Uma abantu abaningi ezweni lethu bethi 'umkhuhlane', bacabanga ngomkhuhlane. Lomkhuhlane, owenza umzimba ube buhlungu ngokuzumayo, ubangele ikhala eligobhozayo, futhi ukwenze uhlale embhedeni izinsuku eziningi, kuyinto cishe wonke umuntu ayizondayo. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kuwo ukuthola umuthi wokugoma. Kodwa uma kukhulunywa ngokuthola umjovo, hhayi izingane kuphela kodwa nabantu abadala bayasaba kancane, akunjalo? Isixazululo salokho yi-Intranasal Influenza Vaccine, enikezwa ekhaleni. Kulokhu, akukho inalithi, kodwa umuthi ufafazwa ekhaleni. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe.
Uyini lo muthi wokugoma?
Kalula nje, lo umuthi wokugomela okuvikela emkhuhlaneni. Kodwa ngokungafani nomjovo owuthola engalweni yakho, lo uketshezi oluphuma ekhaleni lakho. Igama lomkhiqizo elidumile lalo ngu-`(FluMist)`.
Lokhu kuhilela ukufafaza igciwane lomkhuhlane eliphilayo elinciphile ekhaleni lakho. Lapho igciwane elibuthakathaka limuncwa ulwelwesi lwekhala lakho, amasosha omzimba wakho aqala ukulwa nalo. Kufana nokuzijwayeza impi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma igciwane lomkhuhlane langempela, elinamandla lingena emzimbeni wakho kamuva, umzimba wakho usuvele ulungele ukulwa nalo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lo muthi wokugomela ngeke ukugulise nge-influenza. Futhi, uvikela kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa zegciwane le-influenza elifanele lowo nyaka. Awuvikeli kwezinye izifo, njengomkhuhlane ovamile.
Izinto okudingeka uzitshele udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthola lo muthi wokugomela
Lo mjovo awufanele wonke umuntu. Ngakho-ke, uma unezinye zezimo ezilandelayo, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthola umjovo.
| Isimo okufanele sibikwe | Kungani kunjalo? (Kalula nje) |
|---|---|
| Uma une-asthma noma uphefumula kanzima. | Lo muthi wokugomela ungase ubangele ukwanda kokucindezeleka kokuphefumula. |
| Uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka (isib. i-HIV, umdlavuza, ukusetshenziswa kwama-steroid). | Ngisho negciwane elibuthakathaka lingabangela izinkinga kumuntu onesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka. |
| Uma uke waba nesifo sezinzwa ngaphambilini njenge-Guillain-Barre syndrome. | Gwema ithuba elincane kakhulu lokuthi umuthi wokugoma ungathinta uhlelo lwezinzwa. |
| Uma ingane engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18 ithatha i-aspirin noma imithi efanayo. | Ukuhlanganiswa kwegciwane lomkhuhlane kanye ne-aspirin kungabangela isimo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Reye's Syndrome. |
| Uma une-allergy enkulu ezintweni ezifana namaqanda, i-gelatin, noma i-gentamicin. | Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kweminye imigomo, okungabangela ukungezwani komzimba. |
| Uma ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, noma uncelisa. | Kulezi zimo, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho ngokuphepha kwalo mjovo bese unquma. |
Ugonywa kanjani futhi unikezwa bani?
Lo muthi wokugoma unikezwa uchwepheshe wezempilo, njengodokotela noma umhlengikazi oqeqeshiwe. Bafutha umuthi emakhaleni akho womabili ngedivayisi encane. Akuyona into oyithatha ngomlomo.
Ubani ofanele lokhu?
Lo muthi wokugomela uvame ukunconywa kubantu abanempilo abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-2 no-49 .
- Izingane ezincane: Khuluma nodokotela wezingane uma unikeza ingane yakho lokhu. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kungafaneleki ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala kanye nezingane ezinezimo ezifana ne-asthma.
- Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-49 ubudala: Lo muthi wokugoma ngokuvamile awuvunyelwe kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-49 ubudala.
Kuthiwani uma kukhona ukudlula ngokweqile?
