Ingabe ukhona emndenini wakho, mhlawumbe umama wakho, ubaba, noma ugogo wakho, okhohlwa izinto ezincane? Uma ungakhumbuli ngisho nezinto ezincane kakhulu, sizizwa sidabukile futhi sesaba kakhulu. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kungaba yisifo i-Alzheimer's. Eqinisweni, alikho ikhambi lalesi sifo okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela ezintsha zokwelapha ezingasiza ekulawuleni ukusabalala okusheshayo kwalesi sifo futhi zinciphise ukuqhubeka kwaso. I-Kisunla ingenye yemithi enjalo eletha ithemba elisha. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula nangokucacile namuhla.
Isifo i-Alzheimer kanye nendlela iKisunla esebenza ngayo
Kalula nje, i-Alzheimer's yisifo sobuchopho esikhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngaso njengesifo sokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo esivame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Lapho lesi sifo sikhula, izingxenye zobuchopho bethu ezilawula izinto ezibalulekile njengenkumbulo, ukuqonda, ulimi, ukunaka, kanye nokucabanga ziyalimala. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuqongelela kweprotheni enobuthi ebizwa ngokuthi i-amyloid phakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho.
Njengoba nje ipayipi lamanzi endlini yethu livaleka ngothuli futhi livimbele ukugeleza kwamanzi, lapho le phrotheni ye-amyloid iqoqana phakathi kwamangqamuzana obuchopho, amangqamuzana obuchopho awakwazi ukuxhumana futhi asebenze kahle.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi isifo i-Alzheimer's siwuhlobo lwe-dementia. I-dementia yigama elijwayelekile lezimo ezibangela ubunzima bokucabanga kahle kuze kube yilapho ungakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
Odokotela bavame ukuhlukanisa lesi sifo ngezigaba eziningana. Ezigabeni zokuqala, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yesikhashana kuyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, ngisho nemisebenzi yansuku zonke efana nokulungisa ukudla, ukuthola indlela yakho, nokuphatha imali iba nzima. Ezigabeni zakamuva, ungase ubonise nezimpawu zengqondo ezifana nokuhoxa emphakathini, ukulahlekelwa yisithakazelo kunoma yini, kanye nokukhathazeka.
Ngakho-ke, lo muthi omusha obizwa ngokuthi iKisunla wenzani? Uqukethe i-antibody ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-donanemab-azbt . Okwenzayo ukuthi uhlose amaprotheni e-amyloid engikhulume ngawo ekuqaleni aqoqana ebuchosheni futhi awasuse ebuchosheni. Ngale ndlela, iKisunla isiza ekunciphiseni ukulimala kobuchopho futhi yehlise ijubane lapho lesi sifo siba sibi khona.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani imithi yeKisunla?
I-Kisunla ayilona iphilisi. Inikezwa njengokufakwa kwe-intravenous (IV) . Njengoba nje singathola i-saline, kuzodingeka uthole lokhu kwelashwa esibhedlela noma emtholampilo, okuthatha cishe imizuzu engama-30.
Uma uqala ukwelashwa, uzonikezwa imithamo emithathu yama-milligram angu-700 (700 mg) njalo emavikini amane. Ngemva kwalokho, udokotela wakho uzokwandisa umthamo ube yi-1400 milligrams (1400 mg) njalo emavikini amane.
Ngaphambi kokuqala lokhu kwelashwa, udokotela wakho uzo-oda ukuhlolwa kobuchopho okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi i-tau positron emission tomography (PET) . Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi ingakanani i-amyloid efakwe ebuchosheni bakho. Uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi izinga le-amyloid ebuchosheni bakho lehle kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukuyeka ukwelashwa.
Amaphuzu akhethekile okufanele uwaqaphele kanye nemiphumela emibi
Kunomphumela omubi kakhulu okudingeka siwuqaphele kakhulu lapho selapha iKisunla. Ubizwa ngokuthi i-ARIA (ukukhubazeka kwezithombe okuhlobene ne-amyloid) . Kalula nje, lo muthi ubangela izinguquko ezingavamile ukuthi zibonakale ku-MRI scan yobuchopho. Lokhu akuhlali kubangela izimpawu.
Kodwa-ke, akuvamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
- Ukudideka
- Ukuhlanza
- Izinguquko zombono
- Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi lapho uhamba
Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu ze-ARIA zingafana kakhulu nezesifo sohlangothi. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyiphuzayo ukuze akwazi ukubona ukuthi ibangelwa yi-ARIA noma enye into.
