Ingabe ingane yakho izalwa inesisindo esiphansi? (Isisindo Esiphansi Sokuzalwa) Masiqaphele lokhu!

Wake wezwa ukuthi umntwana osanda kuzalwa unesisindo esingaphansi kwesisindo? Uma uzwa izindaba ezinjalo, uzizwa wesaba futhi unelukuluku, akunjalo? "Kungani lokho kwenzeke? Ingabe umntwana uzophila?" Kufika imibuzo eminingi engqondweni. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Low Birth Weight . Lokhu kuyinto abazali abaningi okudingeka bayazi.

Kuyini Isisindo Esiphansi Sokuzalwa?

Kalula nje, uma ingane yakho esanda kuzalwa inesisindo esingaphansi kwamagremu angu-2500 (lokho kungu-2.5 kg noma amakhilogremu angu-5 ama-ounces angu-8) , yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi. Lesi yisisindo umntwana asikalwa ngaso lapho ezalwa.

Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe izingane ezingu-80 kweziyi-100 ezizalwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha (phakathi kwamasonto angu-37 no-41 okukhulelwa) zinesisindo esiphakathi kwamagremu angu-2,600 (2.6 kg) kanye namagremu angu-3,800 (3.8 kg).

Kodwa nansi indaba, ukuthi nje umntwana uzalwa enesisindo esincane akusho ukuthi uzoba umntwana onesisindo esincane uma ekhula. Eqinisweni, ezinye izingane ezinesisindo esincane ziphilile yize zincane.

Kodwa-ke, isisindo somntwana esizalwa singasiza odokotela ukuthi banqume ukuthi badinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile yini ngemva nje kokuzalwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezinye izingane zingaba nezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo ngenxa yesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa. Uma ingane yakho incane kakhulu lapho izalwa, kungaba nzima ngayo ukudla, ukukhuluphala, nokulwa nezifo . Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nezinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Izingane ezizalwa zinesisindo esiphansi ziyazalwa emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise nasezweni lethu. Isibonelo, e-United States, cishe eyodwa kwezingu-12 ezizalwa ngo-2021 yazalwa inesisindo esiphansi. Lokho cishe kungama-8.52% ezizalwa ziphila. Ngakho-ke lokhu akuyona into engavamile.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokuzalwa unesisindo esiphansi?

Izingane ezizalwa zinesisindo esincane zibonakala zincane kakhulu kunezingane ezinempilo, ezinesisindo esijwayelekile. Futhi, ikhanda lomntwana lingase libonakale likhulu kunomzimba wonke. Zingase zibonakale zincane ngoba zinamafutha amancane emzimbeni.

Yini ebangela isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa?

Kunezimbangela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuzalwa unesisindo esiphansi. Lezi yizi:

1. Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi

2. Ukuvinjelwa kokukhula kwengane

Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, noma "ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi" kulapho ingane yakho izalwa ngaphambi kwesonto lama-37 lokukhulelwa. Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kusho ukuthi ingane yakho ayizange ibe nesikhathi esanele sokukhula nokukhula kwesisindo ngaphakathi kwesibeletho sakho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingane ithola isisindo sayo esiningi emasontweni ambalwa okugcina okukhulelwa.

Ukuvinjelwa kokukhula kwengane

Esinye isizathu esikhulu ukuvinjelwa kokukhula kwengane, noma lokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi "Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)". Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingane ingakwazi ukukhula futhi ikhuluphale ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi isesibelethweni. Ngezinye izikhathi, ingane ingazalwa incane ngoba abazali bayo bancane. Lokhu kuvamile.

Kodwa ezinye izingane ziba ne-IUGR ngoba kukhona okuphazamisa ukukhula kwazo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kungabangelwa yilokhu:

• Izinkinga Ze-Placenta: Ingane ithola izakhamzimba nomoya-mpilo eyidingayo nge-placenta. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona inkinga nge-placenta, izothinta ukukhula komntwana.
• Impilo yakho: Ezinye izifo umama anazo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (isib. umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela) zingathinta ukukhula komntwana.
• Impilo yomntwana: Ngezinye izikhathi, ukukhula kungaphazamiseka ngenxa yesimo sofuzo noma ukutheleleka komntwana.

Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi ezithinta lokhu?