Njengoba lokhu kunikezwa esibhedlela noma emtholampilo, amathuba okusebenzisa ngokweqile aphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma usola ukuthi kukhona okwenzekile, iya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ngokushesha. Noma shayela i-National Poisons Information Centre e-Colombo National Hospital ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Yimiphi eminye imithi engasebenzisana nalo muthi wokugomela?
Eminye imithi oyithathayo ingathinta ukusebenza kahle kwalo muthi wokugomela. Ngakho-ke tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, okuhlanganisa imithi kadokotela, imithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, imithi yamakhambi, amavithamini, nokuningi.
Ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zemithi engabangela izinkinga yilezi:
- Imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba (isib. imithi yokulwa nomdlavuza, imithi enikezwa abantu abake bafakelwa izitho zomzimba, ama-steroid njenge-prednisone)
- I-aspirini kanye nemithi efanayo
- Eminye imithi yokulwa namagciwane elapha umkhuhlane
- Imithi ethile efana ne-anakinra
- Eminye imithi yokugoma (eminye imithi yokugoma ingadinga isikhathi esithile ukuze ihlukaniswe)
Izinto okufanele uziqaphele ngemva kokugonywa
Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kusebenzisa igciwane eliphilayo, kodwa elibuthakathaka, usengalichitha endaweni ezungezile cishe izinsuku eziyi-7 ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugomela. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi umuntu ophilile agule ngenxa yalo.
Kodwa-ke, uma unesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka kakhulu (isibonelo, iziguli ezinomdlavuza, abantu abathola ukufakelwa umnkantsha, noma abantu abanesifo sokuntuleka okukhulu kwamasosha omzimba), gwema ukuxhumana nabo eduze isonto lonke ngemuva kokugonywa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngisho negciwane elibuthakathaka olikhiphayo lingabathinta. Buza udokotela wakho ngolwazi olwengeziwe ngalokhu.
Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona?
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi wokugoma, lo ungadala imiphumela emibi emincane. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu akukubi kakhulu futhi kuzophela ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.
| Umphumela ongemuhle | Okufanele ngikwenze? |
|---|---|
| Imiphumela emibi kakhulu okufanele ibikwe kudokotela ngokushesha | |
| Ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba (ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala kobuso, izindebe, ulimi) | Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela | Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. |
| Uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso olungaphili noma olugobile, ubuthakathaka obungavamile bemisipha | Yazisa udokotela ngokushesha. |
| Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-degrees F angu-102 (38.9 C) | Yazisa udokotela ngokushesha. |
| Izinto ezingavamile ukuba zimbi kakhulu, kodwa okufanele zibikwe kudokotela uma ziqhubeka | |
| Ikhala elibandayo, eligcwele | Lokhu kuvamile kakhulu futhi kuzophela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu bomzimba | Kujwayelekile. Uma kuyinkinga, tshela udokotela wakho . |
| Umphimbo obuhlungu, ukukhwehlela, ukuzizwa ungaphilile | Lokhu kuvame ukuphela zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane wamakhala uyindlela engenanaliti yokuvikela umkhuhlane.
- Lokhu ngokuvamile kufaneleka kubantu abanempilo ephakathi kweminyaka emi-2 nengama-49. Abesifazane abakhulelwe, abantu abanezivikelo zomzimba ezibuthakathaka, kanye nalabo abanezinye izimo zezokwelapha kufanele nakanjani bakhulume nodokotela wabo ngaphambi kokuthatha lokhu.
- Ungakhohlwa ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke eminye imithi oyithathayo.
- Njengoba lokhu kusebenzisa igciwane elibuthakathaka neliphilayo, gwema ukuba seduze nabantu abanamandla okuzivikela omzimba aphansi kakhulu isonto lonke ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugomela.
- Imiphumela emibi emincane njengomkhuhlane noma ikhanda elibuhlungu ivamile. Kodwa-ke, uma ubhekene nobunzima bokuphefumula noma ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Ngenxa yokuthi igciwane lomkhuhlane liyashintsha minyaka yonke, kubalulekile ukugonywa minyaka yonke ukuze uthole isivikelo esingcono kakhulu.
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