Iyini i-microscope? Sizoxoxa ngayo isikhashana?

Wake wacabanga ngedivayisi emangalisayo ekwazi ukubona izinto ezincane kakhulu amehlo ethu angenakuzibona? Yilokho okubizwa ngakho le microscope. Ifana nengilazi enamandla kakhulu yokukhulisa. Lokhu kuyinto ebalulekile kodokotela bethu noma ososayensi. Ake sixoxe ngale divayisi emangalisayo namuhla.

Kalula nje, iyini i-microscope?

Kalula nje, i-microscope iyithuluzi elisisiza sibone izinto ezincane kakhulu, izinto ezincane kakhulu ukuba amehlo ethu azibone, ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ngokucacile. Cabanga ukuthi unengilazi yokukhulisa enamandla amakhulu. Yilokho okufana nakho lokhu. Kodwa ingakhulisa izinto izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane, mhlawumbe amakhulu ezinkulungwane, ngisho nezincane kakhulu.

Ngisho neseli elincane kakhulu emzimbeni wethu (isakhiwo esiyisisekelo somzimba wethu) noma ngisho nesidalwa esincane esisethonsini lamanzi singabonakala kahle ngalokhu. Ngakho-ke, i-microscope ingumngane obalulekile wokufunda ngezinto ezincane kakhulu kuleli zwe eziyimfihlakalo emehlweni ethu nokuthola izimfihlo zazo. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi, leli thuluzi lithuthuke kakhulu.

Kungani i-microscope ibaluleke kangaka kwezokwelapha?

Manje ungase ucabange, "Kulungile, kwenza izinto ezincane zibukeke zinkulu. Ngakho-ke lokho kuwusizo luni kodokotela?" Empeleni, i-microscope akuyona nje ithuluzi. Ifana neso lesithathu likadokotela . Uyazi ukuthini? Imizimba yethu yenziwe ngayo, futhi sivame ukugula ngenxa yezinto ezincane amehlo ethu angenakuzibona.

Cabanga nje, imizimba yethu ifana nendlu enkulu eyakhiwe ngezigidi zezitini ezincane. Lezi zitini ezincane yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi amangqamuzana . Uma nje lawa maseli ephilile, siphilile. Kodwa uma kukhona ushintsho kulawa maseli, uma eba nesifo, yilapho-ke nathi siba nesifo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze sithole izinguquko kulawa maseli kanye nezimpawu zezifo, i-microscope ibalulekile.

Akukhona lokho kuphela, siphinde siyisebenzisele ukuhlonza izinto ezincane ezifana namagciwane , amagciwane (amanye amagciwane amakhulu angabonakala nalawa, kodwa amagciwane amaningi adinga ama-electron microscope), kanye nesikhunta . Singabona kahle ukuthi benzani emizimbeni yethu. Yingakho kusiza kakhulu ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa okunembile.

Yiziphi izifo ezingatholakala nge-microscope?

Sisebenzisa imakroskopu, singathola ulwazi mayelana nezifo eziningi. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi eziyinhloko.

Ukuhlola Amasampula Egazi

Wake wahlolwa igazi? Ngokuvamile, ingxenye yesampula yegazi ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwefilimu yegazi elingaphandle .

• Amaseli Egazi Abomvu:Lawa ngamaseli athwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Ungahlola i -anemia ngokubheka usayizi wawo, ukuma kwawo, nombala wawo. Ezinye izifo zofuzo, njenge-thalassemia, zingabangela nezinguquko ezithile kumaseli abomvu egazi.
• Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi: Lawa afana namasosha emzimbeni wethu. Alwa nezifo. Uma inani nohlobo lwalawa (isib. Ama-Neutrophils, ama-Lymphocyte) kushintsha, kunganikeza inkomba mayelana nokutheleleka ( ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, amagciwane) futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nomdlavuza wegazi ofana ne -leukemia .
• Ama-Platelet: Izingcezu ezincane zamaseli ezisiza ekuqhekekeni kwegazi. Uma lezi ziphansi, ukuphuma kwegazi kungenzeka. Lezi zibaluleke kakhulu ezifweni ezifana ne -dengue .
• Ngezinye izikhathi izimuncagazi egazini, isibonelo i-Plasmodium parasite ebangela umalaleveva , noma izimpethu ezibangela i-filariasis, zingatholakala ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

Ukuhlolwa Kwamasampula Ezicubu (i-Biopsy)

Wake wezwa ngegama elithi 'biopsy'? Kusho ukuthi uma kukhona ukusolakala kwesifo endaweni ethile emzimbeni wethu (isib. isikhumba, isimila, isitho sangaphakathi), kuthathwa ingcezu encane yezicubu kuleyo ndawo bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni komdlavuza .

Amaseli omdlavuza angamaseli aziphatha ngendlela ehlukile futhi abukeka ehlukile kumaseli anempilo. Ngakho-ke, ngokubheka lawa maseli ngaphansi kwe-microscope, singathola ulwazi oluningi olubalulekile, njengokuthi ngabe umdlavuza noma enye inkinga (isib. ukutheleleka, ukuvuvukala), nokuthi uma umdlavuza, uhlobo luni, ukuthi unzima kangakanani, nokuthi ususakazeke kangakanani. Sibiza ochwepheshe abenza lokhu kuhlolwa ngokuthi odokotela bezifo . Yibo abaqonda izimfihlo zaleli zwe elincane kakhulu futhi basitshele ngalesi sifo. Isibonelo, ekuhlolweni kwe-Pap smear, okwenziwa ukuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho kwabesifazane, amaseli nawo ahlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

Ukuhlonza amagciwane abangela izifo

Ngokuhlola amasampula e-mucus, umchamo, indle, kanye nobomvu obuvela emanxebeni ngaphansi kwe-microscope, kungenzeka ukuthola ukuthi aqukethe yini izinto eziphilayo ezibangela izifo ezifana namagciwane , isikhunta , kanye nezinye izilokazane .

