Ingabe uzizwa sengathi uphelelwa amandla ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba wakho, noma umbono wakho ufiphele kancane kwelinye iso? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu noma udidekile ngaphandle kwesizathu? Lezi zinto ziyafika zidlule, ngakho-ke ungase ungazinaki kakhulu. Kodwa lezi zingaba izimpawu zokuqala zesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Multiple Sclerosis, noma i-MS, esikhuluma ngaso namuhla. Ungakhathazeki, sizogcina konke kulula.
Kalula nje, iyini le MS?
Cabanga nje, njengebutho lezokuvikela lezwe lethu, imizimba yethu nayo inesimiso somzimba esisivikela ezifweni. Umsebenzi waso oyinhloko ukuhlonza nokubhubhisa izitha ezifana namagciwane namagciwane angena emzimbeni, okusigcina siphilile.
Kodwa esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-MS, kwenzeka into exakile kakhulu. Uhlelo lwethu lokuzivikela, uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba, lucabanga ngephutha ukuthi amanye amangqamuzana ethu amahle ayizitha bese luqala ukuwahlasela. Ngokukhethekile, lokhu kuhlasela kuhlose imicu yezinzwa ezungeze ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla (i-Central Nervous System) .
Lezi zinhlayiya zemizwa zifana nezintambo zikagesi. Intambo kagesi inomgoqo wepulasitiki owuzungezile ukuze uvimbele ugesi ukuthi ungaphumi futhi ugeleze kahle. Ngokufanayo, izinhlayiya zethu zemizwa nazo zinomgoqo ovikelayo obizwa ngokuthi i-myelin . Le mgoqo ye-myelin ibalulekile ekudlulisweni okusheshayo nokunembile kwezimpawu ezivela ebuchosheni ziye emzimbeni wonke.
Umuntu one-MS unesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esihlasela i-myelin sheath. Lokhu kuhlasela konakalisa i-myelin sheath. Bese, njengocingo olune-plastic sheath ehlutshiwe, imiyalezo evela ebuchosheni ayihambi kahle. Imiyalezo iyehliswa ijubane, iyaxubana, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iyayeka ngokuphelele. Izimpawu ozizwayo zibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokuxhumana kwaleyo miyalezo.
Kalula nje, i-MS yisifo sesikhathi eside (esingamahlalakhona) lapho amasosha ethu omzimba ehlasela khona ingxenye evikelayo yesimiso sethu sezinzwa.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-MS?
I-MS ayithinti wonke umuntu ngendlela efanayo. Ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko, kuye ngokuthi izimpawu zivela kanjani nokuthi ziqhubeka kanjani. Cabanga ngayo njengezinhlobo ezine ezahlukene zesifo esifanayo. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi unaluphi uhlobo.
| Uhlobo lwe-MS | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) | Lesi yisikhathi sokuqala izimpawu ze-MS zivela. Lezi zimpawu zingahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-24. Kodwa-ke, abukho ubufakazi obanele bokunquma ngokuqinisekile ukuthi lokhu kuyi-MS. Akuwona wonke umuntu one-CIS ozoba ne-MS esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa kuyisici esiyingozi. |
| I-MS Ebuyela Emuva (i-RRMS) | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu (cishe u-85 kwabayi-100). Kulolu hlobo, izimpawu zivela ngokuzumayo (okubizwa ngokuthi ukubuyela emuva noma ukuhlasela), zihlala izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto, bese zinyamalala ngokuphelele noma kancane (ukuxolelwa). Izimpawu ezintsha zingase zivele futhi ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni kamuva. |
| I-MS Eqhubekayo Yesibili (i-SPMS) | Ngokuvamile, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi ye-RRMS, lesi simo siphenduka sibe yilesi sigaba esibizwa ngokuthi i-SPMS. Yilapho lesi sifo siyeka ukuza sidlule, futhi izimpawu ziqala ukuba zimbi kancane kancane. |
| I-MS Eqhubekayo Eyinhloko (PPMS) | Kulolu hlobo, izimpawu ziyanda kancane kancane kusukela ngosuku isifo esiqala ngalo, futhi azikho izinkinga zokubuyela emuva kanye nokuphumula njengakwi-RRMS. |
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo eziyinhloko, kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-MS ezingavamile, ezivame ukuba nezimpawu ezibucayi nezisheshayo.
Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala nezivame kakhulu ze-MS?
Izimpawu ze-MS ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Ngisho nakumuntu ofanayo, ubukhulu bezimpawu bungahluka usuku nosuku. Ngoba izimpawu zincike ekutheni umonakalo wenzeka kuphi ohlelweni lwezinzwa.
Izimpawu zokuqala
- Ukushintsha kombono: Ukubona okufiphele kwelinye iso, ukulahlekelwa umbono wombala, ubuhlungu lapho uhambisa iso (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Optic Neuritis"), kanye nokubona okuphindwe kabili.
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha: Ubuthakathaka, obuvame ukuzwakala ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba (isb., ingalo yesobunxele nomlenze wesobunxele) noma ngaphansi kwesinqe.
- Ukuba ndikindiki noma imizwa engavamile: Umuzwa wokucasuka, ukuhlaba, noma ukushisa ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, imilenze, noma izingalo ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
- Ukukhathala: Lokhu akusikho nje ukukhathala okuvamile. Kunzima kangangokuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulala kangakanani, uzizwa ukhathele futhi awukwazi ukuqhubeka nosuku.
- Ubunzima bokuhamba nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi: Ukukhubeka ngenkathi uhamba, uzizwa sengathi ulahlekelwa ibhalansi yakho futhi uyawa.
- Isiyezi: Ukuzizwa sengathi igumbi liyajikeleza.
- Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha: Imisipha emilenzeni noma ezingalweni iba lukhuni futhi ibe buhlungu.
- Ubunzima bokulawula umchamo kanye nendle: isifiso sokuchama ngokuzumayo, ukungakwazi ukulawula umchamo.
- Ubunzima bokucabanga: izinto ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, kanye nobunzima bokuthola amagama.
- Izinguquko zengqondo: Ukuzizwa udabuke ngaphandle kwesizathu (ukucindezeleka), ukuzizwa ukhathazekile.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungacabangi ukuthi une-MS ngoba nje unesinye noma ezimbili zalezi zimpawu. Lezi zingaba futhi izimpawu zezinye izimo eziningi. Ngakho-ke , into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela bese uthola iseluleko .
Kungani i-MS ikhula? Yiziphi izici eziyingozi?
Eqinisweni, ososayensi abakakazi kahle ukuthi kungani amasosha omzimba womuntu eqala ukuziphatha kabi ngale ndlela. Kodwa bathole izici eziningana eziyingozi abacabanga ukuthi zingaba nomthelela kulokhu.
- Ithonya lezakhi zofuzo: Uma othile emndenini wakho, ikakhulukazi umzali noma umfowenu noma umfowenu, ene-MS, ingozi yakho yokuba nayo iphakeme kancane kuneyomphakathi jikelele. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi uzoyithola nakanjani.
- Ukutheleleka ngegciwane: Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukuchayeka kumagciwane athile, ikakhulukazi i-Epstein-Barr Virus, kuhlotshaniswa nokukhula kwe-MS.
- Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin D: Abantu abanamazinga aphansi e-vitamin D, esiwathola elangeni, basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-MS.
- Ukubhema: Abantu ababhemayo abagcini nje ngokuba sengozini enkulu yokuthola i-MS, kodwa futhi banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo ngokushesha.
- Ubudala nobulili: I-MS ivame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-20 no-40. Ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunabesilisa.
Lesi sifo sitholakala kanjani ngempela?
Ukuthola i-MS kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba kungekho ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuskena okuqondile. Esikhundleni salokho, udokotela uzolalela ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho, enze ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, futhi enze uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ukuze anqume ezinye izimo.
Uma udokotela wakho womndeni esola ukuthi ungaba ne-MS, uzokwenza.Uzothunyelwa kudokotela wezinzwa, ongenza izivivinyo eziningana ezikhethekile.
- I-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni kwe-MS. Lungabona ngokucacile izindawo zomonakalo (izilonda noma ama-plaque) ku-myelin sheath ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Evoked Potential (EP): Lokhu kulinganisa isivinini lapho imiyalezo ihamba khona ngemizwa. Uma i-myelin yonakele, leli jubane liyancipha.
