Unjani namuhla? Sizoxoxa ngento ebalulekile ngamaphaphu akho. Ingabe udokotela wakho wake wakuncoma 'ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu'? Noma mhlawumbe ubelokhu ubhekene nokuphelelwa umoya okuqhubekayo noma ukukhwehlela okungapheli? Uma kunjalo, le ngxoxo ibaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Ake sichaze kahle ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kuyini, kungani kwenziwa, nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani, ngamazwi alula.
Okokuqala, ayini amaphaphu ethu?
Ngaphambi kokuba singene ezivivinyweni, ake sithathe isikhashana siqonde ukuthi ayini amaphaphu akho kanye nomsebenzi omangalisayo awenzayo emzimbeni wakho.Kalula nje, amaphaphu akho ayizitho ezimbili ezimangalisayo ezifana nesiponji ezitholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zesifuba sakho. Uma uphefumula, amaphaphu akho asebenza njengesango, ethatha umoya-mpilo ovela emoyeni bese ewuyisa egazini lakho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, enza umsebenzi obalulekile wokususa imfucuza ye-carbon dioxide emzimbeni wakho. Njengoba nje amaqabunga enikeza impilo esihlahleni, amaphaphu akho akunikeza umoya wokuphila obalulekile. Ingabe lokho kunengqondo?
Ngakho-ke, ziyini ngempela izivivinyo zomsebenzi wamaphaphu?
Ake sibheke kabanzi i-Lung Function Tests (LFTs), ngezinye izikhathi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs). Empeleni, lezi zivivinyo zilinganisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani—ikakhulukazi, ukuthi ungaphefumula futhi ukhiphe umoya ngempumelelo nangendlela ekhululekile kangakanani. Cabanga ngakho 'njengokulungiswa' kokuxilonga kwamaphaphu akho; njengoba nje umakhenika ehlola ukusebenza kahle kwenjini, lezi zivivinyo zinikeza udokotela wakho ukuhlolwa okucacile kwempilo yamaphaphu akho yamanje.
Kungani udokotela wakho encome lolu vivinyo?
Ungase uzibuze ukuthi kungani udokotela wakho waseNirogi Lanka eyale lokhu kuhlolwa. Kunezizathu eziningana ezibalulekile zalokhu kuhlolwa:
- Ukuphenya ubunzima bokuphefumula: Uma uhlangabezana nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukukhathala ngesikhathi somsebenzi olula (njengokukhuphuka izitebhisi), noma umuzwa wokuqina kwesifuba nokuphefumula, lezi zivivinyo zisiza ekutholeni imbangela eyisisekelo.
- Ukuxilonga izimo zamaphaphu: Lokhu kuhlolwa kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni noma ekuxilongeni izimo ezingamahlalakhona njenge -Asthma , i-COPD (Isifo Esingamahlalakhona Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu) — esivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokubhema—kanye ne -Pulmonary Fibrosis .
- Ukuqapha ukuqhubeka kwesifo: Uma usuvele unesifo samaphaphu esitholakale sikhona, lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lusebenza kahle futhi kubonakale ukuthi isimo sakho sizinzile, siyathuthuka, noma siya siba sibi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuhlinzwa: Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okukhulu, lokhu kuhlolwa kusisiza ukuthi sihlole ukuthi amaphaphu akho aqine ngokwanele yini ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwenqubo kanye nemiphumela yokubulala izinzwa.
- Ukuhlola umonakalo emsebenzini: Uma umsebenzi wakho uhilela ukuchayeka njalo othulini, kumakhemikhali, noma ezintweni ezifana ne-asbestos (isb., ezimayini noma ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali), sisebenzisa lezi zivivinyo ukuhlola umonakalo ongase ube khona wamaphaphu wesikhathi eside.
Yiziphi Izivivinyo Zokusebenza Kwamaphaphu Ezivame Kakhulu?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-LFTs, kodwa evame kakhulu—futhi ngokuvamile isinyathelo sokuqala—yi -Spirometry .
Kuyini i-Spirometry?
