Okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokwehluleka kwezinso

Izinso ziyisitho esincane kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Zifana nezihlungi ezimbili ezinkulu ezihlunga imfucuza emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa kwenzekani uma lezi zihlungi ezimbili ziyeka ukusebenza, kungaba kancane noma ngokuzumayo? Yilokho esikubiza ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi i-Kidney Failure. Kubaluleke kakhulu kithi sonke ukuba siqaphele lesi simo. Ngoba, uma siqaphela kusenesikhathi, singalawula umonakalo esingawubangela ngezinga elikhulu. Ngakho ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe.

Kalula nje, uyini umsebenzi walezi zinso?

Izinso zakho ziyizitho ezimbili ezimise okwebhontshisi ezilingana nesandla sakho. Zitholakala emhlane wakho, ngaphansi nje kwesikhala sezimbambo zakho. Iningi labantu linezinso ezimbili ezisebenzayo, kodwa uma inso eyodwa isebenza kahle, kwanele ukuphila impilo enempilo.

Izinso zinemisebenzi eminingi. Okubaluleke kakhulu futhi okubaluleke kakhulu kuzo ukuhlanza igazi lethu . Njengesihlungi samanzi ekhaya, izinso zihlunga yonke imfucuza engafuneki kanye nobuthi egazini lethu bese zikukhipha emzimbeni njengomchamo .

Cabanga ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani uma lesi sihlungi singaphuka. Yilokho okwenzekayo lapho izinso zakho zingasebenzi kahle. Ubuthi emzimbeni wakho buqala ukwakheka emzimbeni wakho esikhundleni sokukwazi ukuphuma. Uma lokho kwenzeka, uqala ukuzizwa ugula, futhi uma ungelashwa, kungaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bangalawula lesi simo futhi baphile impilo enhle.

Yiziphi izigaba ezinhlanu zesifo sezinso?

Kukhona isilinganiso esikhethekile esisetshenziswa odokotela ukukala ukuthi isifo sezinso sibi kangakanani. Sibizwa ngokuthi i-eGFR (isilinganiso sokuhlunga se-Glomerular esilinganisiwe) . Leli inani elitholakala ekuhlolweni kwegazi lakho. Kalula nje, leli nani le-eGFR likutshela ukuthi izinso zakho zihlunga kahle kangakanani imikhiqizo engcolile. Inani le-eGFR lomuntu ophilile lingaphezu kuka-90. Uma leli nani liphansi, izinso zakho zisebenza kancane.

Isifo sezinso singahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezinhlanu eziyinhloko.

Yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso eziyinhloko zokwehluleka kwezinso?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kungase kungabi khona zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukusebenza kwezinso kwehla, ungase ube nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ukuba ungenza noma yini (ukukhathala): Hhayi nje ukukhathala okuvamile, kodwa nomuzwa wokukhathala kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulala kangakanani.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza: Isicanucanu nokuhlanza kanye nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla.
• Ukudideka noma ubunzima bokugxila: Ubunzima bokugxila, ukukhohlwa izinto.
• Ukuvuvukala (i-edema): Ukuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi ezandleni, emaqakaleni, ezinyaweni nasebusweni. Kuzwakala sengathi kuyisicaba uma ucindezela ngomunwe.
• Ushintsho ekuvameni kokuchama: Ungase uqale ukuchama kakhulu noma kancane kunokujwayelekile. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uqaphele umchamo onegwebu noma onegazi.
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha: Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha emilenzeni nasezingalweni.
• Isikhumba esomile nesilumayo: Uma ubuthi bungasuswa kahle ezinso, isikhumba singaba soma futhi silumayo ngendlela engabekezeleleki.
• Isifiso Sokudla: Ungase uzizwe ungathandi ukudla, futhi ungase uqaphele ukunambitheka kwensimbi (njengensimbi) ekudleni okudlayo.

Ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi unesifo sezinso. Kodwa-ke, uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko .

Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko zokwehluleka kwezinso?

Ukwehluleka kwezinso kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala yi- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), ekhula kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi . Enye yi- Acute Kidney Injury, eyenzeka ngokuzumayo .

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona (CKD)

Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko ezenza abantu abaningi ezweni lethu babe nesifo sezinso.

1. Isifo Sikashukela: Isifo sikashukela esingalawulwayo senza amazinga kashukela egazini ahlale ephezulu. Loshukela omningi ulimaza imithambo yegazi ethambile ezinso, njengokugqwala okudla isidumbu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo monakalo unciphisa ikhono lezinso lokuhlunga igazi.

2. Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme: Umfutho wegazi ophakeme usho ukuthi igazi lihamba emithanjeni yegazi ngamandla amakhulu. Uma la mandla amakhulu eqhubeka, izicubu ezithambile zezinso ziyalimala. Lokhu futhi kuyimbangela enkulu yokwehluleka kwezinso.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko, kunezinye izizathu:

• Isifo Sezinso Esibizwa Nge-Polycystic (PKD): Lesi yisimo sofuzo esidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Kulesi simo, ama-cyst agcwele uketshezi (ama-cyst) akheka ngaphakathi kwezinso, okungalimaza izinso njengoba zikhula.
• Izifo ze-Glomerular: Lezi yizifo ezithinta amayunithi okuhlunga ezinso.
• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo: Ezifweni ezifana ne-lupus, amasosha ethu omzimba ahlasela futhi alimaze izinso.

