantu iyinto yesikhashana bese iyanyamalala, kanti kwabanye ingaba impilo yonke.

Manje ungase ucabange ukuthi, i-calcium ilungele amathambo, ngakho-ke kwenzekani uma i-calcium egazini iyanda? Yiqiniso, iningi le-calcium emizimbeni yethu lisemathanjeni ethu. Kodwa, kumelwe ukuthi kukhona ne-calcium egazini. Uyazi ukuthi kungani?

• Ukuze isimiso sethu sezinzwa sisebenze kahle: I-calcium ibalulekile ekudluliseni imiyalezo ngemizwa.
• Ukusebenza kwemisipha: I-calcium isiza imisipha yethu ukuthi ifinyele futhi iphumule, okusho ukuthi siyanyakaza.
• Ukujiya kwegazi: Uma kukhona ukulimala endaweni ethile futhi igazi ligeleza, i-calcium iyadingeka ukuze kuvinjwe ukujiya kwegazi.
• Ukusebenza kwenhliziyo: I-calcium idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni inhliziyo yethu ishaya kahle.

Ngenxa yokuthi yenza izinto eziningi ezibalulekile, umzimba wethu ulawula ngokucophelela izinga le-calcium egazini lethu. Ama-hormone amabili asiza kulokhu. Yi -hormone ye-parathyroid kanye ne -calcitonin . Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-vitamin D nayo ibalulekile ukuze umzimba umunce i-calcium ekudleni esikudlayo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Hypercalcemia ne-Hypocalcemia?

La magama amabili azwakala efana kancane, akunjalo? Kodwa anezincazelo ezihluke ngokuphelele. Kwezokwelapha, igama elithi "Hyper" lisho "okuningi kakhulu." Igama elithi "Hypo" lisho "okuncane kakhulu." Ngakho umehluko phakathi kwala magama amabili ulula kakhulu.

Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi athole lesi simo?

I-Hypercalcemia ingenzeka kunoma yimuphi ubudala, kunoma ubani. Kodwa-ke, ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50 , ikakhulukazi ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Ngokuvamile, ibangelwa yindlala ye-parathyroid esebenza ngokweqile, esikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi kuka-1% no-2% wabantu bonke banalesi simo. Kulaba, ama-90% abikwa njenge-hypercalcemia ebangelwa inkinga ngezindlala ze-parathyroid (i-primary hyperparathyroidism) noma isimo somdlavuza.

Ingabe i-hypercalcemia isongela ukuphila?

Kodwa-ke, uma amazinga e-calcium eba phezulu kakhulu (i-hypercalcemia enzima), kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu. Esimweni esinjalo, kudingeka usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Esimweni esinjalo esinzima, okulandelayo kungenzeka:

• Ukwehluleka kwezinso
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Arrhythmia)
• Ukudideka
• I-Coma

Ngakho-ke, nakuba lokhu ngokuvamile kungekubi kangako, akusona isimo okufanele sithathwe kalula.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Hypercalcemia?

Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, abantu abaningi bangase bangabi nazo izimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma amazinga abo e-calcium ekhuphuke kancane. Kodwa-ke, uma amazinga e-calcium ekhuphuke kakhulu noma uma isimo siqhubeka isikhathi eside, kungase kube nezimpawu ezilandelayo.

Kungani i-calcium egazini ikhuphuka kanje? Ziyini izimbangela?

Kunezimbangela eziningi ze-hypercalcemia. Ezinye izifo, imithi, kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni konke kungaba nomthelela kukho. Kodwa izimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko yizindlala ze-parathyroid ezisebenza ngokweqile kanye nomdlavuza.

1. Inkinga ye-Parathyroid gland (i-Primary Hyperparathyroidism)

Ake sithi kunabaphathi abane abancane emzimbeni wethu abalawula izinga le-calcium. Lawa ma-gland amane e-parathyroid atholakala entanyeni yethu, ngemuva kwe-thyroid gland. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukukhiqiza i-parathyroid hormone (PTH), elawula izinga le-calcium egazini. Uma eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yala ma-gland iqala ukusebenza kakhulu ngesizathu esithile, i-calcium eningi kakhulu iqoqana egazini. Lena imbangela eyinhloko ye-hypercalcemia.

2. Umdlavuza

Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza nazo zingabangela amazinga aphezulu e-calcium egazini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hypercalcemia ye-malignancy. I-Hypercalcemia ebangelwa umdlavuza ivame ukufika ngokushesha futhi ingaba yingozi kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingabangela lokhu yilezi:

• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Umdlavuza webele
• I-myeloma eminingi, umdlavuza wamaseli amhlophe egazi
• Umdlavuza weseli lezinso
• I-Leukemia kanye ne-Lymphoma
• I-Rhabdomyosarcoma

3. Eminye imithi

Lesi simo singabangelwa nayimithi ethile namavithamini esiwaphuzayo.