I-Spirometry iwukuhlolwa okulula, okungangenisi umswakama. Uzocelwa ukuthi uvale izindebe zakho eduze komlomo oxhunywe kudivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i- Spirometer . Ngemva kokuphefumula ngokujulile, uzocelwa ukuthi ukhiphe umoya ngamandla nangokuphelele ngangokunokwenzeka— cabanga ukuthi uzama ukucima wonke amakhandlela ekhekhe lokuzalwa ngokuphefumula okukodwa.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa ngokuyinhloko amanani amabili abalulekile:
1. I-FVC (Umthamo Obalulekile Ophoqelelwe): Lokhu kulinganisa inani eliphelele lomoya ongawukhipha ngamandla ngemva kokuphefumula ngokujule ngangokunokwenzeka.
2. I-FEV1 (Umthamo Wokukhipha Umoya Ophoqelelwe ngomzuzwana owodwa): Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi ungakhipha umoya ongakanani ngaphakathi komzuzwana wokuqala walowo moya ophoqelelwe.
Ngokuhlaziya lezi zindinganiso, udokotela wakho anganquma ukuthi amaphaphu akho aphilile kangakanani nokuthi kukhona yini ukuphazamiseka endleleni yakho yokuphefumula (njengaleyo ebangelwa yi-asthma noma i-COPD). Isibonelo, umuntu one-asthma angabonisa inani eliphansi le-FEV1 uma kuqhathaniswa nomuntu onempilo.
Ungase futhi ujwayelene ne- Peak Flow Meter . Leli ithuluzi elincane, eliphathekayo elivame ukusetshenziswa yiziguli ze-asthma ekhaya ukuqapha ukusebenza kwamaphaphu azo ngokuzimela. Lisebenza ngezimiso ezifanayo zokukhipha umoya ngamandla.
Zikhona yini ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlolwa?
Yebo, yize i-spirometry ivamile, kunezivivinyo ezikhethekile zokuxilongwa okujulile, udokotela wakho azokutusa uma kudingeka:
- Ukuhlolwa Komthamo Wamaphaphu: Lokhu kunikeza izilinganiso ezinembile zomthamo wamaphaphu akho, njengenani eliphelele lomoya amaphaphu akho angawubamba (Umthamo Ophelele Wamaphaphu) kanye nomoya osele ngemva kokuphefumula okuvamile (Umthamo Osele). Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwegumbi elincane, elinodonga lwengilazi elibizwa ngokuthi i -Body Plethysmograph .
- Ukuhlolwa Kokusabalalisa Igesi (i-DLCO): Lokhu kuhlolwa okubalulekile kulinganisa ukuthi umoya-mpilo uhamba kahle kangakanani usuka emasakeni omoya wamaphaphu akho (i-alveoli) uye egazini lakho, okubonisa ukuthi amaphaphu akho akwenza kanjani ukushintshana kwegesi kube lula.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokuzivocavoca Kwenhliziyo Nemiphunga: Uma udokotela wakho edinga ukubona ukuthi amaphaphu akho, inhliziyo, kanye nesistimu yokujikeleza kwegazi zisabela kanjani ngaphansi kokucindezeleka ngokomzimba, ungase ucelwe ukuba wenze ukuzivocavoca okulula (njengokuhamba nge-treadmill noma ukusebenzisa ibhayisikili elingashukumi) ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani ukuhlolwa?
Ukulungiselela kubalulekile ekutholeni imiphumela enembile. Udokotela wakho noma abasebenzi basesibhedlela eNirogi Lanka bazokunikeza imiyalelo ecacile, evame ukufaka okulandelayo:
- Ukulungiswa kwemithi: Uma usebenzisa ama-inhaler e-asthma noma eminye imithi efana nama-bronchodilator ukusiza ekuphefumuleni, udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi uwamise amahora ambalwa (ngokuvamile amahora angu-4-6 noma angu-12) ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Kodwa-ke, sicela ukhumbule: ungayeki noma ushintshe noma yimiphi imithi yakho ngaphandle kwemiyalelo ecacile evela kudokotela wakho.
- Gwema ukubhema: Kumelwe ugweme ukubhema ngokuphelele ngosuku lokuhlolwa, futhi okungenani, okungenani amahora amabili ngaphambi kwenqubo.
