Ake sifunde nge-biopsy yemisipha. Ingabe nawe ungadinga lokhu?

Wake wezwa 'nge-Muscle Biopsy'? Mhlawumbe wena noma othile omaziyo utshelwe udokotela ukuthi enze lokhu. Kuyini ngempela? Kungani kwenziwa? Ake sixoxe ngakho ngamazwi alula, ukuze uqonde. Asikho isidingo sokwesaba, kuvame ukwenziwa ukusiza ukuthola ukuthi inkinga yakho iyini ngempela.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwemisipha?

Kalula nje, i-biopsy yemisipha inqubo lapho kuthathwa khona ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu emisipheni yakho, okungukuthi, emisipheni emzimbeni wakho, bese ihlolwa. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthola ukuthi unezifo ezithile (`i-myopathies`) ezithinta imisipha yakho. Udokotela uthumela isampula yemisipha yamathambo elabhorethri. Lapho, bayayibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze babone ukuthi kukhona yini ukukhubazeka noma izinkinga. Kufana nokusika indwangu bese uhlola ukuthi imicu ilungile noma cha.

Ngidinga nini ukuhlolwa kwemisipha?

Cabanga ukuthi ubulokhu uzizwa ubuthakathaka emisipheni yakho isikhathi esithile, noma imisipha yakho iyaba buhlungu, ibuhlungu, noma unezinye izimpawu ezingavamile (izimpawu ze-'myopathy'). Udokotela angase akutshele ukuthi udinga ukwenza le biopsy. Kodwa ngeke bakwenze ngokushesha.

Odokotela bavame ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo ezimbalwa kuqala:

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba nangokwezinzwa : Uzohlolwa kahle ukuze ubone ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa lusebenza kanjani.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi : Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa okubheka i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-creatine kinase, noma ukuhlolwa kofuzo kungenziwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe : Izinto ezifana ne-MRI scans kanye ne-CT scans.
• Izifundo zokuqhuba imizwa kanye ne-electromyography (EMG) : Lokhu kubheka indlela imiyalezo ehamba ngayo phakathi kwezinzwa zakho nemisipha, kanye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo.

Ngisho nalezi zivivinyo, ngezinye izikhathi imbangela eqondile yalesi sifo ayikwazi ukutholakala. Yilapho odokotela beyalela khona ukuhlolwa kwemisipha ukuze bathole ulwazi olwengeziwe futhi bathole isifo ngokuqinisekile .

Ungadinga ukuhlolwa kwemisipha uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi unezinye zezimo ezilandelayo:

• I-Muscular dystrophy : Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Duchenne muscular dystrophy, i-Becker muscular dystrophy, kanye ne-myotonic dystrophy.
• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane : Ukutheleleka okufana ne-trichinosis kanye ne-toxoplasmosis okuthinta imisipha yakho.
• Izimo zemisipha yokuvuvukala: njenge-polymyositis kanye ne-dermatomyositis.
• I-Metabolic myopathies : Isibonelo, isifo se-Pompe kanye nezinye izifo zokugcina i-glycogen.
• I-Congenital myopathies : Izimo ezikhona lapho kuzalwa, njenge-nemaline myopathy.
• I-myopathies enobuthi : Izimo ezingase zenzeke ngokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ethile, isibonelo ama-steroid noma ama-statin.

Yimiphi imisipha evame ukukhethwa ukuze kuhlolwe izicubu?

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kuvame ukuthathwa komunye wemisipha ethile emzimbeni wakho. Evame kakhulu yile:

• Ama-Quadriceps : Iqembu elikhulu lemisipha elingaphambili kwethanga lakho.
• I-Deltoid : Umsipha oxhumanisa ingaphambili, uhlangothi, kanye nengemuva lehlombe lakho.
• I-Bicep : Umsipha ongaphambili kwengalo yakho engenhla, phakathi kwehlombe nendololwane.

Udokotela uzofuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imisipha ekhethiwe ukuze kuhlolwe izicubu ayibuthakathaka kakhulu noma inezinye izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, udokotela uzofuna futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imisipha ayibuthakathaka kakhulu, ayijovwanga muva nje, noma ilimele. Lokhu kungathinta imiphumela ye-biopsy futhi kungase kunganikezi ulwazi olunembile.

Ngingalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwemisipha?

Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela kabanzi nge-biopsy futhi akunike imiyalelo yokuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela le miyalelo ngqo. Uma ungaqondi okuthile noma unemibuzo, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho.

