Kuthiwani uma ungenwa ubuthi? Ake sifunde nge-'Organophosphate Poisoning'!

Sonke sisebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nemithi yokubulala ukhula. Kubonakala sengathi asinakuphila ngaphandle kwazo ngemisebenzi yasekhaya noma kwezolimo. Kodwa wake wacabanga ukuthi hlobo luni lwesimo esiyingozi esingase senzeke uma amanye amakhemikhali akulokhu kudla engena emizimbeni yethu? Esinye isimo esiyingozi esinjalo sibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Organophosphate Poisoning'. Nakuba lesi kuyisihloko esibucayi, ake sixoxe ngaso kalula nangendlela eqondakalayo.

Ziyini lezi 'organophosphates'? Zitholakalaphi?

Kalula nje, 'ama-Organophosphate' ayiqembu lamakhemikhali ahlanganisiwe. Sivame ukuwathola ku:

• Kuma-insecticide: Emithini esetshenziswa ukulawula izinambuzane kwezolimo nasemakhaya.
• Ezintweni ezixosha izinambuzane: Ezintweni ezixosha izinambuzane ezifana nomiyane nezimpukane.
• Kumakhemikhali asetshenziswa ukubulala ukhula: Kumakhemikhali asetshenziswa ukubulala ukhula.
• Ezinye izinto ezibangela izinzwa zempi ngamakhemikhali: Lawa amakhemikhali ayingozi alimaza uhlelo lwezinzwa futhi asetshenziswa ezimweni zempi.

Uma lawa 'ma-organophosphate' engena emizimbeni yethu, alimaza uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa futhi aphazamise indlela izitho zethu ezisebenza ngayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lobu buthi buvela ngendlela yesikhashana noma yesikhathi eside, bungabangela izimo ezibucayi njengokwehluleka kokuphefumula ngisho nokufa.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivamile ze-organophosphates ezingabangela ubuthi?

Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile ze-organophosphates ezivame ukubangela ubuthi:

• I-Chlorpyrifos - Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa nge-'Dursban'.
• I-Diazinon
• I-Fenthion
• I-Malathion
• I-Parathion

Empini yamakhemikhali, i-organophosphate ebizwa ngokuthi 'iSarin' iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu.

Kuvame kangakanani ukuba ubuthi be-organophosphate?

Lokhu kutholakala kobuthi kubikwa emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi emazweni ezolimo. Kodwa manje njengoba abantu sebeqaphela kakhulu izingozi zala makhemikhali kunangaphambili, inani lokusetshenziswa kobuthi lehlile kancane. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuseyinkinga enkulu yezempilo.

Ingabe ama-organophosphates asasetshenziswa?

Yebo, amanye ama-organophosphate asasetshenziswa kwezolimo njengezibulala-zinambuzane ezitshalweni zokudla. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu uma usebenzisa lezi.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-'Organophosphate Poisoning'?

Izimpawu zalobu buthi zingathinta izinhlelo ezahlukene emzimbeni wakho. Khumbula, lezi zimpawu zingavela ngokuzumayo noma zingavela kancane kancane.

• Uhlelo lwenhliziyo:
• Ukwanda noma ukwehla kwesilinganiso senhliziyo.
• Ukwanda noma ukwehla komfutho wegazi.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.
• Isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi:
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu.
• Ukungahlaliseki.
• Ukuquleka.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.
• Isimo se-Coma.
• Amehlo:
• Izinyembezi ziyageleza.
• Ukubomvu kwamehlo.
• Abafundi abancishisiwe.
• Uhlelo lwesisu:
• Isisu esibuhlungu.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Uhudo.
• Uhlelo lwe-genitourinary:
• Ukuchama njalo noma ukuncipha kokuchama.
• Uhlelo lwemisipha:
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha.
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.
• Ukudikiza kwemisipha okungalawulwa (ama-fasciculations).
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula:
• Impumulo egobhozayo, njengomkhuhlane.
• Ukuphefumula.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.
• Ukuqina kwesifuba.
• Ukuphefumula ngokushesha noma kancane kunokujwayelekile (i-hyperpnea noma i-bradypnea).
• Ukuphuma kwamafinyila amaningi emaphashini (i-bronchorrhea).
• Isikhumba:
• Ukujuluka ngokweqile.

Okubalulekile: Uma wena noma othile omaziyo eba nesinye salezi zimpawu ngemva kokuchayeka kuma-organophosphates, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Lawa 'organophosphates' angena kanjani emzimbeni? Ubani osengozini enkulu?

Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko la makhemikhali angena ngazo emizimbeni yethu:

1. Ukungena ngomlomo noma ekhaleni: Ngokuphuza noma ukuphefumula ukudla noma uketshezi oluqukethe lokhu.

2. Ukumuncwa ngesikhumba: Amanye ama-organophosphate angamuncwa emzimbeni noma ngabe athintana nesikhumba.

Ake sibone nokuthi ubani osengozini enkulu yalobu buthi:

• Abantu abavame ukusebenza ngezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nemithi yokubulala ukhula: Abalimi, izisebenzi zasensimini, kanye nezisebenzi zokulawula izinambuzane basengozini enkulu ngoba bahlala bechayeke kula makhemikhali.
• Kulabo abahlala ezindaweni lapho kwenzeka khona impi noma imisebenzi yobuphekula: Uma kusetshenziswa izinto ezifana 'nezinzwa' ezishiwo ngenhla.
• Kulabo abadla lokhu ngenhloso yokuzilimaza: Lesi yisimo esidabukisayo kakhulu.

Uma uzizwa sengathi uzilimaza noma unemicabango yokuzibulala, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nomuntu omethembayo, noma ufune ukwelulekwa kochwepheshe kwezempilo yengqondo. Awuwedwa, futhi ungesabi ukucela usizo.

Kwenzekani uma ama-organophosphate engena emzimbeni? Kalula nje...

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi kwenzekani lapho lawa 'ma-organophosphate' engena emzimbeni. Lena indaba yesayensi kancane, kodwa ngizokutshela ngamagama alula.

Ukuze uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa lusebenze kahle, kukhona isithunywa samakhemikhali esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-acetylcholine' (i-neurotransmitter). Yilokhu okulawula izinto eziningi, njengokunyakaza kwemisipha. Lapho le 'acetylcholine' (i-acetylcholine) isiqedile umsebenzi wayo, i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-cholinesterase' iyafika bese iyiphula. Lokhu kuvumela uhlelo lwezinzwa ukuthi lubuyele esimweni esijwayelekile futhi kuvimbele imisipha nemizwa ukuthi ingashukunyiswa ngokweqile.

Cabanga nje, uvula isibani ngokuvula iswishi. Le enzyme 'ye-cholinesterase' isebenza njengokuvala iswishi uma usuqedile.

Manje, lapho ama-organophosphates engena emzimbeni, ayayeka ukusebenza kwe-enzyme ye-cholinesterase. Kwenzekani-ke? Esikhundleni sokuphula i-acetylcholine, iqoqana kuma-synapses lapho amangqamuzana ezinzwa exhumana khona. Kufana nokushintsha kokukhanya okucishiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho uhlelo lwezinzwa luba nomfutho ngokweqile, umzimba wonke ulahlekelwa ukulawula, futhi lezo zimpawu eziyingozi engizikhulumile ekuqaleni ziyavela. Uyaqonda?

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona uma zingelashwa?

Uma ubuthi be-organophosphate bungelashwa ngokushesha, izimpawu zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi zisongele nokuphila. Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa ngenxa yalobu buthi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nezinye izinkinga:

• Ukukhubazeka kwemizwa yobuchopho
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo
• Izifo zemisipha `(Myopathy)`
• I-peripheral neuropathy
• I-Psychosis

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani ngokunembile 'ubuthi be-organophosphate'?

Udokotela uvame ukuxilonga lobu buthi ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho, ulwazi mayelana namakhemikhali owavezwa kuwo (uma usebenza nezibulala-zinambuzane, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho), futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ngokukhethekile, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga akho e-acetylcholinesterase.

Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zobuthi be-organophosphate zingafana nezezinye izifo, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze ahlole impilo yakho iyonke futhi athole imbangela eqondile yezimpawu zakho. Isibonelo:

• Okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ezifana ne-MRI noma i-CT scans
• I-EEG (ukuhlolwa okulinganisa umsebenzi wobuchopho)
• Ucwaningo lokuqhuba imizwa (ukuhlolwa okukala isivinini imiyalezo ehamba ngaso ngemizwa)

Ngenxa yokuthi lobu buthi busongela ukuphila, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bangase baqale ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale yonke imibiko yokuhlolwa.

Ubuthi be-organophosphate buphathwa kanjani?

Njengoba lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqale ngokushesha. Kunezinketho eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko:

1.Ukuhlanza: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.

• Ukususa izingubo: Zonke izingubo ezigqokwe ngumuntu onobuthi kufanele zisuswe ngokushesha, ngoba zingase zingcoliswe ngamakhemikhali. Abasebenzi basesibhedlela bazosusa izingubo ngokuphephile.
• Ukugeza isikhumba: Geza isikhumba sakho kahle, okungenani kathathu, ngensipho namanzi. Lokhu kuzosusa noma yimaphi amakhemikhali ebusweni besikhumba. Uzobe usunikezwa ingubo yasesibhedlela ehlanzekile ozoyigqoka.