- Gwema ukudla okukhulu:Ungadli ukudla okuningi ngaphambi nje kokuhlolwa. Isisu esigcwele singanciphisa ikhono lamaphaphu akho lokukhula ngokugcwele, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula ngokujulile.
- Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile: Gwema izingubo eziqinile nezinomkhawulo ezizungeze isifuba noma ukhalo lwakho. Kunalokho, gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile nezikhululekile ezikuvumela ukuthi uphefumule ngokukhululeka.
- I-caffeine nokuzivocavoca: Ungase welulekwe ukuthi ugweme i-caffeine (etholakala etiyeni, ekhofini, njll.) kanye nomsebenzi onzima womzimba amahora amaningana ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ubhekene nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, noma ukukhwehlela ngosuku lokuhlolwa kwakho okuhleliwe, sicela wazise udokotela wakho noma isikhungo sokuhlola ngokushesha. I-aphoyintimenti yakho ingadinga ukuhlehliswa usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-Spirometry?
Ake sixoxe ngalokho okwenzekayo ngempela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-spirometry. Sicela uqiniseke—akukho okufanele ukwesabe. Lena inqubo engangenisi ubuhlungu futhi engenabuhlungu.
1. Uzohlala esihlalweni ngokunethezeka.
2. Kuzofakwa i-nose clip ethambile ekhaleni lakho. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi uphefumula ngomlomo wakho kuphela, kuvimbele umoya ukuthi ungaphumi ngamakhala akho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
3. Uchwepheshe noma umhlengikazi uzokucela ukuthi ubeke izindebe zakho ziqine eduze komlomo we-spirometer ukuze uvale kahle, uqinisekise ukuthi akukho moya ophumayo.
4. Ekuqaleni, uzocelwa ukuba uphefumule ngendlela evamile ukuphefumula okumbalwa.
5. Bese kuba yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu: Uchwepheshe uzokuyala: “Phefumula kakhulu, gcwalisa amaphaphu akho ngangokunokwenzeka!” Uma usukwenzile lokho, bazothi, “Manje, phefumula ngamandla, ngokushesha, futhi isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka! Qhubeka, qhubeka uphefumula kuze kube yilapho amaphaphu akho engenalutho ngokuphelele!”
Cabanga ngakho njengokungathi uzama ukucima wonke amakhandlela ekhekheni lokuzalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, noma ukugcwalisa ibhaluni elikhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Udinga ukwenza konke okusemandleni akho. Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kancane, noma ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa uphelelwe yithemba kancane, kodwa lokhu kuvamile ngokuphelele.
6. Uzocelwa ukuthi uphinde le nqubo izikhathi eziningana (ngokuvamile okungenani imizamo emithathu ephumelelayo ukuqinisekisa ukunemba). Uzoba nesikhathi sokuphumula phakathi komzamo ngamunye.
7. Kwezinye izimo, ngemva kokuhlolwa kokuqala, unganikwa umuthi we-bronchodilator (ngokuvamile nge-inhaler). Uzolinda imizuzu eyi-10-20 bese uphinda inqubo yokufutha. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi 'i-Post-Bronchodilator Spirometry.' Kuyasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi izindlela zakho zomoya zisabela kanjani emuthini. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuxilongweni kwezimo ezifana ne-asthma.
Isivivinyo sonke ngokuvamile sithatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-45. Uchwepheshe uzokuqondisa kuzo zonke izinyathelo. Uma uzizwa ungakhululekile nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ungangabazi ukumtshela.
Yini engasitshela imiphumela yalolu vivinyo?
Uma ukuhlolwa sekuqediwe, udokotela wakho uzohlaziya idatha (njenge-FVC kanye ne-FEV1 values) kanye namagrafu ukuze akuchazele imiphumela yakho. Le miphumela inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile:
- Ukuhlola izimo zamaphaphu: Kusiza ekuboneni ukuthi unezimo ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD, i-pulmonary fibrosis, noma i-bronchiectasis.
- Ukuhlola ubukhali besifo: Uma kukhona isimo, la manani asiza ekuhlukaniseni ubukhali baso (isb., obuncane, obuphakathi, noma obukhulu).
