Kuyini ukungezwani komzimba?

Sonke sizwile igama elithi ukungezwani komzimba, akunjalo? Kodwa ungase uzibuze ukuthi kuyini ngempela ukungezwani komzimba nokuthi kungani kwenzeka.

Kalula nje, i-allergy yilapho uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, uhlelo lokuzivikela , lusabela ngokweqile entweni evame ukungasilimazi. Cabanga ngakho njengabaqaphi emizimbeni yethu. Umsebenzi wabo ukusivikela ezitheni ezifana namagciwane abangela izifo. Kodwa okwenzekayo ku-allergy ukuthi laba baqaphi baba novalo kancane bese beqala ukuhlasela into engeyona ngempela isitha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uhlelo lokuzivikela lusabela ngokweqile futhi sibhekana nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene lapho sino-allergy.

Yini ebangela ukungezwani komzimba? Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi yizinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba.

Lezi zinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba sizibiza ngokuthi yi-allergy . Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-allergy ezisizungezile. Nakuba abanye abantu bengase bangakhathazeki ngazo, kumuntu onesifo sokungezwani komzimba, zingaba yinkinga enkulu.

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi lezi zinto ezivame ukubangelwa yi-allergen:

• Izinto ezingenayo uma uphefumula:
• Impova : Kungenzeka ukuthi uke waphawula ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi lapho izimbali ziqhakaza, izinto ezincane ezisampushana zikhishwa emoyeni zivela ezihlahleni. Lokho kubizwa ngokuthi impova. Abantu abaningi bayazwela le mpova.
• Izibungu zothuli: Lezi yizidalwa ezincane kakhulu ukuthi zingabonakali. Zihlala othulini lwezindlu zethu, emibhedeni, emicamelweni, nasemacansini.
• I-Dander yezilwane ezifuywayo: Abanye abantu bane-allergy kulezi zinto ezivela ezilwaneni ezifana namakati nezinja .
• Isikhunta: Isikhunta esakheka ezindongeni ezindaweni ezimanzi singadala nokungezwani komzimba.
• Ukudla neziphuzo:
• Okunye ukudla kungabangela ukungezwani komzimba. Isibonelo, ubisi, amaqanda , amantongomane anjenge-peanut, i-cashew, i-soy, ukolweni, inhlanzi, i-shrimp, kanye ne-squid yizona eziyinhloko. Kodwa-ke, ukungezwani komzimba kungenzeka kunoma yikuphi okunye ukudla ngaphandle kwalokhu.
• Ukulunywa yizinambuzane:
• Abanye abantu baphinde babe nokungezwani okukhulu noshevu ovela ezilwaneni, njengezinyosi kanye nezinyosi.
• Izinhlobo zemithi:
• Eminye imithi, njengemithi elwa namagciwane njenge -penicillin, ingabangela nokungezwani komzimba.
• Izinto ezithintekayo:
• Amanye amakhemikhali , njenge-latex (etholakala ezintweni ezifana namagilavu), kanye nezinsimbi ezifana ne-nickel (etholakala kobucwebe obuthile), nazo zingabangela ukungezwani komzimba lapho zithinta isikhumba.

Kwenzekani emzimbeni uma une-allergy?

Manje cishe uyazibuza ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani uma i-allergen ingena emzimbeni.

Nakhu okwenzekayo: Uma i-allergen (isib. impova) ingena emzimbeni womuntu one-allergy, amasosha omzimba wethu acabanga ukuthi iyisitha esikhulu. Bese enza uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-antibody olubizwa ngokuthi i-IgE ngokumelene nalesi 'sitha'. Lawa ma-antibodies e-IgE ayahamba futhi anamathele ohlotsheni lweseli emzimbeni wethu olubizwa ngokuthi ama-mast cell .

Ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho i-allergen efanayo ihlangana nomzimba, ibopha kuma-antibodies e-IgE kumaseli e-mast. Amaseli e-mast abese 'eqhuma' futhi akhiphe amakhemikhali amaningi njenge -histamine . Leyo histamine iyimbangela yezimpawu eziningi zokungezwani komzimba, njengokulunywa, ukubomvu , impumulo egobhozayo, namehlo anamanzi.

