Mhlawumbe othile emndenini wakho uke waba nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu. Noma ingabe udokotela wakho usanda kukutshela ukuthi unama-polyp athile kumathumbu amakhulu? Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile uma uzwa into efana nale. Kodwa uma sazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu, singaqonda ukuthi singabhekana kanjani nakho. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo sofuzo esingabangela lezi zimo, kodwa okungakhulunywa ngaso kakhulu emphakathini. Yilokho i-MAP.
Kalula nje, iyini i-MAP (i-MUTYH-Associated Polyposis)?
I-MAP, noma i-`(MUTYH-Associated Polyposis)` iyisimo esingavamile kakhulu, esizuzwe njengefa. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukukhula okuncane, okungavamile, noma amaqhubu, kukhula emizimbeni yethu, ikakhulukazi endleleni yokugaya ukudla. Ngokwezokwelapha, sibiza lawa ngokuthi `(ama-Polyps)`.
Manje ungase ucabange, "Hawu Nkulunkulu, ingabe ukuba nama-polyp kusho umdlavuza?" Cha, la ma-polyp awawona umdlavuza. Kodwa, into ebalulekile ukuthi, amanye alawa, uma singawaphathi kahle, uma singawasusi, anethuba elikhulu lokuba umdlavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Lawa "ma-polyp" cishe akheka emzimbeni womuntu one-MAP:
- Ikholoni
- I-Rectum
- Amathumbu amancane
- Isisu
Ingabe ukuba ne-MAP kuyingozi yomdlavuza?
Yebo, impendulo eqotho yalo mbuzo ithi "yebo." Umuntu one-MAP usengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola umdlavuza we-colonectal kunomuntu ojwayelekile. Eqinisweni, ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi cishe ingxenye yabantu abatholwa okokuqala bene-MAP kakade banomdlavuza we-colonectal.
Lezi zinhlanza zivame ukuvela phakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nengama-60. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zingakhula ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi. Futhi, ngaphezu komdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, kunengozi ethile yokuthola umdlavuza we-duodenal kanye nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza ngaphandle kohlelo lokugaya ukudla.
Kodwa ungesabi lokhu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ingozi bese uthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuyivimbela kusenesikhathi.
Kungenzeka yini ukuphila ngendlela evamile nalesi simo?
Kunjalo impela. Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uyikhumbule. Iningi labantu abane-MAP lingaphila impilo evamile, enempilo, negcwele. Kodwa kukhona imfihlo eyodwa yalokho. Ukuqaphela izimpawu kusenesikhathi nokuthola ukuhlolwa njalo komdlavuza.
Lezi zivivinyo zithola futhi zisuse ama-polyp esikhulume ngawo ekuqaleni ngaphambi kokuba abe umdlavuza. Ukwenza kanjalo kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza.
Ziyini izimpawu zesimo se-MAP?
Yilapho abantu abaningi bedideka khona. Azikho izimpawu ongazibona noma ozizwayo ngaphandle, okuyinto eyingqayizivele ku-MAP. Ngisho noma unama-polyp amaningi esiswini sakho, ungase ungazizwa ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki okuvela kuwo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwe-`(ama-Polyps)` kukodwa akulona uphawu oluhle lokuba ne-MAP. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:
- Abantu abaningi banama-polyp kodwa abanawo ama-MAP. Ama-polyp angakhula ngenxa yezinye izimo zempilo.
- Kunezinye izifo zofuzo ezibangela `(ama-Polyps)` njenge-MAP. Isibonelo `(i-Familial Adenomatous Polyposis - FAP)`.
- Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho umuntu one-MAP etholakala ukuthi une-HIV, kungenzeka ukuthi akanayo ngisho ne-"polyp" eyodwa emzimbeni wakhe.
Kalula nje, ukuhlolwa kofuzo kuphela okungasho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi une-MAP, i-FAP, noma esinye isimo.
Kungani le MAP yakheka? Idluliselwa kanjani ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane?
I-MAP ibangelwa ushintsho, noma ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuthiwa i-'MUTYH' (ebizwa nangokuthi i-MYH). Cabanga ngemizimba yethu njengencwadi enkulu yeresiphi, futhi izakhi zofuzo ziyizindlela zokupheka ezikuyo. Uma uhlamvu olulodwa kuresiphi ethi 'MUTYH' lungalungile, umkhiqizo oluwukhiqizayo ngeke lusebenze kahle. I-MAP injalo.
Lesi simo esizuzwe njengefa sithi "i-autosomal recessive." Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuze ube nalesi simo, kufanele uzuze lesi sakhi sofuzo esinephutha kumama wakho nakubaba wakho, okungukuthi, kubazali bobabili.
Ake sithi uthole lesi sakhi sofuzo esinephutha kumuntu oyedwa kuphela. Isibonelo, kumama wakho kuphela. Khona-ke ngeke ube nesifo se-MAP. Kodwa ubizwa ngokuthi "umthwali we-MAP". Lokhu kusho ukuthi unesakhi sofuzo esinephutha, kodwa awunaso lesi sifo. Uma ungumthwali, ungadlulisela lesi sakhi sofuzo komunye wezingane zakho.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi kuka-1% no-2% wabantu emhlabeni bangabathwali be-MAP. Abathwali nabo basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu kunabantu abaningi, kodwa hhayi ephezulu njengomuntu one-MAP.
Kwenzekani ezinganeni uma abazali bobabili bengabathwali be-MAP?
