Uke waphawula iqhubu elikhanyayo esikhumbeni sakho? Ake sifunde ngomdlavuza we-Merkel Cell Carcinoma oyingozi.

Uke waphawula iqhubu elincane esikhumbeni sakho, ikakhulukazi ebusweni bakho, entanyeni, noma ezandleni ezivame ukuchayeka elangeni? Ingabe liyakhazimula, libomvu, futhi kunzima ukulithinta? Abantu abaningi abazinaki kakhulu lezi zinto, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza wesikhumba ongavamile kodwa oyingozi kakhulu obizwa ngokuthi i-Merkel Cell Carcinoma . Ngakho ake sixoxe ngakho namuhla.

Kalula nje, iyini i-Merkel Cell Carcinoma?

I-Merkel cell carcinoma uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile nolukhula ngokushesha oluqala emaseli e-Merkel esikhumbeni sethu. Lungaba yingozi empilweni.

Cabanga ngakho, ekujuleni kwengqimba ephezulu yesikhumba sethu, okuyilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-epidermis , yilawa maseli e-Merkel. Lawa uhlobo olukhethekile kakhulu lweseli. Ngenxa yokuthi lawa maseli asebenza ngokubambisana nesimiso sethu sezinzwa kanye nesimiso se-endocrine, abizwa nangokuthi amaseli e-neuroendocrine . Ukuze kube sobala, lawa maseli atholakala eduze kweziphetho zezinzwa ezisisiza ukuba sizwe ukuthintwa.

Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezifana nokukhanya kwe-UV okuvela elangeni kulimaza la maseli e-Merkel futhi kubangele ukuba akhule ngendlela engalawuleki. Yilapho lo mdlavuza uvela khona. Into eyingozi kakhulu ngalo mdlavuza ukuthi usakazeka ngokushesha kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba futhi unethuba elikhulu lokubuya ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa.

Yini ebangela lo mdlavuza? Ubani osengozini enkulu?

Kunezici eziningana eziyinhloko ezibangela ukuthuthukiswa kwalo mdlavuza.

Izizathu eziyinhloko

• Imisebe ye-UV: Imbangela eyinhloko ukukhanya kwelanga. Ukuchayeka njalo elangeni, ukushiswa yilanga, kanye nokuchayeka emithonjeni yokukhanya yokwenziwa njengemibhede yokushiswa kwelanga kungalimaza i-DNA yamangqamuzana esikhumba sethu. Lo monakalo yiwona oholela ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• I-Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCP): Lokhu kuyamangaza kancane. Cishe abantu abayisishiyagalombili kwabayishumi abanalo mdlavuza batheleleke ngegciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCP) . Kodwa ungakhathazeki, leli gciwane liyigciwane elivame kakhulu esingalithola ebuntwaneni ngaphandle kokulazi, futhi alibangeli zimpawu. Akuwona wonke umuntu onalo emzimbeni wakhe ozoba nomdlavuza. Ochwepheshe basazama ukuthola ukuthi kungani abanye abantu kuphela abathola umdlavuza kuleli gciwane.

Izici zengozi

Nakuba noma ubani engaba nalo mdlavuza, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.

• Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engu-50 anesikhumba esikhanyayo asengozini enkulu.
• Uma uke waba nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba ngaphambilini, njenge- basal cell carcinoma , i-squamous cell carcinoma , noma i-melanoma .
• Uma uke washiswa kakhulu yilanga noma wasebenzisa imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba .
• Njengoba ngithole ukwelashwa nge-phototherapy kwezifo zesikhumba.
• Uma amasosha omzimba ebuthakathaka ngenxa yezifo ezifana ne -HIV/AIDS , ezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia, noma ezinye izimbangela.
• Uma uthatha ama-immunosuppressants ngemva kokufakelwa isitho.

Ziyini izimpawu zalo mdlavuza?

Izimila ze-Merkel cell carcinoma zivame ukubonakala esikhumbeni esivezwe yilanga. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.

Lesi sifo sitholakala futhi selashwa kanjani?

Uma unalesi sibonakaliso, kufanele nakanjani ubonane nodokotela wesikhumba , ngoba ngezinye izikhathi la maqhubu angafana nezinye izimo, njenge-benign cyst noma i-hair follicle ethelelekile ( folliculitis ).

Ukuxilongwa

Udokotela uzoqala ahlole isikhumba somzimba wakho wonke. Bazohlola nama-lymph node avuvukele ezindaweni ezifana nentamo yakho nasemakhwapheni ukuze babone ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini. Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lesi sifo sisabalale ngempela, kuthathwa ingxenye encane yesigaxa bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-skin biopsy .

Uma umdlavuza uqinisekiswa, kwenziwa izivivinyo ezifana ne -CT scan kanye ne -PET scan ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ususakazeke kangakanani emzimbeni.

Izindlela zokwelapha

Ukwelashwa kunqunywa yisigaba somdlavuza.

1. Ukuhlinzwa: Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ngokuphelele isimila somdlavuza.

• Ukuhlinzwa kukaMohs: Kulokhu, ungqimba lomdlavuza kuphela olususwa ngobunono kakhulu, okunciphisa umonakalo esikhumbeni esinempilo.
• Ukususwa kwendawo ebanzi: Isimila somdlavuza kanye nendawo encane yesikhumba esinempilo esizungezile kuyasuswa.
• Ukusikwa kwama-lymph node: Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node, lawo ma-node asuswa ngokuhlinzwa.

2. Ukwelashwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa: Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase asele emzimbeni.

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza kusetshenziswa imisebe enamandla aphezulu.
• Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezithathelwana Ngocansi: Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba ukuze alwe namaseli omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukunikeza imithi ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sizivikele kulo mdlavuza?

Kunokwelapha lesi sifo uma sesiqalile, kungcono ukunciphisa ingozi yokusithola. Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezilula ongazenza ukuze wenze lokho.

• Isikrini sokuvikela ilanga siyadingeka: i-SPF engu-60 noma ngaphezulu nsuku zonke, noma ngabe usekhaya.Sebenzisa isithako esihle sokuvikela ilanga. Uma uphuma ngaphandle, siphinde usifake njalo emahoreni amabili.
• Gwema ilanga: Gwema ukuba selangeni phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kufanele uphume ngaphandle, iya endaweni enomthunzi.
• Gwema ngokuphelele imibhede yokushiswa kwesikhumba: Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu esikhumbeni.
• Mboza isikhumba sakho: Uma uphuma ngaphandle, gqoka izingubo ezinemikhono emide, isigqoko esikhulu, nezibuko zelanga ezinhle.
• Nakekela isikhumba sakho: Hlola isikhumba sakho njalo. Uma ubona indawo entsha, iqhubu, ushintsho endaweni ekhona, noma isilonda esingapholi, bona udokotela ngokushesha .