Ingabe kuyinto enkulu uma uthola igciwane emzimbeni wakho? Ake sifunde nge-meningococcemia!

Wake wezwa ngesifo esiba nzima kakhulu emzimbeni ngokuzumayo futhi esingasongela impilo? I-Meningococcemia ingenye yezimo eziphuthumayo ezinjalo. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amagciwane engena egazini lethu futhi esakazeka ngokushesha emzimbeni wonke. Abanye abantu bakubiza nangokuthi i-meningococcal septicemia. Nakuba lesi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu, uma sivela, siyingozi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela.

Iyini ngempela i-meningococcemia?

Kalula nje, i-meningococcemia iyisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila. Ibangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis). Uma leli bhaktheriya lingena egazini lethu, lilimaza imithambo yegazi yethu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi igazi lingahambi kahle ezithweni nasezicutshini ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni wethu. Lokhu kubangela izimpawu ezifana nezandla nezinyawo ezibandayo, ubuhlungu obukhulu emzimbeni, kanye nesikhumba esimpunga. Igazi lingavuza emithanjeni yegazi ephukile futhi lakhe amabala amancane ngaphansi kwesikhumba. La mabala angase abe mancane ekuqaleni, kodwa kamuva angakhula abe makhudlwana futhi asakazeke kuwo wonke umzimba.

Khumbula, i-meningococcemia iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Uma uba nophawu oluncane kakhulu, kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-meningitis kanye ne-meningococcemia?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nange-meningitis. Zombili zibangelwa yibhaktheriya efanayo, i-N. meningitidis. Kodwa kunomehluko omncane.

• I-Meningitis yilapho leli gciwane lihlasela ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla (uhlelo lwezinzwa ngaphakathi komgogodla).
• I-Meningococcemia yilapho leli gciwane lingena egazini lethu bese lisithelela.

Ngezinye izikhathi zombili lezi zimo zingenzeka ndawonye. Futhi, amanye amagciwane, isikhunta, noma amabhaktheriya angabangela ukutheleleka kobuchopho (i-meningitis).

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo?

I-Meningococcemia empeleni iyisifo esingavamile kakhulu. Isibonelo, ezweni elifana ne-United States, kubikwa amacala angaphansi kuka-400 minyaka yonke. Kodwa-ke, yize kungavamile, ingozi ayinciphi uma kwenzeka. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-meningococcemia?

Izimpawu zalesi sifo zinzima kakhulu, futhi zikhula ngokushesha emahoreni ambalwa. Abantu abaningi basichaza ngokuthi "ubuhlungu obukhulu kunabo bonke abake babuzwa empilweni yabo." Izimpawu eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Izandla nezinyawo ezibandayo: Umzimba uyabanda futhi izitho zingase zizwakale njengeqhwa uma zithintwa.
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu bemisipha: Ubuhlungu bungaba nzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni.
• Ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nokuzola: Ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ulele njalo.
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo: Izinga lokuphefumula lingakhuphuka ngokuzumayo.
• Ubuhlungu besisu: Isisu esibuhlungu, ngezinye izikhathi esibi kakhulu.
• Ukuthuthumela noma ukuqina okuvamile: Ungase uzwe ukuthuthumela nokuthuthumela.
• Izinguquko zesikhumba: Isikhumba singase siphenduke sibe mhlophe ngokuzumayo, noma umbala wesikhumba ungashintsha, futhi amabala ashintshe umbala angavela kwezinye izindawo.
• Amabala ayisicaba abomvu, ansundu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma ansomi esikhumbeni: Lawa aqala njengamabala amancane (i-petechiae). Ngokuvamile avela ezindaweni eziqinile ngezingubo, njengemakhwapheni, amabhande okhalweni, amaqakala, izindololwane, namathanga angaphakathi. Lawa mabala angakhula abe makhudlwana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi asakazeke emzimbeni wonke (i-purpura). Kodwa-ke, ungalindi ukuthi lawa mabala asakazeke. Uma unenkinga , funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yini ebangela i-meningococcemia?

Njengoba sesixoxile kakade, imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Neisseria meningitidis . Leli gciwane lingangena emizimbeni yethu uma siliphefumula. Lingahamba ngamaphaphu liye egazini lethu (elibangela i-meningococcemia) noma liye ebuchosheni (elibangela i-meningitis). Uma selifikile egazini, leli gciwane lilimaza imithambo yegazi yethu. Lokhu kuphuca izicubu zethu umoya-mpilo eziwudingayo.

Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kanjani sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye?

Ibhaktheriya (i-N. meningitidis) isakazeka phakathi kwabantu abasondelene kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi:

• Ngokuqabulana.
• Ngokwabelana ngezinto ezifana nokudla, amabhodlela amanzi, kanye nezinkomishi.
• Ngezinye izikhathi kungasakazeka phakathi kwabantu abahlala endlini eyodwa noma abavame ukuchitha isikhathi ndawonye (isibonelo, abangane besikole, abantu abahlala ezindlini zokuhlala ekhampasi).

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane yokuthola i-meningococcemia. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Izinsana: Ikakhulukazi ezinganeni eziphakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha neminyaka emibili ubudala.
• Intsha: Abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-16 no-23.
• Intsha ehlala ndawonye ngamaqembu: isibonelo, labo abasezindlini zokulala zaseyunivesithi.
• Abantu abaya noma abahlala ezingxenyeni ezithile zase-Afrika (e-sub-Saharan Africa).
• Abantu abanezinkinga ezithile zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela: Okusho ukuthi, abantu abanezimo ezifana nokutheleleka `(i-HIV)`, `(ukuhambisana nokuntuleka kwezingxenye)`.
• Abantu abathatha imithi "ehambisanayo yokuvimbela" yezifo ezithile.
• Abantu abangenayo i-spleen noma abane-spleen engasebenzi kahle.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezinkulu ezingase zivele ngenxa yalesi sifo?