Kulula kakhulu ukukuqonda lokhu. Uma bobabili abazali bengabathwali besifo, kunezindlela ezintathu ezingenzeka ngengane ngayinye abanayo.
| Ithuba | Umphumela |
|---|---|
| Ithuba elilodwa kwamane (25%) | Ingane ayizuzi ifa noma yiziphi izakhi zofuzo ezinephutha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingane ayinaso isifo se-MAP, futhi ayisona isithwali. |
| Amathuba ama-2 kwangu-4 (50%) | Ingane iyisithwali . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ayinaso lesi sifo, kodwa inamandla okudlulisela lesi sakhi sofuzo ezinganeni zayo esikhathini esizayo. |
| Ithuba elilodwa kwamane (25%) | Ingane izuza ifa lofuzo olunephutha kubo bobabili abazali. Lo mntwana uzoba nesifo se-MAP . |
Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ngine-MAP?
Ukuxilongwa kwe-MAP kuvame ukwenziwa ngezinyathelo eziningana.
1. Umlando wezokwelapha womndeni: Okokuqala, udokotela wakho uzobuza ngomlando wezempilo womndeni wakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi noma yimuphi umlando womdlavuza noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha kubazali bakho, ogogo nomkhulu, kanye nezingane zakini.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kwezakhi Zofuzo: Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi kukhona isifo sofuzo esisekelwe emlandweni womndeni wakho, angakuthumela ukuze uyohlolwa izakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kunganquma ukuthi une-mutation yini ku-gene `MUTYH` noma ezinye izimo zofuzo ezandisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza.
Udokotela ngokuvamile uzoncoma ukuhlolwa kofuzo ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- Uma kukhona emndenini wakho onezifo zofuzo ezifana ne-MAP noma i-FAP.
- Uma amalungu amaningana omndeni wakho eke aba nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu.
- Omunye wabafowenu noma odadewenu une-polyps eningi emathunjini akhe, kodwa abazali bakhe abanayo (lokhu kuphakamisa izinsolo zokuthi abazali bangabathwali).
Uma ukuhlolwa kofuzo kuqinisekisa ukuthi une-MAP noma ungumthwali walesi sifo, udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngokuningiliziwe ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo kanye nokuhlolwa okudingeka ukwenze ukuze uzivikele emdlavuza. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukwabelana ngalolu lwazi nomndeni wakho wonke, njengoba kuzobasiza ukuthi bahlolwe uma befuna.
Ukwelashwa nokuphathwa kwe-MAP
Okwamanje akukho "ikhambi" lokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okubangela i-MAP. Kodwa-ke, kunezivivinyo eziningi kanye nokwelashwa okungasisiza ukuvimbela umdlavuza, noma ukuthola nokwelapha umdlavuza kusenesikhathi.
Uma une-MAP, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe umdlavuza kusenesikhathi futhi kaningi kunomuntu ojwayelekile.
| Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlola | Incazelo nezincomo |
|---|---|
| I-Colonoscopy | Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlola ingaphakathi lekholoni lakho kanye ne-rectum usebenzisa ipayipi elincane elinekhamera enamathiselwe. Lena yindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola nokususa ama-polyp kukholoni lakho. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi uqale lolu vivinyo uneminyaka engu-20 noma engu-10 ngaphambi kweminyaka emincane kakhulu lapho othile emndenini wakho eba nomdlavuza wamathumbu, noma ngabe yikuphi okuza kuqala. |
| I-Endoscopy Ephezulu | Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola isisu sakho kanye namathumbu amancane angaphezulu ukuthola nokususa ama-polyp. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi uqale lokhu kuhlolwa cishe uneminyaka engu-25. |
Ezinye izinto okufanele uzazi lapho ubhekene nalesi simo
Ngingakuvimbela yini lokhu ukuthi kwenzeke ezinganeni zami?
Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ze-MUTYH. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokusiza ekuzaleni ezinganciphisa ingozi yokuthi ingane yesikhathi esizayo ithole i-MAP njengefa. Isibonelo inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) eyenziwa ngokufakelwa kwe-in vitro (IVF). Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlola umbungu ngezifo zofuzo ngaphambi kokuba ufakwe esibelethweni sikamama. Kodwa-ke, lesi yisinqumo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kokubili ngokwezimali nangokomzwelo. Uma unesithakazelo kulokhu, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela we-endocrinologist ofanelekayo wokuzala.
Ungahlala kanjani uqinile engqondweni?
Uma uthola ukuthi usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza, ungase uzizwe ukhathazekile, wesaba, futhi ucindezelekile. Lokhu kuvamile. Kodwa ungazami ukubhekana nale mizwa wedwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho. Ukwelashwa ngengxoxo futhi, uma kudingeka, imithi iyatholakala.
Futhi, kungaba usizo olukhulu uma ungajoyina amaqembu okusekelana lapho ungakhuluma khona nabantu abake baba nokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo. Khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa.
Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuzwa ukuthi unesifo sofuzo esanda ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza. Kodwa awuwedwa. Ithimba lakho lezokunakekelwa kwempilo, okuhlanganisa nodokotela, lilapha ukuzokusiza ukuthi uthathe umthwalo wemfanelo ngempilo yakho. Ngezindlela zokuhlola ezithuthukisiwe zanamuhla, umdlavuza ungancishiswa kakhulu futhi utholakale kusenesikhathi uma ukhula.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-MAP yisimo sofuzo esidluliselwa esizukulwaneni ngesizukulwane. Sikhulisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu.
- Azikho izimpawu ezithile zalesi simo. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi une-MAP yini ukuhlolwa kofuzo.
- Uma kukhona emndenini wakho onomdlavuza wamathumbu noma ama-polyps, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
- Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-MAP, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela umdlavuza ukwenza izivivinyo ezivamile, njenge-colonoscopy kanye ne-endoscopy, njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho.
- Ngokuqapha nokuhlolwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, ungaphila impilo egcwele nenempilo.
- Ungabhekani nokucindezeleka okuhambisana nokuxilongwa okunje wedwa. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha nolwengqondo uma kudingeka.
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