Ngokuvamile, kufanele uqaphele ngalezi zinto:

• Uma uke wajova imisipha, wahlolwa imisipha njenge-EMG, noma yikuphi ukulimala kwemisipha yakho ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule, kufanele nakanjani utshele udokotela wakho.
• Udokotela wakho angase akutshele ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yokuvimbela ukuvuza kwegazi njenge-aspirin ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze uvimbele izinkinga zokopha. Kodwa, kungcono ukungayeki ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekutshele ukuthi uyeke.
• Ungase ucelwe ukuba uzile ukudla amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi, ngaphandle kokudla noma ukuphuza noma yini (ngaphandle kwamanzi).
• Uma unikezwa umuthi wokudambisa noma i-anesthesia ejwayelekile phakathi nale nqubo, uzodinga umuntu ozokuthatha akuyise ekhaya ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy.

Iyini inqubo yokuhlolwa kwemisipha?

Izinyathelo zokuhlolwa kwemisipha ziyahlukahluka kancane kuye ngendlela esetshenzisiwe. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuhlolwa kwe-"open" kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-"needle". Noma ngabe yikuphi, wena (noma ingane yakho) ninganikwa "i-sedation" noma "i-anesthesia ejwayelekile" kusengaphambili.

Indlela yokwenza i-biopsy yemisipha evulekile

Izinyathelo zokuhlolwa kwemisipha evulekile zivame ukuba kanje:

• Udokotela uqala ngokuhlanza indawo yokusikwa ngesisombululo se-antiseptic.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa umuthi wokubulala izinzwa wendawo endaweni, ukuze ungazizwa ubuhlungu lapho kusika.
• Okulandelayo, kuzokwenziwa ukusika okungaba amasentimitha angu-4 kuya kwangu-6 ubude esikhumbeni sakho.
• Udokotela uzohlukanisa isikhumba sakho, ungqimba lwamafutha ngaphansi kwesikhumba (amafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba), kanye nolwelwesi olumboze imisipha (i-muscle fascia - izicubu ezixhumeneyo), bese eqhubekela emsipheni ongaphansi.
• Ukusuka lapho, kunqunywa isampula encane yezicubu zemisipha.
• Udokotela ube esevala ulwelwesi lwemisipha kanye nesikhumba futhi nge-sutures.
• Inxeba limbozwe ngemithi, amabhandeji kanye ne-gauze.

Indlela yokwenza i-biopsy yemisipha yenaliti

Izinyathelo ze-biopsy yemisipha yenaliti zivame ukuba kanje:

• Udokotela uqala ngokuhlanza indawo lapho kuzokwenziwa khona i-biopsy ngesisombululo se-antiseptic.
• Bese befaka umuthi wokubulala izinzwa wendawo, ukuze ungezwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi.
• Udokotela uzokwenza ukusika okuncane kakhulu esikhumbeni sakho.
• Okulandelayo, kufakwa ithuluzi elikhethekile le-biopsy ngenaliti ngokusebenzisa i-incision encane. Lokhu kuvame ukuba cishe usayizi wepensela.
• Umshini we-ultrasound (i-ultrasound imaging) usetshenziswa ukuqondisa le divayisi ngqo emisipheni.
• Udokotela ube esesebenzisa ithuluzi ukusika izingcezu eziningana ezincane zezicubu zemisipha. Ngokuvamile, kuthathwa amasampula angaba mathathu noma amane.
• Ngemva kokususa inani elidingekayo lezicubu, ithuluzi liyasuswa, kufakwa ingcindezi endaweni okwesikhashana ukuze kumiswe ukopha, kufakwe umuthi enxebeni, bese kuvalwa i-gauze namabhandeji.

Kubuhlungu kangakanani lokhu?

Uma wenza lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu. Uma ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo, ubuhlungu buzoba buncane, noma bungabi bikho nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ungase uzizwe ucindezelwa noma udonswa kancane.

Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwezicubu, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obuncane endaweni yokuhlolwa kwezicubu cishe izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Ikakhulukazi uma uhlolwe izicubu ezivulekile, indawo ingaba buhlungu cishe isonto lonke. Kungase kube khona nemihuzuko endaweni.

Kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho ngalokho okungenziwa ngobuhlungu kanye nohlobo lwemithi okufanele uyithathe.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa kwegazi?

Uma unikezwe umuthi wokudambisa ubuhlungu noma umuthi wokubulala izinzwa ojwayelekile, uzoyiswa ekamelweni lokululama isikhashana ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy. Uzohlala lapho kuze kube yilapho imiphumela yomuthi iphela. Ungabe usuya ekhaya, kodwa kufanele omunye umuntu akuhambise ekhaya. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo yokuthi ungalinakekela kanjani inxeba le-biopsy.

Udokotela usebenzisa amakhemikhali akhethekile ukuze aqandise ngokushesha isampula yemisipha ethathwe ku-biopsy (`flash freeze`). Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kugcinwe izicubu ziqinile futhi zifanele ukuhlolwa. Bese zithunyelwa elabhorethri. Kukhona 'udokotela wezifo ochwepheshe bezifo ze-neuromuscular'. Uzohlola isampula ngokucophelela ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ngezinye izikhathi uchwepheshe uzokwenza ezinye izivivinyo kusampula. Isibonelo, bazosebenzisa amadayi akhethekile (`amabala`) noma bahlole 'ama-antibodies' athile.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi zokuhlolwa kwemisipha?