- Ukubhoboza Ithambo: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane kakhulu yoketshezi oluzungeze umgogodla wakho (uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal) emgogodleni wakho bese uluhlola. Uma une-MS, amaprotheni athile angabonakala kulolu ketshezi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awunazo ezinye izifo ezibonisa izimpawu ezifana ne-MS (isib., ukuntuleka kwamavithamini athile, ezinye izifo ezizimele).
Ungakhathazeki, le nqubo ingathatha isikhathi. Ukuxilongwa okufanele kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwelashwa okufanele.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-MS?
Into yokuqala okufanele uyisho ukuthi alikho ikhambi le-MS okwamanje . Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezingalawula lesi sifo, zilawule izimpawu, futhi zinciphise kakhulu ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo.
Ukwelashwa kungahlukaniswa izingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko:
1. Izindlela Zokwelapha Eziguqula Izifo (DMTs)
Le mithi isebenza ngokushintsha indlela amasosha omzimba wakho ahlasela ngayo i-myelin sheath yakho. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukubuyela emuva, ukunciphisa umonakalo omusha, nokulawula izinkinga zesikhathi eside. Ziza njengemijovo, amaphilisi, noma ukufakwa ngemithambo yegazi. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-DMT olulungele wena.
2. Imithi Yokulawula Ukubuyela Emuva
Uma umuntu one-RRMS eba nokuvuvukala okungazelelwe kwezimpawu (ukubuyela emuva), imithi enamandla efana ne -corticosteroids inikezwa ngemithambo ukuze kuncishiswe ngokushesha ukuvuvukala ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Lokhu kusiza ukululama ngokushesha ezimpawini.
3. Ukuphathwa kwezimpawu
Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezahlukahlukene ezitholakalayo zokunciphisa umthelela we-MS empilweni yansuku zonke.
- Ukwelashwa Komzimba: Qinisa imisipha, uthuthukise ibhalansi, futhi unciphise ubunzima bokuhamba.
- Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Kukusiza ukuthi wenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke (isib. ukugqoka, ukupheka) kalula.
- Ukwelulekwa ngempilo yengqondo: Lawula ukucindezeleka kanye nokucindezeleka okungenzeka uma uphila nesifo sesikhathi eside njenge-MS.
- Imithi ethile:Kunikezwa imithi ehlukile yokukhathala, ukuqina kwemisipha, ubuhlungu, kanye nokungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo.
Kungenzeka yini ukuphila impilo evamile nejabulisayo nge-MS?
Yebo, kunjalo impela. Nakuba i-MS iyisimo sokuphila konke, akusona isigwebo sokufa. Ngezindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe zanamuhla, abantu abaningi abane-MS baphila impilo evamile, esebenzayo, neyanelisayo.
Yiqiniso, kuzodingeka ubhekane nezinselele ezithile. Kungase kudingeke usebenzise ithuluzi lokusiza njengenduku ukuze uhambe. Kungase kudingeke wenze izinguquko ezithile endleleni yakho yansuku zonke. Kodwa ngokwelashwa okufanele, indlela yokuphila enempilo, kanye nomqondo oqinile, unganqoba lezi zinselele.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo (njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho).
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele.
- Phumula kahle futhi ulale ngokwanele.
- Zama ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
Lezi zinto ziwusizo olukhulu ekulawuleni ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-MS akuyona isifo esiyiphutha lakho. Kuyisifo esiphazamisa amasosha omzimba.
- Lesi sifo asithelelani.
- Ngisho noma unezimpawu, udokotela kuphela onganquma ukuthi yi-MS noma cha. Ngakho-ke ungenzi izinqumo ezisekelwe ku-inthanethi.
- Ukwelashwa kwanamuhla kusebenza kahle kakhulu. Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngokushesha, umonakalo wesikhathi eside ungancishiswa.
- Awuwedwa. Kukhona odokotela abaningi, abelaphi, namaqembu okusekela ukusiza labo abaphila nalesi sifo. Hlala uqinile futhi unethemba.
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