Ake sithi ukhwehlela, bese bethatha i-phlegm bese beyihlola. Uma beyibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope bese bethola ukuthi iqukethe igciwane elithile (isib., amagciwane abangela isifo sofuba), kuzoba lula ngodokotela ukukunikeza umuthi ofanele. Noma ngezinye izikhathi, lapho kuvela isifo sesikhumba, i-microscope ingasiza ekwazini kahle ukuthi ingabe kuyigciwane lesikhunta noma okunye. Endabeni yokutheleleka komchamo, isampula yomchamo nayo iyahlolwa ukuze ihlolwe amagciwane namaseli obomvu. Igatsha lezokwelapha elenza lezi zivivinyo libizwa ngokuthi i-microbiology .

Odokotela bayisebenzisa kanjani le microscope?

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi, ukwenza kanjani lokhu futhi wenzani? Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa kunabantu abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukukwenza.

1. Ukuthola isampula: Okokuqala, izinto ezizohlolwa (njengegazi, umchamo, ingcezu yezicubu, noma i-mucus) zitholakala esigulini.

2. Ukulungiselela Isilayidi: Okulandelayo, isampula ibekwa engxenyeni encane yengilazi elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile (lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi isilayidi) futhi ngezinye izikhathi ifakwe imibala ekhethekile. Le mibala isetshenziselwa ukwenza kube lula ukubona izingxenye ezahlukene zamaseli, njengebhaktheriya, uma ibukwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Lapho izingxenye ezahlukene zamaseli zibonakala ngemibala ehlukene, kulula ukubona umehluko. Isibonelo, amabhaktheriya angahlukaniswa kusetshenziswa ibala le-Gram.

3. Ukubuka nge-microscope: Bese, isilayidi esilungisiwe sibekwa kwi-microscope bese sibukwa ngamalensi anamandla okukhulisa ahlukene. I-microscope inamalensi anamandla ahlukene. Okokuqala, uyibuka ngamandla aphansi, bese kuthi, uma kudingeka, ngamandla aphezulu, ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela ekhona.

4. Ukuhlaziywa Nombiko: Ngokusekelwe kulokho okubonwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope, isazi sezifo noma uchwepheshe welebhu yezokwelapha oqeqeshiwe uyayihlaziya bese edala umbiko. Lowo mbiko yilokho udokotela wakho akutholayo ukuze enze isinqumo mayelana nokugula kwakho.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-microscope?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-microscope. Sivame ukubona ama-microscope akhanyayo ezindaweni zokucwaninga zezokwelapha. Lawa asebenzisa ukukhanya ukukhulisa isithombe. Lawa alungele ukubuka izinto ezifana namabhaktheriya namaseli. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezikhethekile kakhulu zalawa njengama-microscope e-fluorescence kanye nama-microscope e-phase contrast.

Kodwa ngisho nezinto ezincane kakhulu, isibonelo amagciwane(Izinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane) Ukuze ubone izakhiwo ezincane kakhulu ngaphakathi kwamaseli (ama-organelle), udinga ama-microscope anamandla kakhulu. Abizwa ngokuthi ama-electron microscope . Lawa asebenzisa umsebe wama-electron esikhundleni sokukhanya. Akhulu kakhulu futhi ayabiza, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kakhulu ocwaningweni olukhethekile kanye nokuxilongwa kwezifo okuyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa okusisiza kakhulu ekuxilongeni izifo yi-microscope yokukhanya engikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni.

Okudingeka ukwazi ngalokhu

Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esizayo udokotela wakho ekucela ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma olunye uhlobo lokuhlolwa, khumbula ukuthi ingxenye yalo cishe izobhekwa nge-microscope. Lokho kunganikeza udokotela ulwazi oluningi ngezinto ezincane kakhulu emzimbeni wakho.

Lokhu akusikho okufanele ukwesabe. I-microscope ifana nomngane ongakwazi ukubona ngokushesha ukugula kwakho futhi akusize ululame ngokushesha.

Uma ungaqondi okuthile embikweni wakho webhulebhu, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho. Ungesabi ukubuza, "Dokotela, ungangichazela lokhu?" Unelungelo lokwaziswa ngempilo yakho. Uyaqonda?

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke kusukela kulokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla, cishe ungaqonda ukuthi imakroskopu ibaluleke kangakanani futhi ibaluleke kangakanani kwezokwelapha.

• Kusenza sikwazi ukubona izinto ezincane kakhulu amehlo ethu angenakuzibona, kusukela kumaseli kuya kumagciwane .
• Lokhu kusiza ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi kwezifo eziningi ezifana nomdlavuza , izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye ne-anemia .
• Lokhu kuyithuba elihle kakhulu kodokotela lokuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile nokuqala ukwelashwa okufanele ngokufanele.
• I-microscope ifana neqhawe elithule kwezempilo. Ulwazi olunikezayo luvame ukuba yithuluzi lokusindisa impilo.

Ngakho-ke, i-microscope akuyona nje ingxenye yensimbi, iyisimangaliso sesayensi esisiza ekusindiseni izimpilo! Uma unokuqonda okuncane ngalokho, yilokho okujabulisa le ndaba.

` I-Microscope, Amaseli, Ukuxilongwa, Ukuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha, I-Pathology