• I-Thiazide diuretics: Amanye ama-diuretics (isb., i-Hydrochlorothiazide) asetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokugcinwa koketshezi emzimbeni.
• I-Lithium: Umuthi osetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezithile zengqondo.
• Amavithamini ne-calcium: Ukuthatha i-vitamin D eningi kakhulu, i-vitamin A, noma izithasiselo ze-calcium.
• Ama-antacid: Ukuthatha amaphilisi amaningi e-calcium carbonate (njenge-Tums® noma i-Rolaids®) esivame ukuwasebenzisa njengesilungulela kungakhuphula amazinga e-calcium okwesikhashana.

4. Ezinye izizathu

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izizathu eziningana ezingavamile.

• Izifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-sarcoidosis kanye nesifo sofuba.
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso.
• I-Hyperthyroidism (i-Thyrotoxicosis).
• Ukuvalelwa embhedeni isikhathi eside.
• Izifo ezihlobene namathambo njengesifo se-Paget sethambo.

Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo?

Kuvame ukutholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile okwenziwa ngesinye isizathu. Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) noma i-Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) nakho kulinganisa amazinga e-calcium egazini. Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.

Udokotela wakho uzonquma ubucayi besimo ngokusekelwe ezingeni le-calcium egazini lakho.

Uma izinga lakho le-calcium egazini liphezulu, udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga, akubuze ngemithi yakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni. Uma kungatholakali imbangela ecacile, ungathunyelwa kudokotela we-endocrinologist.

Kungenzeka ukuthi kungenziwa ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ukuze kutholakale imbangela eqondile.

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlola amazinga e-parathyroid hormone (PTH).
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga e-vitamin D.
• Ukuhlolwa okuhlola izinga le-calcium emchameni.
• I-ultrasound noma i-CT scan ukuhlola isimila noma ukuvuvukala kwezindlala ze-parathyroid.

Iphathwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypercalcemia kuncike embangela kanye nobunzima besimo.

Ezimweni ezithambile

Uma amazinga akho e-calcium ephakeme kancane, udokotela wakho angase akucebise ukuthi:

• Phuza amanzi amaningi: Lokhu kunciphisa ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni futhi kusiza ekususeni i-calcium eningi ngomchamo.
• Ukushintsha imithi: Uma uthatha imithi yohlobo lwe-thiazide yomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ungase ucelwe ukuthi ushintshele komunye umuthi esikhundleni salokho.
• Ukuyeka izithasiselo: Yeka ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-calcium noma i-vitamin D, amaphilisi okunciphisa i-acid aqukethe i-calcium, noma wehlise umthamo.

Ukwelashwa ngokwembangela

• Uma kunenkinga ngezindlala ze-parathyroid: Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu ukwenza ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe indlala noma izindlala ezisebenza ngokweqile.
• Uma lesi simo sibangelwa umdlavuza: Imithi efana ne-bisphosphonates noma i-denosumab inganikezwa.

Ezimweni ezinzima

Kodwa-ke, uma amazinga akho e-calcium ephezulu kakhulu futhi izimpawu zakho zinzima, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukukungenisa esibhedlela futhi akunike uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (i-IV fluids) kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Lokhu kunganciphisa amazinga akho e-calcium ngokushesha futhi kuvimbele izinkinga.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yalesi simo?

Izinkinga zesikhathi eside azivamile ngoba lesi simo sivame ukutholakala kusenesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, uma singelashwa isikhathi eside, izinkinga ezilandelayo zingavela:

• Ukufakwa kwe-calcium ezinso (Nephrocalcinosis) kanye nokusebenza kwezinso okungasebenzi kahle.
• Amatshe ezinso.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension).
• Ukucindezeleka.
• I-Osteoporosis kanye nokuphuka kwamathambo kalula.

Ingabe kungavinjelwa? Kufanele ngibone nini udokotela?

Akuzona zonke izimo ze-hypercalcemia ezingavinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho,Kuwukuhlakanipha ukugwema ukuthatha amaphilisi e-calcium, amavithamini, kanye nemithi yokunciphisa i-acid equkethe i-calcium ngokungadingekile.

Uma kufanele ubonane nodokotela:

• Uma kukhona emndenini wakho onomlando wamazinga aphezulu e-calcium, isifo se-parathyroid, noma amatshe ezinso, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
• Uma unezinye zezimpawu esixoxe ngazo kulesi sihloko (njengokoma ngokweqile, ukuchama njalo, ubuhlungu bomzimba, isicanucanu), bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile uma usanda kutholwa unesimo. Kodwa khumbula, i-hypercalcemia yisimo esingelapheka. Uma amazinga akho e-calcium ebuyela esimweni esijwayelekile, izimpawu zakho zizophela. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo ngalokhu.