- Ukuhlukanisa lesi simo (Esivimbelayo vs. Esivimbelayo): Izimo zamaphaphu zihlukaniswe kabanzi zibe izifo 'ezivimbelayo' (lapho izindlela zomoya zincishiswa khona, njenge-asthma noma i-COPD) kanye nezifo 'ezivimbelayo' (lapho amaphaphu engakwazi ukukhula ngokugcwele, njenge-pulmonary fibrosis). I-Spirometry isiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo.
- Ukuqapha ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa: Uma usuvele uselashwa, lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa njalo ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ukusebenza kwamaphaphu akho kuyathuthuka noma kuyaqina.
Udokotela wakho ngeke abheke le miphumela yodwa kodwa uzoyiqhathanisa nezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga (njenge-X-ray yesifuba). Ngakho-ke, uma unemibuzo noma uthola ukuthi ingxenye yemiphumela ayicacile, sicela ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho—qinisekisa ukuthi uyasiqonda ngokugcwele isimo sakho sempilo.
Ingabe kukhona izingozi noma ukungakhululeki okuhlobene nalokhu kuhlolwa?
I-Spirometry ibhekwa njengenqubo ephephile kakhulu. Izingozi ezinkulu azivamile kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nokungakhululeki okuncane ngesikhathi noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlolwa:
- Ukukhathala noma isiyezi: Ukuphefumula okuphoqelelwe kungaba yinto ekhathazayo, futhi abanye abantu bangase bazizwe benomuzwa wesikhashana wokungabi nangqondo, ovame ukuxazululeka ngokwawo ngemizuzu embalwa.
- Ukukhwehlela: Ukuphefumula okujulile nokuphefumula ngamandla kungabangela ukukhwehlela kwabanye abantu.
- Ukuqina kwesifuba: Ngezinye izikhathi ezingavamile, ungase uzizwe umuzwa omncane wokuqina kwesifuba.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Akuvamile ukuthi abanye abantu babe nekhanda elibuhlungu elincane ngemva kokuhlolwa.
Kodwa-ke, uma usanda kuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, wahlinzwa isifuba esikhulu, wahlinzwa amehlo kakhulu (njengokususwa kwe-cataract), wahlushwa umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongalawuleki, noma wabhekana nesimo esifana nokuwa kwamaphaphu (i-pneumothorax), udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kufanelekile yini kuwe. Kubalulekile ukuthi unikeze udokotela wakho umlando ophelele nonembile wesimo sakho sempilo samanje kanye nanoma yimiphi imithi oyiphuzayo.
Amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwakhumbule
Sihlanganise ulwazi oluningi mayelana nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi i-Spirometry. Ngithemba ukuthi manje usuyiqonda kahle inqubo. Nanka amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu okufanele uwakhumbule:
- Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu kuyi-Indlela ewusizo kakhulu, elula, engenabuhlungu, nephephile yokuhlola impilo yamaphaphu akho nokunquma ukuthi asebenza kahle kangakanani.
- Uma ubhekene nezimpawu eziqhubekayo njengokukhwehlela okungapheli, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma ukuqina kwesifuba, ungalindi ukuthi zixazululeke zodwa; xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha. Uma kubonakala kudingekile, udokotela wakho uzoncoma lezi zivivinyo.
- I-Spirometry ukuhlolwa okwenziwa kakhulu futhi okufundisayo kulesi sigaba. Ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho, qiniseka ukuthi ulandela ngokuqinile imiyalelo kadokotela wakho mayelana nemithi kanye nemikhawulo yokudla.
- Asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ochwepheshe bethu abanekhono bakhona ukukuqondisa nokukusekela kulo lonke inqubo—mane wenze konke okusemandleni akho ukulandela imiyalelo yabo.
- Uma imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa isitholakala, xoxa ngayo kahle nodokotela wakho. Buza noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyiqonda ngokugcwele imiphumela yakho kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo.
Amaphaphu akho ayimpahla eyigugu esekela impilo yakho. Ukubeka impilo yabo phambili, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela, kanye nokuhlolwa okudingekayo uma kudingeka kubalulekile. I-Nirogi Lanka ikufisela impilo enhle nenhlalakahle impilo yakho yonke!
Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wamaphaphu , I-Spirometry, I-Asthma, I-COPD, Ukuphefumula, Impilo Yamaphaphu