Kunezici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola umntwana onesisindo esiphansi. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Izifo ezingamahlalakhona onazo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Isibonelo, uma unesifo sesikhathi eside njengesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Ezinye izifo zingathinta ukukhula komntwana.
• Ukusebenzisa imithi ethile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Ungathathi noma yimuphi umuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
• Ukusebenzisa izinto ezinjengotshwala nogwayi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu enganeni.
• Ukungakhuli ngokwanele noma ukungagcini isisindo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Ukudla ukudla okunempilo kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Ukukhulelwa izingane ezingaphezu kweyodwa (Ama-Multiples): Le ngozi iphezulu uma ulindele amawele noma ama-triple.
• Ukuchayeka ku-lead noma ukungcola komoya.
• Omama abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-17 noma ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala.
• Ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

"Akuwona wonke umuntu onazo zonke lezi zici eziyingozi ozoba nomntwana ozelwe enesisindo esiphansi. Futhi, umuntu ongenazo lezi zici angase abe nomntwana ozelwe enesisindo esiphansi. Ngakho-ke ungesabi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu."

Yiziphi izinkinga zalesi simo?

Izingane ezizalwa zinesisindo esiphansi zisengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga ezithile zempilo. Imizimba yazo emincane ayinamandla njengeyezingane ezizalwa zinesisindo esijwayelekile. Zingase zibe nobunzima bokudla, ukukhuluphala, kanye nokulwa nezifo . Futhi, izingane ezizalwa zinesisindo esiphansi zinamafutha amancane emzimbeni, okwenza kube nzima ngazo ukuhlala zifudumele .

Uma isisindo somntwana esiphansi, kulapho ingozi yezinkinga iba nkulu khona. Ezinye zalezi zinkinga ezingase zivele zisencane zifaka:

• Amazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo lapho ezalwa.
• Izifo.
• I-Jaundice.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Ikakhulukazi i-Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS), isifo sokuphefumula esibangelwa amaphaphu angavuthiwe.
• Izinkinga zesimiso sezinzwa: Isibonelo, ukuphuma kwegazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho (Intraventricular Hemorrhage - IVH) kungenzeka.
• Izinkinga zesistimu yokugaya ukudla: Izimo ezifana ne-"Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)``, ezibangela umonakalo omkhulu ezicutshini zamathumbu.

Kukhona futhi ingozi enkulu yokuthola izinkinga zesikhathi eside :

• Ukubambezeleka kwentuthuko yezimoto kanye neyomphakathi: Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto ezifana nokuhamba nokukhuluma zingase zephuze kancane.
• Umehluko wokufunda.
• Izimo zempilo ezingase zenzeke njengoba ukhula: izinto ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo senhliziyo, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nesifo sikashukela.

Ungayibona kanjani ingane enesisindo esiphansi?

Uma uya emtholampilo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho, udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ukuze athole umbono wosayizi wengane yakho. Enye indlela ukulandelela ukukhuluphala kwakho. Enye ukukala 'ukuphakama kwe-fundal' . Leli ibanga ukusuka phezulu kwesibeletho kuya ethanjeni le-pubic. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa ne-'ultrasound' scan ukuhlola ukukhula nokukhula kwengane.

Phakathi namahora ambalwa okuqala ngemva kokuzalwa, udokotela uzokala ingane. Bazoqhathanisa isisindo somntwana nobudala bokukhulelwa bese besibhala phansi kurekhodi lezokwelapha. Ingane enesisindo esingaphansi kwamagremu angu-2500 (2.5 kg) ibizwa ngokuthi isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi, kanti ingane enesisindo esingaphansi kwamagremu angu-1500 (1.5 kg) ibizwa ngokuthi isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi kakhulu .

Iphathwa kanjani ingane ezelwe inesisindo esiphansi?

Udokotela wengane yakho uzonquma ukuthi yiluphi ukwelashwa oludingekayo kumntwana ozelwe enesisindo esiphansi. Uzonquma ngalolu hlobo lokwelashwa ngokusekelwe komntwana wakho:

• Iminyaka yokukhulelwa.
• Isimo sempilo iyonke.
• Umlando wezokwelapha.
• Kuye ngezinga lokubekezelela imithi, izinqubo zezokwelapha, noma ukwelashwa .

Ukwelashwa kokuzalwa kwengane enesisindo esiphansi kuvame ukuhlanganisa:

• Ukunakekelwa Kweyunithi Yokunakekelwa Okujulile Kwezingane Ezisanda Kuzalwa (i-NICU): Lena yiyunithi yokunakekelwa okujulile kwezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa.
• Ukubeka ingane embhedeni olawulwa izinga lokushisa: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kunzima ngezingane ezincane ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo.
• Ukondla okukhethekile: Ngezinye izikhathi, uma umntwana engakwazi ukuncela, ubisi lunikezwa njengoketshezi ngomthambo we-intravenous (IV) noma ngepayipi elifakwa esiswini.
• Ukwelashwa okudingekayo kwezinye izinkinga.