Kalula nje: i-allergen -> ama-antibodies e-IgE -> amaseli e-mast -> i-histamine -> izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba

Ziyini izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba? Bheka ukuthi unazo yini lezi zimpawu

Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi iyini i-allergen nokuthi ingene kanjani emzimbeni. Ake sibheke ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu:

• Izimpawu Zokuphefumula:
• Ukuthimula njalo.
• Impumulo egobhozayo (ngisho noma kungekho umkhuhlane).
• Ukuminyana kwamakhala.
• Ukukhwehlela, ukuqina kwesifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula (lezi yizimpawu ze-asthma)(Kungabuye kuhlotshaniswe nesimo).
• Umphimbo obuhlungu, ukushintsha kwezwi.
• Abanye abantu babiza lokhu ngokuthi i-Hay Fever noma i-Allergic Rhinitis .

• Izimpawu Zesikhumba:
• Isikhumba esilumayo.
• Ukulunywa nokubomvu kwesikhumba ( i-Urticaria noma i-Hives ).
• Isikhumba esomile, esixebukayo, nesiqhumayo (lokhu kungenzeka nasezimweni ezifana ne -eczema ).

• Izimpawu Zamehlo:
• Ukubomvu kwamehlo.
• Amehlo alumayo.
• Izinyembezi ziphuma emehlweni.
• Ukuvuvukala, ukuba mnyama ngaphansi kwamehlo.

• Izimpawu Zesisu – (ikakhulukazi ku-allergies yokudla):
• Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza.
• Ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqunjelwa.
• Ukuqunjelwa (uhudo).
• Ukuvuvukala, ukulunywa komlomo, izindebe, ulimi noma umphimbo.

• Ezinye izici:
• Izindlebe ezilumayo, umuzwa wokucindezela ngaphakathi ezindlebeni.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ukukhathala, ukukhathala.

Ukusabela okuyingozi kakhulu kokungezwani komzimba: i-Anaphylaxis

Ngezinye izikhathi ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba kungaba nzima kakhulu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis . Lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela impilo. Okwenzekayo ukuthi wonke umzimba usabela ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis yilezi:

• Ukuvuvukala okungazelelwe kobuso, izindebe, ulimi kanye nomphimbo.
• Ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuqina kwesifuba.
• Ukuquleka/isiyezi, uzizwa sengathi usuzolahlekelwa ingqondo.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Isikhumba esibandayo, ukujuluka.
• Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu.

I-Anaphylaxis iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha. Odokotela beluleka abantu abanezinkinga zokungezwani komzimba ezinzima ukuthi bagcine umjovo we-adrenaline (njenge-EpiPen) useduze ukuze usetshenziswe ezimweni ezinjalo.

Udokotela angathola kanjani ukuthi une-allergy?

Uma usola ukuthi une-allergy, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubonana nodokotela. Udokotela uzokubuza imibuzo mayelana nezimpawu zakho, njengokuthi zenzeka nini, wenzani, nokuthi ziya ziba zimbi yini. Bazokubuza nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho onesifo sokungezwani komzimba, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi ukungezwani komzimba kungangena emindenini.

Ngemuva kwalokho, kungenziwa izivivinyo ezithile ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela into ebangela ukungezwani komzimba:

• Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlatshwa Kwesikhumba: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka inani elincane kakhulu le-allergen okusolwa ukuthi ibangelwa yisikhumba esikhumbeni sakho (ngokuvamile ingalo noma umhlane wakho) bese usihlaba ngenaliti encane. Uma noma yiziphi izindawo ziba bomvu, zivuvukale, noma zilume zingakapheli imizuzu eyi-15-20, usuke unesifo sokungezwani komzimba kuleyo allergen. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okusheshayo nokulula.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Ngezinye izikhathi, kubantu abangakwazi ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba (isib. labo abanezimo zesikhumba ezinzima noma labo abathatha imithi ethile), kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kuhlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi igazi lakho linawo yini ama-antibodies e-IgE okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili ngokumelene nezinto ezithile ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-RAST (ukuhlolwa kwe-Radioallergosorbent), noma ukuhlolwa kwe-Specific IgE .

Ngokuhlanganisa imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo kanye nezimpawu zakho, udokotela angakutshela ngqo ukuthi une-allergy yini, futhi uma kunjalo, ukuthi iyini.

Yini esingayenza uma sinesifo sokungezwani komzimba? Singakulawula kanjani lokhu?

Ungesabi uma uthola ukuthi une-allergy. Nakuba kunzima ukwelapha ngokuphelele i-allergy, kunezindlela eziningi zokunciphisa ukungakhululeki okubangelwa yiyo nokuphila impilo engcono.

1. Ukugwema i-allergen:

Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma wazi kahle ukuthi yini ekwenza ungezwani nomzimba, indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha ukukugwema ngangokunokwenzeka.

