Igciwane elingavamile elibangela amabhamuza esikhumbeni? Ake sifunde nge-Orthopoxvirus!

Wake wezwa ngaleli gama elithi 'Orthopoxvirus'? Leli kungaba igama elisha kuwe. Kodwa leli qembu lamagciwane lingabangela amaqhubu amancane kanye nama-blister agcwele amanzi esikhumbeni sethu. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungadluliselwa kithi kusuka ezilwaneni. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa namuhla? Ake sibone ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela.

Iyini ngempela i-Orthopoxvirus?

Kalula nje, i-Orthopoxvirus yigama elinikezwa iqembu lamagciwane. Uma la magciwane engena emzimbeni, abangela kakhulu izilonda zesikhumba, njengeziqhubu noma ama-blister. Okukhethekile ukuthi abizwa nangokuthi izifo 'ze-zoonotic'. Lokhu kusho ukuthi la magciwane angadluliselwa ezilwaneni, futhi asuka ezilwaneni aye kubantu. Izilwane ezincelisayo ezifana nezinkomo, amakati, namagundane amancane zingawathola. Ngezinye izikhathi, angadluliselwa nakubantu. Kodwa-ke, amagciwane amabili kuphela, i-smallpox - manje eseqedwe ngokuphelele emhlabeni - kanye ne -Mpox, okwamanje aziwa ngokuthi ama-orthopoxvirus angadluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-Orthopoxvirus ezikhona?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamagciwane angaphansi kwalolu hlobo lwe-Orthopoxvirus. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Igciwane le-Akhmeta
• Igciwane le-Alaskapox
• Igciwane le-Camelpox – okungukuthi, livela emakameleni.
• Igciwane le-Cowpox - Lokhu kungadluliselwa kusuka ezinkomeni.
• Igciwane le-Horsepox - elihlotshaniswa namahhashi.
• Igciwane le-Mpox – Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngalokhu muva nje.
• Igciwane lokugoma – Yilokhu okusetshenziselwa ukwenza umuthi wokugomela ingxibongo.
• Igciwane le-Variola – Leli yigciwane elibangela i-smallpox engikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Uma uthola i-Orthopoxvirus enje, uphawu oluyinhloko nolubonakala kalula ukuqubuka okuphakanyisiwe, okuchazwe kahle, okunamaqhubu. Lokhu kuqubuka akuveli ngasikhathi sinye. Kuvela ngezigaba. Kuqala kube yisicaba, bese kuba kukhuphuka (ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi ama-papule), bese kuba amaqhubu agcwele uketshezi (ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi ama-vesicle), bese ekugcineni kuba uqweqwe bese kuphola. Lonke lolu hlelo lungathatha amasonto amaningana. Lokhu kuqubuka ngezinye izikhathi kungaba buhlungu futhi kuyaluma.

Kuye ngohlobo lwegciwane, lezi zilonda zingavela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. Isibonelo:

• Ezandleni zakho, ikakhulukazi izintende zezandla zakho.
• Ezinyaweni.
• Ngokuphathelene ne-anus.
• Ezindaweni zobulili (ipenisi noma isitho sangasese sowesifazane).

Ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu, kungase kube nezinye izimpawu eziningana:

• Ubuhlungu bemisipha, njengomphimbo obuhlungu.
• Ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph node, sikubiza ngokuthi ama-gland avuvukele, yilokho okuyikho.

I-Orthopoxvirus idluliselwa kanjani?

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ezidluliselwa ngazo leli gciwane le-Orthopox: lisuka ezilwaneni liye kubantu kanye nelisuka kubantu liye kubantu.

Ungalithola leli gciwane esilwaneni esinaleli gciwane uma isilwane sikuklwebha noma sikuluma, noma uma isikhumba sakho sithintana ngqo negazi lesilwane, uketshezi lomzimba, noma izilonda zesikhumba.

Futhi, ungatheleleka uma usondelene nomuntu otheleleke ngaleli gciwane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi:

• Ngokuthintana namaconsi okuphefumula akhishwa uma ukhwehlela, uthimula, noma ukhuluma.
• Ngokuthintana noketshezi oluphuma emanxebeni nasezilonda zesikhumba sesiguli.
• Kusukela ekuthinteni okuseduze, njengokuqabulana nokwenza ucansi.

Njengamanje, i-Orthopoxvirus kuphela engadluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye yi-Mpox. (I-Smallpox nayo yadluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye, kodwa isusiwe emhlabeni kusukela ngo-1980.) Amanye ama-Orthopoxvirus, njenge-Alaskapox ne-Camelpox, adluliselwa ngokuxhumana nezilwane ezinalesi sifo.

Hlobo luni lwezilwane oluthwala la magciwane?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezilwane ezincelisayo ezingathwala leli gciwane le-Orthopox. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Izilwane ezifuywayo emakhaya ethu, okungukuthi, abantu abanjengamakati nezinja.
• Ama-vole ane-red backed kanye nama-shrew yiwona athwala igciwane le-Alaskapox.
• Izilwane ezincane ezifana nezingwejeje, amagundane, namagundane zingathwala igciwane le-Mpox.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-Orthopoxvirus zingadluliselwa ezilwaneni ngezinambuzane ezifana nama-tick.

Lesi sifo sihlolwa kanjani ngokunembile? (Ukuxilongwa)

Udokotela angase asole ukuthi une-orthopoxvirus ngokusekelwe ekuqubukeni kwakho nezinye izimpawu. Ngokuqinisekile, bangenza izivivinyo eziningana. Isibonelo:

• Isampula yegazi lakho izohlolwa.
• Kuthathwa isampula yoketshezi oluvela esilondeni sesikhumba bese luhlolwa.
• Noma ungathatha ucezu oluncane lwesikhumba (isampula yezicubu) bese uluhlola.