2. Ukwelashwa ngemithi:

• I-Atropine: Lo muthi usebenza ngokunciphisa ukukhuthazwa ngokweqile kwesimiso sezinzwa.
• I-Pralidoxime: Lena yindlela yokwelapha ama-organophosphates. Ivuselela i-enzyme ye-cholinesterase ephula i-acetylcholine.
• Yomibili le mithi inikezwa nge-'IV', okungukuthi, ngesisombululo sikasawoti esifakwa emthanjeni.

3. Ukwelashwa kobunzima bokuphefumula:

• Uma izimpawu zinzima futhi ukuphefumula kunzima, ukufakwa kwepayipi, okusho ukufaka ipayipi lokuphefumula, kungadingeka ukuze kugcinwe indlela yokuphefumula ivulekile.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokwelashwa?

Lokhu kuncike ebangeni kanye nobukhali bobuthi. Abanye abantu bangase bazizwe bengcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kanti abanye bangase bathathe amasonto. Udokotela wakho uzonquma isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sesimo sakho.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ululame ngokuphelele kulobu buthi?

Yebo, kungenzeka ukuthi ululame ngokuphelele ebubini be-organophosphate. Kodwa-ke, kunengozi yokuthi izimpawu zingase ziphinde zivele noma ukuthi kungenzeka kube nomonakalo ongapheli ohlelweni lwezinzwa.

Umbono wakho wokululama uncike ezintweni eziningana:

• Inani lokuchayeka kuma-organophosphate.
• Uhlobo lwe-organophosphate oluvezwe.
• Indlela ama-organophosphate angena ngayo emzimbeni (ngokuphefumula, ngesikhumba, noma ngokugwinya).
• Isimo sakho sempilo jikelele ngesikhathi sokuchayeka.

Isibonelo, uma uphefumula ama-organophosphate athile, ungase uzwe izimpawu ngokushesha futhi zibe nzima kakhulu kunokuba zithintane nesikhumba sakho.

Ngokusho kwedatha evela kwi-World Health Organisation, izinga lokufa ngenxa yobuthi be-organophosphate lingahluka phakathi kuka-2% no-25%. Ngakho-ke , ukwelashwa okusheshayo kunganciphisa kakhulu umonakalo ongaba khona empilweni.

Ingabe ubuthi be-Organophosphate bungavinjelwa?

Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi esimweni sempi noma uma ungazi ngokusetshenziswa kwama-organophosphate, lokhu kungaba nzima ukukugwema.

Kodwa-ke, uma usebenza nalezi zinhlobo zamakhemikhali ayingozi, ungenza okulandelayo ukunciphisa ingozi yakho:

• Gqoka imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (PPE): izinto ezifana namagilavu ​​​​nezifihla-buso.
• Khumula noma yiziphi izingubo ezithintene namakhemikhali ngaphandle bese ushintsha ngaphambi kokungena endlini.
• Geza umzimba wakho kahle ngemva kokusebenza ngale mikhiqizo.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngaphambi kokudla noma ukuphuza.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela? Yini okufanele uyenze uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uke wachayeka kuma-organophosphates, iya esibhedlela esiseduze noma ushayele izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo ngokushesha. Ungachithi isikhathi. Ungalindi uze uqale ukuzwa izimpawu.

Khumbula, lesi yisimo esingasongela impilo, ngakho-ke ukuthatha isinyathelo esisheshayo kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.

Imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ebhekene nalokhu, ungabuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Uhlobo luni lokwelashwa olunconywayo kimi?
• Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
• Ungawukhipha kanjani udoti ngemva kokuchayeka? (Ikakhulukazi ekhaya)
• Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi kukhona ama-organophosphates endaweni yami yokusebenza?
• Uma ngisebenza nama-organophosphates emsebenzini, yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha engingazithatha ukuze ngizivikele ekungcoleni?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

'Ukubulala i-Organophosphate' kuyindaba engathi sína kakhulu. Abantu abaningi ezweni lethu, ikakhulukazi labo abahileleke emisebenzini yezolimo, bangase babe sengozini. La makhemikhali ayingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni. Ngakho-ke, umuntu kufanele aqaphele kakhulu lapho esebenzisa lawa.

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ekhombisa izimpawu zobuthi be-organophosphate, ungesabi. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungavimbela ukulahlekelwa yimpilo. Hlala uphephile, hlala unolwazi!

Ama - Organophosphate, ubuthi, izibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-zinambuzane, izimpawu, usizo lokuqala, ukuphepha