Ingabe uke waba nekhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo elinomkhuhlane omkhulu, futhi wazizwa uqine kangangokuthi awukwazi ngisho nokunyakaza intamo yakho? Noma ingabe ingane yakho encane ibe nomkhuhlane, ikhala njalo, futhi ayiphumuli kahle ngaphandle kokuphuza ubisi? Lezi akuzona izimpawu okufanele sizishaye indiva. Ngoba ngemuva kwalezi zimpawu, kungase kube nesimo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi "umkhuhlane wobuchopho" noma i-meningitis, esesizwile sonke ngayo, esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi, masiqaphele lokhu.
Kuyini i-Meningitis?
Kalula nje, ubuchopho, obufana nesikhungo sokulawula somzimba wethu, kanye nomgogodla owuxhumanisayo futhi ogijima phansi komgogodla, yizitho ezimbili ezibucayi nezibalulekile. Ukuze kuvikelwe lezi zitho ezimbili ezibalulekile, zizungezwe isembozo esenziwe ngezindwangu ezintathu ezithambile. Ngokwezokwelapha sibiza lezi zindwangu ngokuthi ama-meninges . Cabanga ngazo njengento efana nezendlalelo zokuvikela ngaphakathi kwesigqoko. Ngaphakathi kwalezi zindwangu kukhona imizwa, imithambo yegazi, nezinto ezibalulekile ezibizwa ngokuthi uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF).
Ngakho-ke, uma ngesizathu esithile la ma-membrane e-meningeal etheleleka futhi evuvukala, okungukuthi, uma evuvukala, yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-meningitis . Lapho la ma-membrane evuvukala, ingcindezi ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni iyanda. Lokhu kungaba yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi esisongela ngisho nokuphila. Ngakho-ke, sibheka lokhu njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-meningitis?
Yebo, sihlukanisa i-meningitis ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe embangela. Lezo yizinhlobo ezibangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kanye nezinhlobo ezibangelwa ezinye izimbangela ezingathelelani.
| Izinhlobo Ezithelelanayo | Izinhlobo Ezingathelelani |
|---|---|
| I-meningitis ebangelwa amagciwane: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu noluyingozi. | I-Autoimmune meningitis: Ingabangelwa izinkinga ngesistimu yomzimba yokuzivikela komzimba. |
| I-viral meningitis: Ngokuvamile ayibi kakhulu kunohlobo lwebhaktheriya. | I-carcinomatous meningitis: Ibangelwa ukusabalala kwamaseli omdlavuza kuma-meninges. |
| I-meningitis yefungal: Ayivamile. | I-aseptic meningitis ebangelwa yimithi (i-DIAM): Akuvamile kakhulu, ingabangelwa yimithi ethile. |
| I-parasitic meningitis: Isimo esingavamile esibangelwa yizinambuzane. | I-meningitis yangemva kwenhlekelele: Ingenzeka ngemva kokulimala ekhanda okukhulu. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela babhekisela kulesi simo ngezindlela eziningana:
- Okubukhali: Izimpawu zivela ngokuzumayo, ngokuzumayo. I-bacterial meningitis ivame ukuwela kulesi sigaba.
- Okungapheli: Izimpawu zikhula kancane kancane futhi zihlala inyanga noma ngaphezulu.
- I-Aseptic: Uma uketshezi lwakho lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) luhlolwa futhi kungatholakali magciwane, odokotela bakubiza ngokuthi i-aseptic meningitis. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kubangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo? Ungasibona kanjani?
Izimpawu ze-meningitis zingahluka kuye ngeminyaka. Ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane, izimpawu zihluke kakhulu kwezabantu abadala. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.
| Izici zezingane ezindala kanye nabantu abadala | Izici zezingane ezincane |
|---|---|
| Imfiva | I-fontanelle evuvukele (i-fontanelle evuvukele) |
| Ukuqina kwentamo (ubunzima bokugoba) | Ukwenqaba noma ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kobisi |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu | Ukukhala njalo, ukungahlaliseki |
| Ubunzima bokubheka ukukhanya (i-Photophobia) | Ukozela njalo, ubunzima bokuvuka |
| Ukuhlanza noma isicanucanu | Ubuthaka |
| Ukudideka, ukuqonda okushintshile | |
| Ukuzizwa ukhathele, ubuthongo obukhulu | |
| Isifiso sokudla |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho enalezi zimpawu, ungalindi isikhathi eside. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha okukhulu. Udokotela angakwazi ukuthola ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela bese eqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
Kuzwakala kanjani ikhanda elibuhlungu le-meningitis?
Lokhu akufani nekhanda elivamile. Ikhanda elibuhlungu elibangelwa yi-meningitis livame ukuba libi kakhulu . Ubuhlungu bungasakazeka entanyeni buye emgogodleni noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ukuhambisa intamo emuva naphambili, ikakhulukazi ukuletha isilevu esifubeni, kungaba buhlungu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nobuhlungu obuncane. Ngakho-ke, uma unezinye izimpawu, ungalindi kuze kube yilapho ikhanda libi kakhulu.