Ukwelapha kanjani lokhu?

Esikhathini esiningi, odokotela abalaphi i-Orthopoxvirus ngaphandle kokuthi unesifo esibi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, uma unesifo esibi kakhulu se-Mpox, unganikezwa imithi yokulwa namagciwane esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-smallpox. Futhi, i-Vaccinia immune globulin (VIG-IV)Indlela yokwelapha ebizwa ngokuthi i-antibody therapy nayo isetshenziswa ngezinye izikhathi.

Kwenzekani uma ngithola igciwane elinje? Yini engingayilindela?

Uma udokotela eqinisekisa ukuthi une-orthopoxvirus, uzokunikeza iseluleko sendlela yokuphatha izimpawu zakho ekhaya nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu . Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala kude nabanye abantu ngenkathi unezimpawu. Lokhu kuzokusiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalalisa igciwane kwabanye.

Njengamanje, i-Orthopoxvirus ayivamile ukubonakala kubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-smallpox isiqediwe, ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-Orthopoxvirus okubikiwe manje akusona isifo esisongela ukuphila.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuchayeka ku-Orthopoxvirus, khuluma nodokotela. Angachaza ubungozi bakho nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zokuzivikela ongazithatha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, bona udokotela uma:

• Uma unesikhumba esisha noma isilonda esikhumbeni sakho .
• Uma uzizwa ungaphilile, njengomkhuhlane , ubuhlungu bomzimba, noma ama-lymph node avuvukele .
• Uma uke wathintana eduze nomuntu noma isilwane esinegciwane le-Orthopoxvirus.

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezimpawu ezinkulu , kufanele uye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo (ER) ngokushesha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezu kuka-103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius).
• Ukuphefumula okunzima noma okungazelelwe.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba.
• Ukuhlanza noma uhudo olunzima.
• Ukudideka noma ezinye izinguquko zengqondo (isib., ukulahlekelwa ukwazi).
• Ubuthakathaka obuhlala njalo noma isiyezi.

Asikwazi yini ukuzivikela kule Orthopoxvirus? Yini esingayenza?

Yebo, kunezinto esingazenza ukuze sizivikele kula magciwane. Uma usengozini enkulu yokuchayeka kwelinye lala magciwane, ungathola imijovo yokulwa namanye amagciwane e-orthopox. Isibonelo, kunemijovo yesifo se-measles kanye ne-smallpox.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokwenza lezi zinto:

• Uma umsebenzi wakho noma into oyithandayo idinga ukuthi uxhumane nezilwane (ikakhulukazi lezo ezingathwala la magciwane), gqoka izinto zokuzivikela , njengezigilavu ​​​​nezifihla-buso.
• Gwema ukuthintana nezilwane noma abantu abathelelekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izilwane ezifile.
• I-OrthopoxvirusGwema ukuthinta imibhede engcolile, izingubo, njll.
• Pheka konke ukudla okuqukethe inyama yesilwane noma izingxenye zesilwane kahle.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho njalo.
• Yenza ucansi oluphephile . Lokho kusho ukusebenzisa izinto ezifana namakhondomu namadamu amazinyo.
• Uma unakekela umuntu onegciwane le-Orthopoxvirus, sebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (i-PPE) .

Ingabe i-chickenpox nayo iwuhlobo lwe-Orthopoxvirus?

Cha, i-chickenpox ayisona isifo esiseqenjini le-Orthopoxvirus. Igciwane elibangela i-chickenpox yigciwane le-Varicella-zoster. Lingowomndeni wegciwane le-Herpes.

Kusukela kwaqedwa i-smallpox, ukuqubuka kwama-orthopoxvirus kubantu bekungavamile. Kodwa uma bekungenzeka kube khona eyodwa, kungaba yizindaba ezesabekayo. Ngenhlanhla, kunemithi yokugoma yama-orthopoxvirus amabili kuphela esiwaziyo angadluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye, i-smallpox (nakuba kungesiwo manje) kanye ne-mpox. Nakuba ama-orthopoxvirus ngezinye izikhathi egxuma esuka ezilwaneni aye kubantu, imithi ekhona yokulwa namagciwane kanye nokwelashwa kwama-antibody kungaba usizo ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezintsha zama-orthopoxvirus kubantu.

Ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kusukela kulokho esikhulume ngakho nge-Orthopoxvirus, nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• Leli gciwane lingabangela ukuqubuka, njengezimbotshana zesikhumba kanye nama-blister .
• Lokhu kungadluliselwa kusuka ezilwaneni kuya kubantu, kanti ezinye izinhlobo (njengamanje i-Mpox) nazo zingadluliselwa kusuka kubantu kuya kubantu .
• Ukulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha (ukugeza izandla kahle, ukugwema abantu/izilwane ezinegciwane, ukwenza ucansi oluphephile) kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Uma unezimpawu ezisolisayo (izilonda ezintsha, umkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba) , noma uke waxhumana eduze nomuntu/isilwane esinalesi sifo , qiniseka ukuthi ucela iseluleko sezokwelapha.
• Uma unezimpawu ezinkulu (umkhuhlane ophakeme, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukudideka) , iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Khumbula, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela leli gciwane. Akukho okufanele ukwesabe, kodwa kungcono ukuqaphela!

I-Orthopoxvirus , i-Mpox, i-Smallpox, Izilonda zesikhumba, Ukutheleleka ngegciwane