Sonke sinokwesaba okuncane kokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo njengoba sikhula, akunjalo? Ikakhulukazi uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nesifo esifana ne -Alzheimer 's, umbuzo othi 'Ingabe nami ngizosithola?' ungase ube sengqondweni yakho. Izakhi zethu zofuzo zikuthinta kanjani lokhu? Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana okunamandla phakathi kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile ezibizwa ngokuthi i-APOE4 nesifo se-Alzheimer's kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokhu, ukuthi kukuthinta yini wena, nokuthi yini esingayenza ngakho.
Iyini ngempela le gene ebizwa ngokuthi i-APOE4?
Kalula nje, i-APOE iyisakhi sofuzo emzimbeni wethu. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuthutha amafutha , njenge-cholesterol, phakathi kwamaseli ethu (ukuthutha amafutha). Cabanga ngamaseli emzimbeni wethu njengezindlu ezincane. Lezi zindlu zidinga amafutha ukuze zisebenze, ziwakhe, futhi zikhiqize amandla. Isakhi sofuzo se-APOE sifana 'nesevisi yokulethwa' eletha la mafutha ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamaseli. Uma lo msebenzi ungasebenzi kahle, kungavela izinkinga, ikakhulukazi emaseli obuchopho.
Ingabe wonke umuntu unalo leli jini le-APOE?
Yebo, sonke sinalo leli jini le-APOE emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa akufani. Kufana nokuthi, ngisho 'nesevisi yokulethwa' efanayo, abanye abasebenzi bahlakaniphe kakhulu, abanye bangabantu abavamile, kanti abanye bavilapha kancane. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ake sibone ukuthi umehluko uyini.
| Uhlobo lwe-Gene | Kwenzekani (Umphumela) |
|---|---|
| I-APOE2 | Lolu uhlobo olungcono kakhulu . Uma unalo, ngeke ube nezinkinga eziningi kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwamafutha emzimbeni. Kuthiwa futhi lunikeza isivikelo esithile esifweni i-Alzheimer's. |
| I-APOE3 | Lolu uhlobo olujwayelekile . Abantu abaningi banalo. Akukho okuhle noma okubi okuhle. Akukhulisi ingozi futhi akunikezi sivikelo. |
| I-APOE4 | Lena inkinga . Ayiwenzi umsebenzi wayo wokuthutha amafutha ngendlela efanele. Ukuba nekhophi eyodwa noma ezimbili zalesi sakhi sofuzo kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola isifo i-Alzheimer's. |
Ucwaningo olusha luthini?
Sasivame ukucabanga ukuthi i-APOE4 yayimane nje 'iyisici esiyingozi' se-Alzheimer's. Okusho ukuthi, ukuba nayo akusho ukuthi uzoba nalesi sifo, kodwa kusho ukuthi amathuba aphezulu.
Kodwa lolu cwaningo olusha lusikisela ukuthi ukuba namakhophi amabili esakhi sofuzo se-APOE4 akuyona nje into eyingozi, kungaba uhlobo lwesakhi sofuzo lwesifo i-Alzheimer's uqobo. Lokho kusho ukuthi abantu abanazo zombili izakhi zofuzo basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola lesi sifo. Futhi izimpawu zingaqala besebancane kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile siyazi ukuthi izakhi zofuzo ezibangela isifo i-Alzheimer's ziyi-`(APP)`, `(PSEN1)` kanye ne-`(PSEN2)`. Ziyivelakancane kakhulu. Kodwa lolu cwaningo lusondeze isakhi sofuzo i-APOE4 eduze kwazo. Bathole ukuthi abantu abangu-95% abanamakhophi amabili e-APOE4 banamazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-`(beta amyloid)`, iphrotheni eyingozi ehlotshaniswa nesifo i-Alzheimer's, ebuchosheni lapho beneminyaka engu-65.
Ingabe ukuba ne-APOE4 gene kusho ukuthi nakanjani uzoba nesifo i-Alzheimer's?
Cha. Akuqinisekisiwe ngokuphelele. Kodwa ingozi iphezulu kakhulu. Kufana nokushayela imoto ngesivinini esikhulu futhi ukuba nengozi kwandisa amathuba akho okuba nengozi. Ngeke kwenzeke, kodwa kwandisa amathuba akho. Cishe u-2% wabantu banawo womabili amakhophi ejini le-APOE4. Phakathi kuka-15% no-25% banekhophi eyodwa.
Ngingahlola yini ukuze ngibone ukuthi nginalo yini lolu jini?