Yini ebangela i-meningitis? Ingabe iyathelelana kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye?
Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, i-meningitis ingabangelwa yizimo ezithathelwanayo kanye nezingezona ezithathelwanayo.
- I-meningitis yamagciwane: Ngokuvamile ibangelwa amagciwane afana ne-'Streptococcus pneumoniae' kanye ne-'Neisseria meningitidis'.
- I-viral meningitis: Ingabangelwa amagciwane anjenge-'Enteroviruses'.
- I-meningitis yesikhunta: Ingabangelwa ukuphefumula izinhlobo ezithile zesikhunta ezitholakala endaweni ezungezile, njenge-'Cryptococcus neoformans'.
- I-parasitic meningitis: Isimo esingavamile esibangelwa ukugwinya ezinye izimuncagazi.
- Ezinye izimbangela: Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda, eminye imidlavuza, izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba njenge-lupus, futhi, akuvamile, imithi ethile ingabangela ne-meningitis.
Manje umbuzo omkhulu ongase uzibuze wona ukuthi ingabe uyathelelana yini. 'Isimo' se-meningitis (okungukuthi, ukuvuvukala kwe-meninges) asithelelani kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Kodwa-ke, amagciwane abangela i-meningitis yamagciwane kanye negciwane angadluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezinto ezifana nokuthimula, ukukhwehlela, ukuqabula, noma ukudla epuletini elifanayo.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane yokuthola i-meningitis kunabanye.
- Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kanye nabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
- Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka (isib. abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, labo abathola ukwelashwa komdlavuza).
- Abantu abakhishwe umbende.
- Abantu abanezifo ezingapheli zendlebe nekhala.
- Abantu abake bahlinzwa ubuchopho noma umgogodla.
- Abantu abahlala ezindaweni lapho abantu abaningi behlala khona ndawonye, njengasezindlini zokuhlala ekhampasi noma esikhungweni sezempi.
Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu?
Uma uya esibhedlela, into yokuqala udokotela ayenzayo ukulalela ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho bese ekuxilonga. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele enze izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukugula nokuthola imbangela eqondile.
- Ukuthatha isampula ekhaleni noma emphinjeni: Hlola amagciwane.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izimpawu zokutheleleka.
- I-CT scan noma i-MRI scan: Ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvuvukala okuzungeze ubuchopho.
- Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar / ukuthepha komgogodla: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka inalithi encane kakhulu emhlane wakho ongezansi bese uthatha isampula encane yoketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) bese uyithumela elebhu. Lolu ketshezi lungahlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi une-meningitis nokuthi ibangelwa yini amagciwane noma igciwane. Asikho isidingo sokwesaba lolu vivinyo, njengoba odokotela bekwenza ngokucophelela okukhulu.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela ye-meningitis.
- Ama-antibiotic anamandla emithanjeni ye -bacterial meningitisKudingeka siqale maduze. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo.
- I-viral meningitis ivame ukuxazululeka yodwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-7-10. Ukuphumula, uketshezi, kanye nemithi yokuqeda ubuhlungu yizona zindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko. Kodwa-ke, uma ibangelwa amagciwane athile, njenge-herpesvirus, imithi yokulwa namagciwane ingadingeka.
- Kunikezwa imithi yokulwa nefungus meningitis .
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-corticosteroids anikezwa ukunciphisa imithi yokuvuvukala, ubuhlungu kanye nomkhuhlane, kanye ne-saline (i-IV fluids) ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
Ingabe i-meningitis ingavinjelwa?
Nakuba kungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi.
- Goma: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Kunemithi yokugoma ephumelelayo yokulwa namanye amagciwane abangela i-bacterial meningitis. Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ithola yonke imithi yokugoma eyidingayo ngokwesimiso sokugoma sikazwelonke.
- Geza izandla zakho kahle: Ukugeza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela emagciwaneni amaningi.
- Gwema ukuxhumana nabantu abanezifo ezithelelanayo: Gwema ukusondelana nabantu abakhwehlelayo kanye nomkhuhlane.
- Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho uma ukhwehlela futhi uthimula.
- Qaphela ukudla namanzi: Yidla ukudla okuphekiwe kahle. Gwema ukuphuza noma ukubhukuda emanzini angcolile.
- Ukuvikelwa komiyane kanye namakhizane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Meningitis yisimo esiphuthumayo lapho ulwelwesi oluzungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla luvuvukala khona, okudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Umkhuhlane ongazelelwe, ikhanda elibuhlungu elingabekezeleleki, kanye nokuqina kwentamo yizimpawu eziyinhloko kubantu abadala.
- Izimpawu ezinganeni ezincane ziyahlukahluka. Eziyinhloko zifaka phakathi ukuvuvukala kwezingono, ukungaphuzi ubisi, ukukhala kakhulu kanye nokulala.
- Uma ubona eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zimpawu, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungasindisa izimpilo futhi kuvimbele izinkinga.
- Ukugonyelwa i-bacterial meningitis kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lesi sifo. Thola imithi yokugomela yakho neyezingane zakho ngesikhathi.
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