Ngezinye izikhathi izingane zethu ezincane ziza kuleli zwe zinezinguquko ezincane ezinhliziyweni zazo. Kujwayelekile kakhulu ngawe, njengomama noma ubaba, ukuzizwa wesaba kakhulu futhi ukhathazekile uma uzwa into efana naleyo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ngoba namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Overriding Aorta", okuyisifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Sizokhuluma ngezinto eziningi ngamagama alula, njengokuthi yini ngempela lokhu, kungani kwenzeka, yiziphi izimpawu, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha. Uma uziqonda kahle lezi zinto, kuzokunika amandla amaningi okuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okungcono kakhulu kwengane yakho.

Kuyini lokhu `(Okungaphezu kwe-Aorta)`? Ake sikuqonde kalula, akunjalo?

Kulungile, ake siqale sibone ukuthi iyini le `(Overriding Aorta)`. Kalula nje, lena imithambo yegazi emikhulu enhliziyweni yengane yethu, i-aorta, etholakala endaweni ehluke kancane kunalapho kufanele ibe khona.

Manje bheka, enhliziyweni evamile enempilo, lo mthambo omkhulu we-`(Aorta)` utholakala ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo, okungukuthi, uxhunywe kwi-ventricle yesobunxele. Uyazi ukuthini? Yilapho igazi elihlanzekile nelicebile ngomoya-mpilo elivela emaphashini lingasakazwa khona kuwo wonke umzimba. Yilowo umsebenzi walo oyinhloko.

Kodwa uma kwenzeka `(Overriding Aorta)`, le aorta itholakala ngaphezu kodonga phakathi kwe-ventricle yesobunxele nesokudla yenhliziyo (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `Ventricular Septum`), noma ngaphezu komgodi kulolo donga (`Ventricular Septal Defect` noma i-VSD). Cabanga nje, okwenzeka lapha kufana nokubeka ipayipi lepompo yamanzi ethangini elingalungile.

Kwenzekani ngenxa yalokhu? Uhlangothi lwesokudla lwenhliziyo lunomoya-mpilo omncane, okusho ukuthi seliphelile, igazi "elingcolile" kancane. Ngenxa yalowo mgodi (`VSD`) kanye ne-aorta esendaweni engafanele, elinye lala gazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo omncane lingena ku-aorta bese lihlangana negazi elijikeleza emzimbeni wonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani lomoya-mpilo egazini elifinyelela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba womntwana liyancipha. Lena yinkinga eyinhloko.

Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwalokhu nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Tetralogy of Fallot)`?

Ukudlula i-Aorta akuyona inkinga evame ukwenzeka yodwa. Ingenye yezici ezine eziyinhloko zesifo senhliziyo esiyinkimbinkimbi esizalwa naso esibizwa ngokuthi i-Tetralogy of Fallot . Igama elithi "Tetralogy" lisho ezine. Ngakho-ke, kulesi simo, izinkinga ezine ezinkulu zenhliziyo zibonakala ndawonye:

1. `(Idlula i-Aorta)`: I-aorta esisanda kukhuluma ngayo isendaweni engafanele.

2. I-Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): Imbobo odongeni oluphakathi kwamakamelo enhliziyo angakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi igazi elinomoya-mpilo lihlangane negazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo.

3. I-Pulmonary Stenosis: Umthambo we-pulmonary, othwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo liye emaphashini, uyavaleka noma i-valve yawo, engavuli kahle, inciphisa inani legazi eliya emaphashini.

4. Ukuqina kwezindonga ze-ventricle yesokudla yenhliziyo (`Right Ventricular Hypertrophy`):Ngenxa yokuthi lowo mthambo wamaphaphu uvaliwe, i-ventricle yesokudla kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi. Njengoba nje izicubu zemisipha ziba zinkulu uma uzivocavoca, izindonga zale ventricle ziyaqina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Cabanga nje, kufana nokuthi akukho donga phakathi kwendawo yokubhema nendawo engabhemi endaweni yokudlela. Bese intuthu isuka endaweni eyodwa iye kwenye, futhi akekho ozizwa kahle. Yilokho okwenzeka kulesi simo '(Tetralogy of Fallot)'. Igazi elinomoya-mpilo ophansi kanye negazi elinomoya-mpilo ophezulu liyaxubana.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo (i-Overriding Aorta)?

Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Tetralogy of Fallot", esihlanganisa "i-Overriding Aorta," sibonakala ngokwezibalo kaningi ezinganeni zesilisa kunasezinganeni zesifazane.

Futhi, izinsana ezinezinkinga ezithile ze-chromosome, njenge- Down syndrome, zinamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa i-Tetralogy of Fallot. Le nkinga yenhliziyo ingabonakala nakwezinye izimo ezingavamile kakhulu, njenge-Apert syndrome kanye ne-Williams syndrome.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Kuthiwa cishe ingane eyodwa kweziyi-100 ezizalwa emhlabeni ingaba nohlobo oluthile lokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwe nakho. Uma ukubheka ngaleyo ndlela, cishe u-10% walabo bantwana abanezinkinga zenhliziyo, okungukuthi, cishe ingane eyodwa kweziyi-3,000 ezisanda kuzalwa, bangaba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Tetralogy of Fallot)`, esihlanganisa `(Overriding Aorta)`. Ngakho-ke, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa yisimo odokotela abasibona njalo.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?

Akuzona zonke izingane ezine-Tetralogy of Fallot ezinezimpawu ezifanayo. Ezinye zingase zibe nezimpawu ezincane kakhulu, kanti ezinye zingase zibe nezimpawu ezinzima. Uhlobo lwalezi zimpawu luncike kakhulu ekutheni ingakanani imithambo yegazi yamaphaphu evalekile. Okusho ukuthi, lingakanani igazi elifika emaphashini. Uma zingelashwa, lezi zimpawu zingaba zimbi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izimpawu ezincane

Ezinye izingane zingase zibonise izimpawu ezincane ezifana nalezi:

• Umbala wesikhumba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (`i-Cyanosis`): Lo mbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ubonakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezifana nezindebe, ulimi, kanye nezinzipho. Lokhu kungenxa yokwehla kwenani lomoya-mpilo egazini.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele ngokushesha: Ingane yakho ingase ibonakale ikhathele ngokushesha ngemva kokudlala noma ukuncelisa.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya: Ungase ube nobunzima bokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza.
• Izinkinga zokudla kanye nokukhula kwesisindo: Ingane ingase ingadli kahle futhi ingase ingakhuluphi.

Izimpawu Ezinzima kanye `(Izipelingi ze-Tet)`

Ngezinye izikhathi, amazinga omoya-mpilo womntwana ehla ngokuzumayo, okubangela "i-Tet spells".Isimo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi i-tet spell singavela. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokuzumayo, kuthathe imizuzu embalwa kuya emahoreni ambalwa. Cabanga ngengane idlala bese iphenduka ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuzumayo futhi iba nobunzima bokuphefumula.

Izimpawu ezinzima njengalezi zingabonakala ngesikhathi sokupela kukaTet:

• Isikhumba siphenduka sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuzumayo.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu, sengathi umzimba wakho uyaphela amandla.
• Kungase kube nokuquleka.
• Ukudlikizela.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuphefumula okusheshayo.
• Ingane ingase iqale ukukhala ngokuzumayo bese iquleka.

Ngemva kokwenza "i-Tet spell" kanje, umntwana angalala isikhathi eside. Lezi "i-Tet spell" ziyisimo esidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha.

Kungani kwenzeka izimo ezifana nokuthi "i-Overriding Aorta"?

Eqinisweni, isikhathi esiningi, kunzima ukuthola isizathu esithile salezi ziphazamiso lapho inhliziyo yengane ikhula esibelethweni. Okusho ukuthi, imbangela ayicaci ('izizathu ezingaziwa'). Kodwa-ke, kutholakale ukuthi cishe ama-25% ezinsana ezinalesi simo `(Tetralogy of Fallot)` (okuhlanganisa `(Overriding Aorta)`) zineziphazamiso ezithile zokuzalwa noma izinkinga kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wazo .

Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi simo (i-Overriding Aorta)?