Izingane ezizalwa zinesisindo esiphansi, ngaphandle uma kunezinye izinkinga, zivame ukuhlangana nezinye izingane ngokwentuthuko yomzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuye ngesimo sengane yakho, udokotela wakho angase azithumele kuchwepheshe ukuze athole ukwelashwa okwengeziwe.

Kwenzekani uma ingane yami izalwa inesisindo esincane?

Uma ingane yakho izalwa inesisindo esincane sokuzalwa, ingadinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile egunjini lokunakekela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa (i-NICU) lesibhedlela . Ingane izohlala e-NICU kuze kube yilapho ingane isithole isisindo esanele futhi odokotela bacabanga ukuthi isiphilile ngokwanele ukuba ibuyele ekhaya.

Izinga lokusinda komntwana ozelwe enesisindo esiphansi lincike esisindweni sakhe lapho ezalwa. Izinsana ezinesisindo esingaphansi kwamagremu angu-500 (0.5 kg) zinethuba eliphansi kakhulu lokusinda. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko kwezesayensi yezokwelapha yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukusindisa ngisho nezinsana ezincane kakhulu.

Uma ubona ingane yakho encane ku-NICU, uzozizwa udabuke kakhulu futhi wesaba. Lokho kujwayelekile. Kodwa themba odokotela bengane yakho. Bazokwenza konke okusemandleni abo ukusiza ingane yakho ukuthi ithole isisindo futhi bayilungiselele ukuya ekhaya isuka esibhedlela.

Ingabe ukuzalwa unesisindo esiphansi kungavinjelwa?

Yebo, ungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthi ingane yakho izalwe inesisindo esincane. Qaphela lezi zinto ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho:

• Yiya emtholampilo ngesikhathi (Ukuhlolwa okuvamile): Landela imiyalelo kadokotela ngqo.
• Thola inani elifanele lamakhalori kanye nokudla okunempilo: Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela, lawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho.
• Gwema ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa utshwala nogwayi.

Ngingamnakekela kanjani umntwana wami?

Uma ingane yakho yazalwa inesisindo esiphansi, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uyisize ithole isisindo futhi ihlale iphilile. Njengoba ingane yakho ikhula, qiniseka ukuthi idla ukudla okunempilo, idlala futhi iyasebenza . Kubalulekile futhi ukuyiyisa emtholampilo ngesikhathi ukuze ithole imijovo yayo .

Ngokuya emtholampilo njalo, udokotela wengane yakho angakwazi ukubona izimo zempilo ezingadala izinkinga njengoba ikhula. Ukugoma kungavikela nengane yakho ezifweni eziyingozi.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ungabuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Yini engingayenza ukuze nginciphise ingozi yokuthola umntwana onesisindo esiphansi?
• Uma ingane yami yazalwa inesisindo esincane, yini engingayenza ukuze ngiyisize ikhuluphale?
• Ingabe ingane yami izoba nezinkinga ezinkulu ngenxa yokuzalwa inesisindo esiphansi?
• Ingabe ingane yami idinga ukuhlolwa noma izinqubo zezokwelapha?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okuncoma ingane yami?
• Ingabe ingane yami idinga ukuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi?

Okokugcina, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ezinye izingane ezinesisindo esiphansi zincane futhi ziphilile. Kodwa isisindo sokuzalwa sosana lwakho singasiza odokotela ukuthi banqume ukuthi ludinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile yini ngemva nje kokuzalwa. Ezinye izingane zingaba nezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo ngenxa yesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa. Uma ingane yakho izalwa inesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa, kungase kudingeke ihlale ku-NICU. Lokho kungaba nzima ukukuthwala. Kodwa thembela odokotela bengane yakho . Benza konke okusemandleni abo ukusiza ingane yakho. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi uzijwayeze imikhuba enempilo kusukela ngesikhathi ukhulelwe futhi ulandele iseluleko sikadokotela wakho ngemva kokuthola ingane yakho.

isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuvinjelwa kokukhula kombungu, i-NICU, impilo yomntwana, ukukhulelwa, ukunakekelwa kwengane