Injani impilo yamaphaphu akho? Ake sifunde ngezivivinyo zomsebenzi wamaphaphu!

Unjani? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngento ebaluleke kakhulu ngamaphaphu ethu. Ingabe udokotela wakho wake wakucela ukuthi wenze 'ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu'? Noma ingabe uvame ukuba nobunzima bokuphefumula, njengokukhwehlela? Khona-ke le ndaba izoba ibaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kuyini, kungani kwenziwa, nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani kalula.

Okokuqala, ayini amaphaphu ethu?

Kulungile, ngaphambi kokuba sikhulume ngalezi zivivinyo, ake sizikhumbuze ukuthi amaphaphu ethu ayini nokuthi anikeza insizakalo enhle kangakanani emizimbeni yethu. Kalula nje, amaphaphu ayizitho ezimbili ezimangalisayo, ezifana nesiponji ohlangothini ngalunye lwesifuba sethu. Uma siphefumula, la maphaphu athatha umoya-mpilo ovela endaweni ezungezile bese ewufaka egazini lethu. Futhi, la maphaphu enza umsebenzi omuhle wokukhipha i-carbon dioxide engafuneki enqwabelana emizimbeni yethu emuva. Njengoba nje amaqabunga esihlahla enika impilo esihlahleni sonke, amaphaphu ethu nawo asinika umoya wokuphila. Uyaqonda?

Ngakho-ke, ziyini lezi zivivinyo zokusebenza kwamaphaphu?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi lezi zivivinyo zomsebenzi wamaphaphu zibizwa ngokuthi 'Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wamaphaphu - ama-LFT' noma ngezinye izikhathi 'Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wamaphaphu - ama-PFT'. Lezi zivivinyo zilinganisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani, ukuthi ungaphefumula kahle futhi kalula kangakanani. Cabanga ngakho 'njengokulungiswa' kwenjini yemoto ukuze ubone ukuthi isebenza kahle kangakanani, lokhu kuhlolwa kuvumela odokotela bethu ukuthola umbono omuhle 'wesimo' samaphaphu akho.

Kungani udokotela angakucela ukuthi wenze lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa?

Manje mhlawumbe ucabanga ukuthi, "Kungani udokotela wami engangicela ukuthi ngenze ukuhlolwa okunje?" Empeleni, kungaba nezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• Hlola ubunzima bokuphefumula: Ingabe ukhwehlela njalo? Ingabe unekhala eligobhozayo? Ingabe uzizwa uphelelwa umoya ngisho nalapho ukhuphuka izitebhisi ezimbalwa? Noma uzizwa sengathi isifuba sakho sinciphile noma senza umsindo wokuphefumula uma uphefumula? Uma kunjalo, lezi zivivinyo zingakusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela lokhu.
• Thola izifo zamaphaphu: Kunezifo ezithile ezithinta amaphaphu. Isibonelo, i-asthma , i-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu) (lesi yisifo samaphaphu sesikhathi eside esivame ukwenzeka kubantu ababhemayo), kanye ne -pulmonary fibrosis (i-Pulmonary Fibrosis) ziwusizo kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni , okungukuthi, ukuxilonga, izifo ezinjengalezi.
• Qapha isimo sesifo: Uma usuvele unesifo samaphaphu (isib. i-asthma), ingabe leso sifo sesilawulwa manje futhi ingabe imithi oyiphuzayo isebenza kahle?Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa njalo ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kubonakale ukuthi isimo siyathuthuka noma siyaba sibi kakhulu.
• Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okukhulu: Ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba wenze ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, lezi zivivinyo zenziwa futhi ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi amaphaphu akho azomelana yini nokuhlinzwa kanye ne-anesthesia.
• Hlola umonakalo wamaphaphu: Kukhona abantu abasebenza emisebenzini ethile lapho behlala bechayeke othulini namakhemikhali. Isibonelo, abantu abasebenza ezindaweni zokumba amatshe, emafektri e-asbestos, nasezitshalweni zamakhemikhali. Amaphaphu abantu abanjalo angonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuyasiza nasekuhloleni ukuthi umonakalo onjalo uke wenzeke yini.

Yiziphi izivivinyo zomsebenzi wamaphaphu ezivame kakhulu?

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene "Zokuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwamaphaphu". Phakathi kwazo, ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu nokuqala okwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-"Spirometry" . Ungase ukhumbule lokhu kukhulunywe ngakho ekuqaleni kwaleso sihloko.