Izimbangela zokwehluleka kwezinso okuphuthumayo

Lokhu kungenzeka ngokuzumayo, emahoreni ambalwa noma ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esiningi, lesi simo singesesikhashana futhi singelapheka ngokwelashwa okufanele.

• Imithi ethile: ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwezinhlungu zobuhlungu.
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kakhulu: Ukungangenisi amanzi anele emzimbeni.
• Ukuvaleka komgudu womchamo: Ukuvimba ukuhamba komchamo ngenxa yamatshe omchamo noma ezinye izimbangela.
• Ezinye izifo ezingalashwanga: Izifo ezimbi kakhulu njengesifo senhliziyo noma isifo sesibindi.

Ungasithola kanjani isifo sezinso?

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi unesifo sezinso, angenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo.

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kuhlola ikakhulukazi amazinga emfucuza efana ne-creatinine kanye ne-urea egazini. Uma izinso zingasebenzi kahle, amazinga azo ayanda egazini. Inani le-eGFR libalwa futhi kusukela kulokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Umchamo wakho uzohlolwa ukuthi awunayo yini iphrotheni noma igazi. Izinso eziphilile azivamile ukukhipha iphrotheni. Iphrotheni emchameni iyisibonakaliso sokuthi uhlelo lokuhlunga lwezinso lonakele.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: I-ultrasound scan, i-CT scan, noma i-MRI scan yezinso ingahlola usayizi, ukuma, kanye nokuba khona kwanoma yikuphi ukuvinjelwa noma izimila.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ukwehluleka kwezinso?

Ukwehluleka kwezinso kuyisimo esingelapheki, esihlala isikhathi eside. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukugcina ukusebenza kwezinso okusele isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka nokulawula ukuqhubeka kwesifo.

Izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi imbangela kanye nobunzima besifo.

Ukwelashwa ngemithi

Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana nale, kuye ngokuthi imbangela yesimo:

• Imithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi: Imithi efana ne-ACE inhibitors noma ama-ARB.
• Imithi yokukhipha amanzi emzimbeni: Imithi esiza ekususeni amanzi angaphezulu emzimbeni ngomchamo.
• Imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol (ama-Statins): Yehlisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
• Imithi yokwelapha i-anemia: Iziguli zezinso kungenzeka ukuthi zikhiqize amangqamuzana abomvu egazi kancane. Imithi esiza kulokhu.
• I-Vitamin D ne-calcium: Gcina amathambo eqinile.

Ukwelashwa lapho isifo sibi kakhulu

Uma isifo sezinso sesifinyelele esigabeni sokugcina (Isigaba V), kudingeka ukwelashwa okukhethekile ukuze sisinde. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha.

1. I-Dialysis:

Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa umshini ukuhlanza igazi esikhundleni sezinso ezingasebenzi kahle. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-dialysis:

• I-Hemodialysis: Kulokhu, igazi lakho lithunyelwa emshinini ohlunga ukungcola bese ubuyisela igazi elihlanzekile emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kuvame ukudinga ukuthi uye esibhedlela noma esikhungweni se-dialysis izinsuku ezintathu noma ezine ngesonto.
• I-Dialysis ye-Peritoneal:Lapha, kufakwa ipayipi (i-catheter) emgodini wakho wesisu bese kufakwa uketshezi olukhethekile ngalo. Lolu ketshezi lukhipha udoti egazini lakho emgodini wesisu. Bese uketshezi oluqukethe udoti lukhishwa. Lokhu kungenziwa ngezinye izikhathi ekhaya.

2. Ukufakelwa Kwezinso:

Lokhu kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha isifo sezinso esisesigabeni sokugcina. Kulokhu, inso enempilo ifakwa ngokuhlinzwa emzimbeni ukuze kufakwe inso eyonakele. Le nso enempilo ingatholakala kumnikeli oshonile noma kumnikeli ophilayo. Ngemva kokufakelwa izinso, umzimba kuzodingeka uthathe imithi impilo yawo yonke ukuvimbela ukuthi inso entsha ingalahlwa.

Ingabe isifo sezinso singavinjelwa futhi silawulwe?

Nakuba isifo sezinso singenakuqedwa ngokuphelele, izinga lokuqhubeka kwalesi sifo lingalawulwa kakhulu ngokwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo nokulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha esifanele.

• Uma unesifo sikashukela , gcina amazinga kashukela egazini lakho esezingeni elifanele .
• Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme , lawula kahle .
• Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele.
• Nciphisa ukudla okunosawoti omningi kanye ne-potassium. Xhumana nodokotela wakho noma isazi sokudla okunempilo ngalokhu.
• Ungaqhubeki nokusebenzisa imithi yokubulala izinhlungu (ama-NSAID) ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela.
• Gcina zonke izivivinyo kanye nama-aphoyintimenti anikezwe udokotela ngesikhathi.