• Uma une-allergy othulini, gcina ikhaya lakho lihlanzekile futhi ugeze izingubo zakho zokulala njalo ngamanzi ashisayo.
• Uma une-allergy ku-pollen, gqoka imaski uma ungaphandle uma inani le-pollen liphezulu, bese ugeza uma ufika ekhaya.
• Uma une-allergy ekudleni, gwema ukudla noma yini equkethe lokho kudla. Funda ilebula yezithako ngokucophelela lapho uthenga ukudla esitolo.

2. Imithi:

Odokotela banikeza imithi ehlukahlukene yokulawula izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba.

• Ama-Antihistamine: Lena imithi evame ukunqunywa kakhulu yokungezwani komzimba. Inciphisa ukulunywa, impumulo egobhozayo, kanye nokuthimula okubangelwa yi-histamine. Iza ngesimo samaphilisi, ama-syrup, ama-spray ekhala, kanye namaconsi amehlo.
• Ama-Corticosteroids:Lena imithi enamandla enciphisa ukuvuvukala. Iza ngesimo sokufutha kwamakhala, ama-inhaler (kwabanesifo sofuba), ama-creams angaphandle, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amaphilisi esikhashana. Lokhu kufanele kusetshenziswe njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalile.
• Imithi Yokuqeda Ukuminyana Kwamakhala: Imithi eqeda ukuminyana kwamakhala. Kodwa-ke, akukhuthazwa ukuyisebenzisa njalo izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa.
• Ama-Leukotriene modifier: Olunye uhlobo lomuthi osetshenziselwa i-asthma kanye ne-hay fever.

3. Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy:

Lokhu ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside. Lokhu kuhilela ukuqala ngenani elincane kakhulu le-allergen onayo bese ukhulisa kancane kancane inani, kungaba ngokuyijova emzimbeni wakho ( imijovo yokungezwani komzimba ) noma ngokuyinika njengamaphilisi ngaphansi kolimi lwakho ( i-sublingual immunotherapy – SLIT ). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba wakho uyajwayela i-allergen futhi usabela kancane. Lokhu akusebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa kuphumelela kakhulu kwabanye. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe.

4. Ukwelashwa Okuphuthumayo:

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uma kwenzeka ukusabela okukhulu kwe-anaphylactic, umjovo we -adrenaline (njenge-EpiPen) usindisa impilo. Kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abane-allergies enzima ukuthi bahlale benawo futhi bazi ukuthi bawasebenzisa kanjani.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela? Ngubani udokotela wezifo zokungezwani komzimba?

Kungumqondo omuhle ukubona udokotela uma unanoma yikuphi kwalokhu:

• Uma unezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ezivame ukuphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.
• Uma ufuna ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela ekwenza ungezwani nomzimba.
• Uma unezimpawu ezifana neze-asthma (ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula kanzima, ukuqina kwesifuba).
• Uma usabela kabi ekudleni.
• Uma ulunywa yisinambuzane bese kuba nokusabela okubi kakhulu.

Udokotela ojwayelekile angelapha izimo eziyisisekelo zokungezwani komzimba. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, uma ukungezwani komzimba kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kunzima ukukuxilonga, noma kukhulu, ungathunyelwa kudokotela wezifo zamasosha omzimba . Laba odokotela baqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukuxilonga nokwelapha ukungezwani komzimba. Bangenza izinto ezifana nokuhlolwa kwesikhumba kanye nokwelashwa ngezifo zamasosha omzimba.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto okudingeka sizikhumbule kukho konke lokhu? (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, sesikhulume kakhulu ngezinkinga zokungezwani komzimba manje, akunjalo? Okokugcina, nazi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• Ukungezwani komzimba akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, kodwa kubalulekile ukuyiqaphela. Ukungezwani komzimba kumane kuwukusabela ngokweqile kwesimiso sethu somzimba entweni engenangozi.
• Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola ukuthi yini ekwenza ungezwani nomzimba.
• Ukugwema izinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela. Gwema izinto ezikulimazayo noma nini lapho kungenzeka.
• Kunemithi emihle yokulawula izimpawu. Yisebenzise njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.
• Qaphela ukusabela okubi okubizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis. Kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Esimweni esinjalo, hamba esibhedlela ngokushesha. Uma une-allergy enkulu, gcina umjovo we-adrenaline eduze.
• Kungenzeka ukuphila impilo evamile nejabulisayo enezinkinga zokungezwani komzimba. Kudingeka nje ukulawula kahle.

Uma uneminye imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka, khuluma nodokotela. Bakhona ukuzokusiza.