Yebo, kunezivivinyo zofuzo zalokhu. Kodwa lokhu akulona ukuhlolwa okuvame ukunqunywa udokotela wakho futhi kungenziwa kalula esibhedlela. Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu eSri Lanka. Ngisho nakwamanye amazwe, akuvamile ukumbozwa ngomshuwalense.
Lezi zivivinyo zingakhokhelwa ngezikhungo ezizimele. Ukuthi ukhetha ukwenza lokhu noma cha kuyisinqumo sakho siqu ngokuphelele. Uma amalungu amaningana omndeni wakho enesifo i-Alzheimer's, ungase ufune ukukhuluma nodokotela bese uthatha isinqumo ngalokhu.
Naphezu kwengozi, yini esingayenza ukuze sivimbele lesi sifo?
Nansi ingxenye ebalulekile. Asikwazi ukushintsha izakhi zofuzo zethu. Kodwa singalwa nengozi ehambisana nazo. Nakuba singenakukwazi ukubuyisela emuva lesi sifo uma sesikhule ngokugcwele, indlela yethu yokuphila ingasibambezela noma isivimbele ukuba singenzeki.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwakha ukuqina ebuchosheni. Cabanga ngobuchopho bakho njengesakhiwo esikhulu esakhiwe phezu kwezinsika. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-20, izinto esizenzayo zibhidliza lezi zinsika, noma sakha izinsika ezintsha futhi sizenze ziqine nakakhulu.
1. Ake siqale ngokudla okunempilo.
Izifundo zibonise ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ukudla okuvame kakhulu ezitshalweni kunganciphisa ingozi ye-Alzheimer's cishe ngo-50%. Lokho kusho ukudla okunemifino eminingi, izithelo, ubhontshisi, amantongomane, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele . Ukudla kwaseMedithera nakho kuyazuzisa.
2. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba akukhona nje ukuhamba.
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungenye ithuluzi elinamandla lokunciphisa ingozi. Kodwa ukuhamba nje engadini akwanele. Uhlobo lokuzivocavoca olukwenza ujuluke futhi uzizwe ukhathele ngokomzimba olusebenza ngempela ebuchosheni bakho. Ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla , njengokuphakamisa izinsimbi , kubaluleke kakhulu. Ucwaningo olulodwa lubonise ukuthi abantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo abenza izivivinyo zokuqinisa imilenze banciphise ingozi yabo yokuthola lesi sifo ngo-40%.
3. Vivinya ubuchopho bakho futhi
Ukuzivocavoca kwengqondo kubaluleke njengokuzivocavoca umzimba. Lokhu kuqinisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamangqamuzana abizwa ngokuthi ama-neurons ebuchosheni.
- Funda into entsha (ulimi, insimbi yomculo).
- Xazulula amaphazili, iSudoku, njll.
- Ngena ujule entweni oyithandayo.
- Bhekana nezinselele ezintsha.
Lokho okufanele wonke umuntu akwaziyo ngezakhi zofuzo, noma ngabe akazi
Isifo i-Alzheimer's asiqali ngesibonakaliso sokuqala sokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo. Izinguquko ze-pathological ebuchosheni ezibangelwa yilesi sifo empeleni ziqala eminyakeni engama-20-30 ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu zokuqala .
Lokho kusho ukuthi sonke esiseminyakeni yethu engama-30, engama-40, nengama-50 sidinga ukucabanga ngempilo yobuchopho bethu manje.
Khuluma nodokotela wakho futhi ufunde ngamazinga akho e-cholesterol, umfutho wegazi, kanye namanani okuhlolwa kwe-HbA1c, okubonisa isimo sakho sesifo sikashukela. Ukulawula lokhu kungenye yezindlela ezinkulu zokutshala imali ongayenza ekuvikeleni ubuchopho bakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-gene APOE4 iyisici esinamandla kakhulu esiyingozi sesifo i-Alzheimer's. Ukuba namakhophi amabili aso, ikakhulukazi, kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuthola lesi sifo.
- Nokho, akusona isiqinisekiso esingu-100%. Ngisho noma kukhona ingozi yofuzo, lesi sifo singalawulwa futhi sibambezeleke ngokwenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila.
- Ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca okunzima, kanye nemisebenzi yengqondo ephonsela ubuchopho inselele yizikhali zakho ezinamandla kakhulu.
- Ungalindi uze ukhule ukuze ucabange ngempilo yobuchopho. Qala usemncane.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nomfutho wegazi lakho, i-cholesterol, kanye namazinga kashukela bese uwagcina esezingeni elifanele.
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