Lapho nje ingane yakho izalwa, odokotela nabahlengikazi esibhedlela bazohlola impilo yengane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bazonaka ngokukhethekile noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka enhliziyweni.

• I-Pulse Oximetry: Inzwa encane ibekwa engalweni noma emlenzeni wengane ukuze kulinganiswe inani lomoya-mpilo egazini. Amazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo angaba uphawu lwesifo senhliziyo. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okulula, okungenabuhlungu.
• Ukukhononda Kwenhliziyo: Uma udokotela elalele inhliziyo yengane nge-stethoscope, uma kukhona isimo esifana nokuthi ``Overriding Aorta'', umsindo ohlukile, obizwa ngokuthi ``heart murmur'' , ungase uzwakale ngaphezu kokushaya kwenhliziyo okuvamile. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umsindo oyingozi, kodwa kulokhu, kuwuphawu olubalulekile.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa

Uma izimpawu ezingenhla zikhona, odokotela bazoyala ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu ukuqinisekisa isimo futhi bathole uhlobo oluqondile lwenkinga yenhliziyo:

• I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Lokhu kufana nokuskena kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound. Kungabona ngokucacile konke kusukela esakhiweni senhliziyo, ukusebenza kwama-valve, indlela igazi eligeleza ngayo, ubukhulu be-VSD, kanye nendawo ye-aorta. Lesi isivivinyo esiyinhloko sokuxilonga i-Tetralogy of Fallot.
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): Lokhu kurekhoda umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo. Kungabona izinto ezifana namakamelo enhliziyo akhulisiwe nezinkinga zesigqi.
• I-X-ray yesifuba:Lokhu kunganikeza umbono wezinto ezifana nosayizi nesimo senhliziyo nokuthi inani legazi eliya emaphashini lincane kakhulu noma likhulu kakhulu.
• I-Computed Tomography (CT) scan noma i-MRI scan yenhliziyo: Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa uma kudingeka ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi emikhulu.
• Ukufakwa Kwe-Catheter Kwenhliziyo: Kulokhu, ipayipi elincane kakhulu (i-catheter) lidluliselwa emthanjeni wegazi osesiswini noma engalweni yengane liye enhliziyweni, lapho kulinganiswa khona ingcindezi engaphakathi kwenhliziyo, kuhlolwa amazinga omoya-mpilo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kufakwa idayi bese kuthathwa izithombe ze-X-ray. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekuhloleni ngokunembile isimo senhliziyo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kusiza ekuhloleni izinto ezifana nezinga lomoya-mpilo egazini kanye nenani lamaseli abomvu egazi (i-Hemoglobin).

Lesi simo `(Overriding Aorta)` siphathwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu nokuwukuphela kwakho okuhlala njalo kwalesi simo (i-Tetralogy of Fallot) ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe zonke izinkinga ezine enhliziyweni. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa njengokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile .

• Isikhathi sokuhlinzwa: Ezimweni eziningi, odokotela batusa ukwenza lokhu kuhlinzwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana abe nezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, noma phakathi nonyaka wokuqala . Kunezikhathi lapho kungase kwenziwe ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi kwezinye izingane, kuye ngesimo sengane.
• Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?: Udokotela ohlinzayo uvala imbobo odongeni phakathi kwama-ventricle (VSD) nge-patch ekhethekile. Uphinde asuse ukuvaleka kwemithambo yamaphaphu kanye ne-valve, okuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze kahle. Uma lezi zinto sezilungisiwe, inkinga ye-aorta edlulayo kanye nokuqina kwe-ventricle yesokudla kuyaxazululwa.
• I-Temporary Shunt: Ezinye izingane zincane kakhulu, noma imithambo yazo yamaphaphu incane kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungaba nzima ukwenza ukuhlinzwa okuphelele ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela ohlinzayo angafaka i-shunt okwesikhashana. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha igatsha elivela ku-aorta yengane noma komunye umthambo omkhulu bese ulixhuma emthanjeni wamaphaphu. Lokhu kwandisa inani legazi eliya emaphashini, okuhlinzeka impumuzo kuze kube yilapho ingane isikhulile kancane futhi ukuhlinzwa okuphelele kungenziwa.