Kuyini i-Spirometry?

Lokhu kuvame ukuba ukuhlolwa kokuqala okwenziwa ukuhlola amaphaphu akho, futhi kulula kakhulu. Kuhilela ukufaka umlomo wakho kudivayisi encane (ebizwa ngokuthi i-spirometer) bese ucela ukuthi uphefumule ngokujulile, bese ukhipha umoya ngokushesha nangokude ngangokunokwenzeka. Kufana nokucima wonke amakhandlela ekhekheni lokuzalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa!

Lolu vivinyo lwe-spirometry lulinganisa izinto eziningana, ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu kuzo yilezi:

1. I-FVC (Umthamo Obalulekile Ophoqelelwe): Lokhu kulinganisa inani eliphelele lomoya ongawuphefumula ngokujulile ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuphefumula okukodwa bese uwukhipha ngokushesha nangokuphelele ngangokunokwenzeka.

2. I-FEV1 (Umthamo Wokukhipha Umoya Ophoqelelwe ngomzuzwana owodwa): Lokhu kulinganisa inani lomoya ongawukhipha ngomzuzwana wokuqala uma ukhipha umoya ngokushesha njengoba kushiwo ngenhla.

Ngokubheka la manani amabili, i-`FVC` kanye ne-`FEV1` (kanye namanye amanani ambalwa), udokotela angathola umbono omuhle wokuthi amaphaphu akho aphilile kangakanani nokuthi kukhona yini ukuvaleka noma ukuvinjelwa emigudwini yakho yomoya (njengasesifubeni noma i-`COPD`). Isibonelo, umuntu one-`(Asthma)` angaba nenani le-`FEV1` eliphansi kunomuntu ophilile ojwayelekile.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabona idivayisi encane ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Peak Flow Meter". Ivame ukusetshenziswa abantu abane-asthma ukuqapha isimo sabo ekhaya. Iphinde ihilele ukufutha umoya. Iphinde inikeze umbono wokusebenza kwamaphaphu.

Zikhona yini ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlolwa?

Yebo, kunezinye izivivinyo ezikhethekile ngaphezu kwe-spirometry. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozidingayo lezi. Zenziwa kuphela uma udokotela ebona ukuthi kuyadingeka.

• Ukuhlolwa Komthamo Wamaphaphu:Lokhu kungalinganisa ngokunembile izinto njengokuthi ungakanani umoya amaphaphu akho angawubamba ngempela (i-Total Lung Capacity) nokuthi ungakanani umoya osele emaphashini akho ngemva kokuphefumula ngendlela evamile (i-Residual Volume). Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokukufaka ekamelweni elincane lengilazi (elibizwa ngokuthi i-body plethysmograph).
• Ukuhlolwa Kokusabalalisa Igesi (i-DLCO): Lolu luvivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu. Lulinganisa ukuthi umoya-mpilo owuphefumulayo umuncwa ngokushesha nangendlela ephumelelayo kangakanani egazini ngama-air sac amancane (i-alveoli) emaphashini. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi amaphaphu ashintshana umoya-mpilo kahle kangakanani.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokuzivocavoca Kwenhliziyo Namaphaphu: Lokhu kuhlolwa ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi amaphaphu akho, inhliziyo, kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi lusabela kanjani ekuzivocavoceni (isb., ukuhamba nge-treadmill noma ukugibela ibhayisikili) kanye nokubona ukuthi uphefumula kanzima yini.

Ingabe kukhona okudingeka ngikulungiselele ngaphambi kokwenza lolu vivinyo?

Yebo, kukhona ukulungiselela okuncane ngaphambi kokuya kulolu vivinyo. Udokotela wakho noma isibhedlela lapho kwenziwa khona ukuhlolwa sizokunikeza imiyalelo ecacile ngalokhu. Ngokuvamile, izinto ezinjengalezi zishiwo:

• Eminye imithi kungadingeka iyekwe isikhashana: Uma uthatha ama-inhaler, njengalawo e-asthma, noma amanye ama-bronchodilator, ungase ucelwe ukuthi uyeke ukuwathatha emahoreni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa (mhlawumbe emahoreni angu-4-6 noma angu-12). Kodwa khumbula, akufanele uyeke ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi yakho ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho akutshele ukuthi uyeke.
• Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Kufanele ugweme ukubhema ngokuphelele ngosuku lokuhlolwa futhi okungenani ihora noma amabili ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
• Ungadli ukudla okuningi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma isisu sakho sigcwele, amaphaphu akho azokhula ngokugcwele, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula ngokujulile.
• Ungagqoki izingubo eziqinile nezinciphile: Esikhundleni sezingubo eziqinile ezinciphile isifuba sakho futhi zenze kube nzima ukuphefumula, gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile nezikhululekile.
• Iziphuzo nokuzivocavoca okune-caffeine: Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ucelwe ukuthi ugweme ukuphuza iziphuzo ezine-caffeine, njengetiye nekhofi, kanye nokuzivocavoca okunzima amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Futhi, uma unesifo esifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma ukukhwehlela ngosuku lokuhlolwa, sicela wazise udokotela wakho noma ilebhu kusenesikhathi. Ukuhlolwa kungadingeka kuhlehliswe usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-spirometry?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela phakathi nalolu vivinyo lwe-spirometry. Akukho okufanele ukwesabe, ngoba lokhu akulona uvivinyo olubuhlungu.

1. Okokuqala, uzohlala esihlalweni ngokunethezeka.

2. Bese kufakwa i-clip encane (i-nose clip) ekhaleni lakho. Ibekwa ngendlela yokuthi uma uphefumula ngomlomo wakho, umoya ungaphumi ngekhala lakho. Bese kufanele uphefumule ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngomlomo wakho kuphela.

3. Ngemuva kwalokho, uchwepheshe noma umhlengikazi oqhuba ukuhlolwa uzokutshela ukuthi uvale izindebe zakho ngokuqinile eduze komlomo we-spirometer ukuze kungabikho moya ophumayo.

4. Okokuqala, uzocelwa ukuthi uphefumule kaningana ngendlela evamile.

5. Bese kuza ingxenye ebalulekile. Uchwepheshe uzokutshela ukuthi, "Phefumula kakhulu, gcwalisa amaphaphu akho ngangokunokwenzeka!" Ngemva kokwenza lokho, uzothi ngokushesha, "Manje phefumula ngokushesha futhi isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka! Phefumula! Phefumula! Bese uphefumula, kuze kube yilapho ithonsi lokugcina lomoya seliphelile!"

Cabanga ucima amakhandlela amaningi ekhekheni lokuzalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Noma uphefumula ibhaluni elikhulu ngokuphefumula kanye. Kufanele ukwenze ngangokunokwenzeka. Uzozizwa ukhathele kancane, mhlawumbe udidekile kancane, kodwa lokho kuvamile.

6. Uzocelwa ukuba wenze lokhu izikhathi eziningana (ngokuvamile okungenani kathathu, mhlawumbe ngaphezulu ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle kakhulu). Uzonikezwa ikhefu elifushane phakathi kwesikhathi ngasinye.

7. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngemva kwalokhu kuhlolwa, unikezwa i-bronchodilator (ngokuvamile ngesimo se-inhaler) bese ucelwa ukuthi uphinde uphefumule ngendlela efanayo imizuzu eyi-10-20. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Post-Bronchodilator Spirometry. Kukala ukuthi amaphaphu akho kanye nemigudu yomoya isabela kanjani emuthini nokuthi iyavuleka yini. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuxilongweni kwezimo ezifana ne-asthma.

Isivivinyo sonke sivame ukuthatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-45. Uchwepheshe owenza isivivinyo uzochaza konke kahle futhi akusize. Uma uzizwa ungakhululekile, ungesabi ukumtshela ngokushesha.

Yini esingayifunda emiphumeleni yalolu vivinyo?

Uma ukuhlolwa sekuqediwe, udokotela uzoqoqa yonke idatha evela kukho, njenge-`FVC`, amanani e-`FEV1`, amagrafu, njll., bese ekuchazela wona. Ungafunda izinto eziningi ezibalulekile kule miphumela:

• Ukuthi unesifo samaphaphu noma cha: Le miphumela isiza ekuboneni ukuthi unezifo ezahlukahlukene zamaphaphu ezifana `(Asthma)`, `(COPD)`, `(Pulmonary Fibrosis)`, kanye `(Bronchiectasis)`.
• Ukuthi lesi sifo sibi kangakanani: Uma unesifo samaphaphu, la manani asiza ekuhlukaniseni ukuthi sibi kangakanani (okungukuthi, sincane, siphakathi nendawo, sibi kakhulu).
• Hlukanisa lesi sifo (Esivimbelayo noma Esivimbelayo):Ezinye izifo zamaphaphu zihlukaniswe kakhulu zibe izinhlobo ezimbili. Esinye yizifo 'ezivimbelayo'. Lokhu yilapho imigudu yomoya ivinjiwe. Isibonelo, i-asthma, i-'COPD' ingabizwa ngokuthi. Esinye yizifo 'ezivimbelayo'. Lokhu yilapho amaphaphu engakwazi ukukhula ngokugcwele, okungukuthi, awakwazi ukukhula. Isibonelo, i-'pulmonary fibrosis'. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-spirometry kungathola ukuthi yiziphi kulezi zimo ezimbili onazo.
• Indlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo ekwelashweni: Uma usuvele uthatha imithi yesifo samaphaphu, lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa njalo ukuze kubonakale ukuthi isimo samaphaphu akho siyathuthuka noma siyathuthuka ngaleyo mithi.

Udokotela ngeke aqhathanise imiphumela yalolu vivinyo nezimpawu zakho, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, kanye nezinye izivivinyo okungenzeka zenziwe (isib., i-X-ray yesifuba) ukuze kufinyelelwe esiphethweni sokugcina. Ngakho-ke, uma unemibuzo noma ukungabaza ngemiphumela, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini.

Ingabe zikhona izinkinga noma izingozi ngalezi zivivinyo?

Lokhu kuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi i-spirometry, ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokuphephile kakhulu. Akuvezi zingozi ezinkulu nezingathi sína.

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nokungakhululeki okuncane ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokuhlolwa:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kancane, unesizungu: Uma uphefumula ngaleyo sivinini, ungase uzizwe ukhathele kancane, kanti abanye bangase bazizwe benesizungu noma benomoya ophansi. Lokhu kuzophela ngokwako ngemva kwesikhashana.
• Ukukhwehlela kungase kwenzeke: Abanye abantu bangase bakhwehlele kancane lapho bephefumula kakhulu futhi bekhipha umoya ngokushesha.
• Ukuqina okuncane esifubeni: Akuvamile ukuthi abanye abantu bazizwe beqinile noma beqinile esifubeni.
• Njengobuhlungu bekhanda: Akuvamile ukuthi abanye abantu babe nobuhlungu bekhanda obuncane ngemva kokuhlolwa.

Kodwa-ke, uma usanda kuba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kwesifuba, ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kwamehlo (njengokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract), umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongalawulwa, noma i-pneumothorax yakamuva, udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kufanelekile yini noma cha. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi unikeza udokotela wakho incazelo ephelele yempilo yakho kanye nanoma yimiphi imithi oyiphuzayo.

Ngakho-ke, ekugcineni, izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule

Kulungile, sesikhulume kakhulu ngokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi i-spirometry. Ngicabanga ukuthi usukuqonda kahle lokhu manje. Okokugcina, nazi izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu kungakutshela impilo yamaphaphu akho nokuthi asebenza kahle kangakanani.Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu, elula, engenabuhlungu futhi ephephile.
• Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ukuphefumula kanzima, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukuqina kwesifuba, ungacabangi nje ukuthi zizophela, kodwa nakanjani bonana nodokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko. Uma ebona ukuthi kuyadingeka, uzokuyala ukuba wenze lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa.
• I-Spirometry ukuhlolwa okwenziwa kakhulu futhi okufundisa kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokukwenza, landela imiyalelo kadokotela (mayelana nokuyeka imithi, ukudla, njll.) ngqo.
• Ungesabi lutho uma wenza isivivinyo. Kukhona ochwepheshe abanekhono abazokusiza futhi bachaze konke. Sizokusekela ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Uma uthola imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo ngokuphelele, ubuze noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uyayiqonda ngokugcwele.

Amaphaphu akho ayimpahla eyigugu ephefumulela impilo yakho. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwanakekela, ukuzama ukuwagcina ephilile, nokuhlolwa okudingekayo uma kudingeka. Ngikufisela impilo enhle njalo!

Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wamaphaphu , I-Spirometry, I-Asthma, I-COPD, Ukuphefumula, Impilo Yamaphaphu