Izinkinga ze-MeningococcemiaKungaba yingozi empilweni futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukukhubazeka okungapheli ngisho nangemva kokululama. Nazi ezinye zezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu:

• Ukushaqeka kwe-Septic: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umfutho wegazi womzimba wehla kakhulu ngendlela eyingozi.
• Ukugoqana Kwemithambo Yegazi Okusabalalisiwe (DIC): Lesi yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kalula nje, inqubo yokugoqa igazi iyaphazamiseka, okubangela ukopha okungalawuleki.
• I-Purpura fulminans: Lolu uhlobo olubi lwe-DIC. Lungabangela ukuba izicubu zesikhumba zife.
• I-Gangrene: Ukufa kwezicubu emzimbeni ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kudingeke ukuba kunqunywe isitho.
• I-Myocarditis: Ukuvuvukala kanye nokutheleleka kwemisipha yenhliziyo.
• Ukulimala noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwezitho zangaphakathi: Izitho ezibalulekile njengezinso nesibindi zingalimala.

Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo?

Odokotela bavame ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukubhoboza i-lumbar ukuze bahlole i-meningococcemia. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo siyingozi kakhulu, uma udokotela esola ukuthi unaso ngokushesha nje lapho ekubona, bazoqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulinda imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha lesi sifo?

I-Meningococcemia iphathwa kakhulu ngama-antibiotic. Ama-antibiotic avame ukusetshenziswa yi-ceftriaxone, i-cefotaxime, noma i-penicillin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bangase futhi:

• Uma kukhona izicubu ezifile, zisuswa ngokuhlinzwa.
• Uma umfutho wegazi uphansi, kuzonikezwa isisombululo sikasawoti noma imithi yokwandisa umfutho wegazi.
• Uma kunzima ukuphefumula, kunikezwa umoya-mpilo futhi ungase uxhunywe ngisho nomshini wokuphefumula.

Uma uhlaselwa yilesi sifo, kuzodingeka uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ama-antibiotic azonikezwa ngesisombululo sikasawoti (IV) angene emthanjeni. Uzonikezwa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukulawula noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zivele futhi zikugcine ukhululekile.

Ingabe lesi sifo singalapheka ngokuphelele? Lingakanani izinga lokululama?

Yebo, i-meningococcemia ingelashwa ngama-antibiotic. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nangokwelashwa, lesi sifo ngezinye izikhathi singadala izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokho ongakulindela ngesikhathi sokululama kwakho.

Lokhu kuyabulala uma kungelashwa.Lokho kusho ukuthi uma ungatholi ukwelashwa, uzokufa nakanjani. Ngisho naphakathi kwalabo abaphathwa ngama-antibiotic, izinga lokufa liphakathi kuka-10% no-15%. Lokho kusho ukuthi ngisho nangokwelashwa, akuwona wonke umuntu ongasindiswa. Yilokho okuyingozi kakhulu lokhu.

Kufanele siye nini esibhedlela ngokushesha?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho nizwa noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingenhla, iya emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha. Lesi sifo singaba sibi kakhulu ngokushesha futhi singasongela impilo zingakapheli amahora ambalwa.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, kungaba usizo ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Kuzongithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ngilulame?
• Ngingayiphatha kanjani imiphumela yesikhathi eside noma izinkinga ezingase zivele ngemva kwalokhu?
• Ingabe abangani bami/umndeni/abantu engihlala nabo badinga ukuthatha ama-antibiotic ukuze bavimbele ukusabalala kwalokhu?
• Kufanele ngize nini kudokotela futhi?

Singazivikela kanjani kulesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Meningococcemia?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kulesi sifo ukuthola imijovo ye-meningococcal. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemijovo: i-Meningococcal conjugate/MenACWY kanye ne-MenB. Odokotela bavame ukuncoma:

• Thola umuthi wokugomela i-MenACWY wengane ngayinye eneminyaka ephakathi kuka-11-12 kanye nomjovo wokukhulisa lapho eneminyaka engu-16.
• Izingane ezincane kanye nabantu abadala abasengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo, ikakhulukazi ezivela emaqenjini amagciwane e-meningococcal A, C, W, noma Y, kufanele bathole umuthi wokugomela (i-MenACWY).
• Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo se-meningococcal eqenjini B kufanele bathole umuthi wokugomela (i-MenB).

Ungabuza udokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela wezingane ngale mithi yokugoma.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaye baxhumana eduze nomuntu one-meningococcemia (isib., abantu abake baqabulana, abantu abahlala endlini efanayo) banganciphisa ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo ngokuthatha ama-antibiotic njengoba kunqunywe udokotela.

Ekugcineni, kufanele ngithi...

I-Meningococcemia iyisifo esingavamile kakhulu. Kunemigomo yokuvikela kuyo. Kodwa-ke, kusengenzeka ukuthi itheleleke, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kuvela izimpawu.

Lalela umzimba wakho. Uma kwenzeka okuthile okungathi sína, uzokuzwa. Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezinye zalezi zimpawu, ningalindi zize zibe zimbi kakhulu. Yiya esibhedlela ngokushesha, utshele odokotela ukuthi uzizwa kanjani kanye nezinsolo zakho. Ukuqala ukwelashwa emahoreni ambalwa kusenesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu emathubeni akho okululama.

'I-Meningococcemia, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, ubuthi egazini, isimo esiphuthumayo, i-meningitis, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukugoma