Ingabe ingane yakho ivame ukukhononda ngobuhlungu emlenzeni, engalweni, noma kwelinye ithambo? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke waphawula okuthile okufana nokuvuvukala okuncane kuleyo ndawo. Sivame ukucabanga ukuthi ukulimala izingane eziye zabhekana nakho lapho zidlala, ziwa, noma zishaya into ethile. Esikhathini esiningi, lokho kungaba njalo. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi uphawu olufana nalolu lungaba yinto engathi sína kakhulu kunalokho esikucabangayo. Namuhla, sikhuluma ngesimo esisodwa esinjalo esidinga ukunakwa, okungukuthi, uhlobo lomdlavuza wamathambo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Osteosarcoma. Ungesabi uma uzwa leli gama. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Osteosarcoma?
I-Osteosarcoma uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela emathanjeni emizimba yethu, noma kunalokho, emathanjeni ethu. Luqala njengamaseli amathambo avamile. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lawa maseli aba amaseli anomdlavuza futhi akha amathumba. Lawa mathumba awakhi amathambo aphilile, kodwa amathambo abuthakathaka, anesifo.
Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi `(Osteogenic Sarcoma)`. Lapha, `Sarcoma` yigama elijwayelekile lomdlavuza okhula ezicutshini ezixhumeneyo njengethambo, i-cartilage, kanye nemisipha. Igama elithi `Osteo` lisho ithambo. Ngakho-ke, kusukela egameni ngokwalo, siyaqonda ukuthi lomdlavuza uhlobene namathambo.
Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvame kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha . Sizoxoxa ngesizathu salokhu kamuva.
Yimaphi amathambo angase abe nalo mdlavuza?
Umdlavuza we-osteosarcoma uvame ukuvela emathanjeni amade omzimba wethu. Okusho ukuthi, emathanjeni amade ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Uvame kakhulu emaphethelweni ala mathambo eduze kwamalunga. Lokhu kungavela eduze kwezindawo ezifana nedolo, inqulu kanye nehlombe.
Amathambo avame ukuthinteka yilawa:
- I-Femur (umlenze ongaphezulu)
- Ithambo lesifuba (ingxenye yomlenze engezansi kwedolo) `(I-Tibia)`
- Ithambo lengalo engenhla `(iHumerus)`
Izindawo ezithinteke kancane kakhulu:
- I-hook
- Ithambo lesinqe (i-pelvis)
- Ugebhezi
- Ngezinye izikhathi, okungajwayelekile kakhulu, zingakhula ezicutshini ezithambile zesisu noma esifubeni.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-osteosarcoma?
Izimpawu zalesi sifo zingahluka kuye ngomuntu, kodwa kunezinye izimpawu ezivamile. Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninayo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela ngakho.
| Isibonakaliso | Okunye okwengeziwe ngalokhu |
|---|---|
| Ubuhlungu ethanjeni noma esilungwini | Lolu uphawu oluvame kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, ubuhlungu bungase bufike budlule, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, buhlala njalo. Ubuhlungu bungase bube bubi kakhulu ebusuku noma ngemva kokuzivocavoca. |
| Ukuvuvukala noma iqhubu | Emasontweni ambalwa ngemva kokuqala kobuhlungu, indawo ingase izwakale ivuvukile noma inamaqhubu. Ngezinye izikhathi, indawo ingase izwakale ifudumele uma uyithinta. |
| Ubunzima bokuhambisa ijoyinti | Uma umdlavuza useduze kwelunga, kungaba nzima ukugoba noma ukuqondisa lelo lunga. Isibonelo, uma liseduze nedolo, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu lapho ugoba umlenze wakho. |
| Ukuphuka kwamathambo ngaphandle kwesizathu | Umdlavuza wenza ithambo libe buthaka. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nokuwa okuncane noma ingozi engavamile ukuphula ithambo ingaliphula. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi ukuphuka kwethambo okubangelwa yizifo . |
| Ezinye izici | Umkhuhlane ongachazeki kanye nokushintsha kombala wesikhumba (ikakhulukazi endaweni lapho kuqubuke khona ukuvuvukala) akuvamile. |
Kungani lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvela? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Imbangela eqondile yalo mdlavuza ayikatholakali okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi izici ezithile zingase zandise ingozi yokuba nawo.
- Ukukhula kwamathambo ngokushesha:Lesi yisici esibalulekile esiye satholakala. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusheshayo (ukukhula okusheshayo) ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha, amathambo abo nawo akhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Lapho lokhu kuhlukana kwamaseli okusheshayo kwenzeka, kunengozi yokuthi kukhona okungahambanga kahle futhi amangqamuzana anomdlavuza angakheka. Yingakho i-osteosarcoma ivame ukubonakala kubantu abasha.
- Ukuchayeka emisebeni: Uma uke wathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe njengokwelashwa kolunye uhlobo lomdlavuza, kunengozi encane yokuthola i-osteosarcoma emathanjeni atholakale kulowo msebe esikhathini esizayo.
- Izimbangela zofuzo: Kungase kube nokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuthile. Isibonelo, abantu abanezinguquko ezithile ku-gene ye-p53 (i-gene ecindezela umdlavuza) noma i-gene ye-Rb (Retinoblastoma) (ehlotshaniswa nomdlavuza wamehlo ezinganeni ezincane) basengozini enkulu.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezingavamile: Abantu abanezimo zezokwelapha ezingavamile njenge-'Li-Fraumeni syndrome' kanye ne-'Paget's disease of the bone' nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Osteosarcoma kunabantu abaningi.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi ngisho nomuntu ongenazo lezi zinto eziyingozi angaba ne-osteosarcoma. Futhi, akuwona wonke umuntu onalezi zinto eziyingozi ozoba nayo.
Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu?
Uma uya kudokotela onezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, uzolandela izinyathelo eziningana.
1. Ukubuza ngezimpawu: Okokuqala, udokotela uzokubuza wena nengane yakho ukuthi ubuhlungu buqale nini, buqale kanjani, nokuthi kukhona yini ukuvuvukala. Bangase futhi bakubuze ukuthi kukhona yini emndenini wakho onomlando womdlavuza.
2. Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Okulandelayo, indawo yobuhlungu ihlolwa ngokucophelela. Bahlola ukuvuvukala, ukuthamba, ukufudumala endaweni, kanye nokuhamba kwamalunga.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray: Uma kukhona ngisho nokusola okuncane kakhulu nge-osteosarcoma, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuthatha i-X-ray yethambo elithintekile. Lokhu kunganquma kakhulu ukuthi ithambo linokubukeka okungavamile yini.
4. Ezinye izikena: Uma kukhona okusolisayo ku-X-ray, kungacelwa i-CT scan noma i-MRI scan ukuze kuphenywe kabanzi. I-MRI scan inganikeza isithombe esicacile sobukhulu besimila nokuthi sisakazeke kanjani emathanjeni nasezicutshini ezithambile ezizungezile.
5. I-Biopsy: Ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umdlavuza ungowomdlavuza noma cha yi-biopsy. Lapha, udokotela ohlinzayo uthatha ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu ezivela esimila bese eyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Uma umdlavuza usuqinisekisiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukubona ukuthi ususakazeke yini (wasakazeka) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ikakhulukazi amaphaphu. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe-CT esifubeni kanye nokuhlolwa kwamathambo omzimba wonke. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukulinganisa'.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Izinketho zokwelapha i-osteosarcoma zithuthuke ngempumelelo. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa yithimba lodokotela bezifo zomdlavuza, odokotela abahlinzayo, kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kufaka phakathi:
1. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza umzimba imithi enamandla engabulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuvame ukunikezwa ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa: Umgomo uwukunciphisa isimila nokubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase afihleke emzimbeni.
- Ngemva kokuhlinzwa: Umgomo uwukubhubhisa ngokuphelele noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase asale ngemva kokuhlinzwa nokuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi.
2. Ukuhlinzwa
Ngemva kokuba ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunciphise isimila, kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ngokuphelele isimila esinomdlavuza kanye nenani elincane lezicubu ezinempilo ezisizungezile. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuhlinzwa kokusindisa izitho: Lokhu kuyindlela evamile yokuhlinzwa eyenziwa namuhla. Kulokhu kuhlinzwa, kususwa ingxenye yethambo enomdlavuza kuphela bese kufakwa i-prosthesis yensimbi noma i-graft yethambo. Lokhu kungalondoloza ukusebenza kwengalo noma umlenze ngezinga elikhulu.
- Ukunqunywa kwezicubu: Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile njengemizwa noma imithambo yegazi, noma uma kuvela izinkinga ezifana nokutheleleka, ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukususa ingalo noma umlenze othintekile. Kungasetshenziswa isitho sokufakelwa.
3. Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe
Ukwelashwa ngemisebe akuvamile ukusetshenziswa kwe-osteosarcoma ngoba lawa maseli omdlavuza awazweli kakhulu emisebeni. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwelashwa kungasetshenziswa uma umdlavuza usezindaweni ezingenakukwazi ukususwa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa (isib. ugebhezi, umgogodla), noma uma kukhona okusolakala ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlala ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
Angakanani amathuba okululama ngemva kokwelashwa?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Kungaba yinto eyesabekayo ukuwuzwa, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi iqiniso. Amathuba okululama ancike ekutheni umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba uma utholakala.
Uma umdlavuza ungakasabalali kwezinye izindawo (ezitholakala endaweni ethile), izinga lokuphulukiswa ngokwelashwa lingaba ngu-70%. Lokho kusho ukuthi abantu abayisikhombisa kwabayishumi bazolulama ngokuphelele.
Uma umdlavuza usuvele usakazeke (ususakazeke) kwezinye izindawo, njengamaphaphu, ngesikhathi utholakala, izinga lokusinda liphansi nakakhulu. Kodwa ngisho nakulezo zimo, kunezindlela zokwelapha. Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi yizibalo nje. Isiguli ngasinye sihlukile. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ufunde imininingwane ngesimo sakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma ingane inobuhlungu obungapheli noma ukuvuvukala engalweni, emlenzeni, noma kwelinye ithambo, ungamane nje uyithathe njengento "eyenzile ngesikhathi idlala." Ngokuqinisekile bonana nodokotela.
- I-Osteosarcoma umdlavuza wamathambo ovame ukwenzeka ezinganeni ezincane. Kodwa-ke, uma utholakala kusenesikhathi, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezitholakalayo namuhla.
- Inqubo yokwelashwa ingaba yinselele engqondweni nasemzimbeni kokubili enganeni nakuwe njengomzali. Ngakho-ke , ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo namandla kubaluleke kakhulu enganeni nakuwe.
- Vula konke nodokotela wakho kanye nethimba lokwelapha. Buza noma yimiphi imibuzo, ukwesaba, noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho. Ukwaziswa kungamandla akho amakhulu kulolu hambo.
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