Ubani osengozini enkulu ye-ARIA?
Abanye abantu banengozi enkulu yokuthola i-ARIA kuye ngokuthi bakhiwe kanjani ngokwezakhi zofuzo. Abantu abanamakhophi amabili esakhi sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi i-apolipoprotein E e4 (ApoE e4) basengozini enkulu yokuthola imiphumela emibi efana nokuvuvukala kobuchopho noma ukopha ebuchosheni. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho cishe uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ukuze ahlole ingozi yakho ye-ARIA ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukwelashwa nge-Kisunla. Kuzodingeka futhi ukuthi uhlolwe njalo nge-MRI ukuze uqaphe lesi simo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Impumelelo yesidakamizwa iKisunla yafundwa kanjani?
Kwenziwe ucwaningo olukhulu lwezokwelapha ukuze kubonwe ukuthi lo muthi usebenza kahle kangakanani. Inani elikhulu leziguli ezinesifo i-Alzheimer's esisesigabeni sokuqala ziye zahlanganyela kulokhu.
Abacwaningi bahlukanise laba bantu ngamaqembu amabili.
1. Iqembu elilodwa lanikezwa: umuthi weKisunla.
2. Elinye iqembu: lanikwa into efana nomuthi, kodwa engenaso isithako esisebenzayo (lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-placebo ).
Imiphumela iyakhuthaza ngempela. Ake siqonde leyo miphumela kusukela kuthebula elingezansi.
| Inzuzo | Lokho okutholwe yilolu cwaningo |
|---|---|
| Ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwesifo | Izinga lokuqhubeka kwesifo kulabo abathola iKisunla laliphansi cishe ngo-20% kunalabo abathola i-placebo. |
| Izimpawu azibi zimbi kakhulu | Amaphesenti angamashumi amane nesikhombisa alabo abathola iKisunla abazange babe nobunzima besifo sabo phakathi nonyaka, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angama-29 kuphela alabo abaseqenjini le-placebo. |
| Ukuncipha kwe-amyloid ebuchosheni | Ekupheleni kocwaningo, ama-76% alabo abathola iKisunla babenamazinga aphansi kakhulu e-amyloid deposits ebuchosheni babo. |
Le miphumela ikhombisa ukuthi iKisunla inganciphisa kakhulu ukuqhubeka kwesifo i-Alzheimer's.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi umuthi usebenze futhi ingabe kukhona ukuxhumana neminye imithi?
Lapho nje uthola umthamo wakho wokuqala we-Kisunla, uqala ukusebenza ngokubhekisa ku-amyloid ebuchosheni. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha izinyanga eziningana ukuthi wena, abanakekeli bakho, kanye nodokotela wakho niqaphele ukuthi izimpawu zakho ziyancipha nokuthi inkambo yesifo iyehla.
Ukusebenzisana nezinye izidakamizwa
Ngenxa yengozi yokopha ebuchosheni nge-ARIA, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa okukhethekile lapho usebenzisa i-Kisunla enemithi yokunciphisa igazi . Nakuba kungekho bufakazi obucacile okwamanje, uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, kufanele nakanjani uxoxe ngalokhu nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa kwe-Kisunla.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyinikezwe udokotela wakho, imithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, amavithamini, imithi ye-Ayurvedic noma ye-Sinhala.
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bekhanda ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ungakushayi indiva. Kungaba uphawu lwe-ARIA, ngakho yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha .
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Kisunla umuthi omusha osetshenziselwa ukwelapha izigaba zokuqala zesifo i-Alzheimer's.
- Lokhu kusebenza ngokususa iphrotheni enobuthi ebizwa ngokuthi i-amyloid eqoqana ebuchosheni futhi yehlise izinga lesi sifo esiba sibi ngalo.
- Lokhu ukwelashwa ngokufakwa nge-intravenous (IV) futhi kumele kuthathwe esibhedlela noma emtholampilo.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela umphumela omubi obizwa ngokuthi i-ARIA. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlolwa njalo kwe-MRI ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokwelashwa.
- Kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo (kufaka phakathi imithi yokunciphisa igazi) kanye nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha ozizwayo.
- Nakuba lokhu kungeyona ikhambi, kunciphisa kakhulu inkambo yesifo futhi kunikeza ithemba elisha iziguli nemindeni yazo.
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