Izinkinga ezivela ekuhlolweni kwemisipha azivamile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezingenzeka ezimweni ezingavamile:

• Ukutheleleka kwesilonda.
• Ukuvela kwemisipha enxebeni (`i-muscle hernia`).
• Ukuvulwa kabusha kwenxeba ngemva kokuba izithungo zikhululekile.
• Ukulimala ngengozi kuwukulimala okungahlosiwe emisipheni yakho, emsipheni, noma emthanjeni wegazi.

Isibazi singase sihlale endaweni lapho kwenziwa khona i-biopsy. Izibazi zesikhumba zabanye abantu zilula kakhulu kunabanye.

Ngizowuthola nini umbiko?

Ngemva kokuhlolwa kwegazi, ukulinda imiphumela cishe yingxenye enzima kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi uzowuthola kanjani futhi nini umbiko. Kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa, noma kungathatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto. Uma umbiko ungabuyi ngosuku udokotela wakho alushilo, shayela udokotela wakho futhi ubuze ngakho.

Uthini umbiko?

Umbiko we-biopsy yemisipha uqukethe imininingwane mayelana nezici zesampula yemisipha ethathwe. Lokhu kungafaka izinto ezinjengalezi:

• Izinto ezifana nokwakheka kwemicu yemisipha (okungukuthi amangqamuzana emisipha), ukuthi aphilile kangakanani, kanye "nobudala" bawo.
• Imininingwane mayelana namanye amangqamuzana akuleso zicubu, isibonelo, amangqamuzana ezinzwa (ama-neurons).
• Izinto ezifana nokuvuvukala, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-glycogen kanye nokugcinwa kwamafutha.

Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi yini ekulo mbiko nokuthi isho ukuthini.

Ngezinye izikhathi, i-biopsy ingase ibukeke ijwayelekile, noma kungase kube nezimpawu ezincane kakhulu zesifo. Kulesi simo, ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-myopathy engacacisiwe." Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-biopsy kungenzeka ukuthi ayizange ithole indawo eqondile yesifo, noma lesi sifo kungenzeka sisasesigabeni sokuqala. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungase kudingeke wenze enye i-biopsy yemisipha.

Uma kunenkinga ngombiko, yini oyenzayo ngokulandelayo?

Imiphumela ye-biopsy yemisipha ivame ukuhlonza isifo esithile semisipha (`i-myopathy`).

Uma kutholakala ukuthi unesifo esithile, udokotela wakho uzokuchazela sona futhi axoxe ngalokho okudingeka ukwenze ngokulandelayo. Ndawonye, ​​​​nizokwakha uhlelo lokwelapha olusebenza kahle kuwe. Ungakhathazeki, udokotela wakho uzokusiza.

Kunini lapho udinga ukukhuluma nodokotela?

Uma ubona uphawu olulodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo ukuthi indawo yakho ye-biopsy inegciwane, kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ngokushesha:

• Ukuvuvukala okuzungeze isilonda, ukubomvu, noma ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba kuyinto evamile.
• Isikhumba esizungeze inxeba sizwakala sishisa kunezinye izindawo.
• Ubomvu noma olunye uketshezi oluvela enxebeni (`Ubomvu noma ukuphuma kwamanzi`).
• Ukuthola umkhuhlane.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (`Ukukhathala`).

Ingabe i-biopsy yemisipha ingaxilonga i-MS (Multiple Sclerosis)?

I-biopsy yemisipha ayivame ukusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-MS (Multiple Sclerosis). Kodwa-ke, udokotela angase atuse le biopsy ukuze akhiphe ezinye izimo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo neze-MS.

Kujwayelekile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile uma uthola ukuthi udinga i-biopsy yemisipha. Futhi kujwayelekile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile ngenkathi ulinde imiphumela. Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ngayo yonke imiphumela emibi engaba khona yale biopsy, ngakho ungesabi ukubuza noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo. Uma umbiko wakho we-biopsy ubonisa ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle, zama ukucabanga ngakho njengesinyathelo sokuqala ohambweni lwakho lokululama. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile mayelana nempilo yakho.

Yini ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele siyithathe ekhaya kule ndaba?

Kulungile, ngakho into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwemisipha kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlolwa okusiza ekuxilongeni inkinga noma isifo emisipheni yakho ngokunembile.

Lokhu kungase kubonakale kusabisa kancane kuwe. Kodwa kungakusiza ukuthi uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile futhi uqale ukwelashwa okufanele. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka, qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa ngakho nodokotela wakho. Khumbula, lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuqondeni isimo sakho nokusiphatha ngendlela efanele.

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