Odokotela bebelokhu benza lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile ukuze baphathe i-Tetralogy of Fallot kusukela ngawo-1950, ngakho-ke lena inqubo esungulwe kahle emkhakheni wezokwelapha.

Izinhlobo zemithi esetshenziswayo

Ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa, eminye imithi isetshenziswa ukulawula izimpawu nokuvimbela izinkinga:

• Imithi ye-Beta-blocker (isib. i-Propranolol): Le mithi isiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthi lezo ziphonso ze-Tet eziyingozi zingabi khona futhi yehlise ubukhali bazo uma zingenzeka.
• Ama-Diuretics: Lawa asiza ekunciphiseni uketshezi olungadingekile emzimbeni futhi anciphise ingcindezi enhliziyweni (ezimweni ezifana nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo).
• `(Ama-antibiotic)` (Ama-antibiotic):Izingane ezinalolu hlobo lwesifo senhliziyo zisengozini yokuthola ukutheleleka kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo (`Infective Endocarditis`), ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezinqubo ezithile zezokwelapha njengokukhishwa kwamazinyo. Ngakho-ke, lo muthi unikezwa ukuvimbela ukutheleleka okunjalo.

Ingabe zikhona izinkinga ngokwelashwa?

Ngisho noma ukuhlinzwa kuphumelele, kungase kuvele ezinye izinkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

• Lapho kulungiswa i-Tetralogy of Fallot, odokotela abahlinzayo benza i-valve yamaphaphu ibe lula kancane, ngakho abantu abaningi bangase bathole igazi elincane livuza emuva ngaleyo valve (ukubuyela kwe-pulmonary regurgitation).
• Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuba nezinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo (i-arrhythmias).
• Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuvuza kwevalvu kuyanda, kubeka ukucindezeleka okukhulu ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo, okubangela ukuba leyo ngxenye ikhule, futhi kungaholela nasekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo.
• Eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokuhlinzwa, izinto ezifana ne-aorta ekhulisiwe (ukwanda kwezimpande ze-aortic) noma i-valve ye-tricuspid evuzayo zingenzeka. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ungadinga ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe noma olunye ukwelashwa. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuhlolwa njalo.

Ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu zomntwana kuze kube yilapho ehlinzwa?

Kuze kube yilapho ukuhlinzwa sekuqediwe, odokotela bazokwenza okulandelayo ukulawula izimpawu zomntwana nokunikeza induduzo kumntwana:

• Uma kudingeka, nikeza imithi yenhliziyo (isib., ama-beta-blockers).
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umntwana uthola uketshezi olwanele kanye nokudla okwanele.
• Hlola izinga le-hemoglobin egazini njalo, futhi uma kudingeka, nikeza amasiraphu aqukethe i-iron (ukuvimbela i-anemia).
• Gwema imisebenzi ebangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu enganeni, njengokukhala isikhathi eside.
• Uma kwenzeka "i-tet spell", ukubamba amadolo engane eduze kwesifuba sayo ("indawo yokuma phakathi kwamadolo nesifuba") kunganikeza impumuzo. Udokotela wakho uzokufundisa ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu.

Ingabe ingozi yokuthi lokhu kwenzeke ingancishiswa?

Nakuba ngokuvamile kungaziwa ukuthi yini ebangela isifo senhliziyo ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi impilo kamama nendlela yakhe yokuphila ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ingasithinta. Izici ezilandelayo zingandisa ingozi yokuba umntwana abe nesifo senhliziyo:

• Ukuba nesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso kumama, ubaba, noma elinye ilungu lomndeni.
• Umama ubhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Umama uthola isifo esifana ne-"Rubella" (isimungumungwane saseJalimane) ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa.
• Umama unesifo sikashukela esingalawuleki.
• Ukuthatha imithi ethile (isib. eminye imithi yokuxhuzula) phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kukamama.
• Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Ubudala bomama obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuncishiswe le ngozi ekukhulelweni kwesikhathi esizayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela impilo yakho ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, ukulawula izimo zezokwelapha ezikhona (njengesifo sikashukela), ukugwema ngokuphelele ukubhema notshwala, futhi ungathathi noma yimiphi imithi ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela wakho. Uma kukhona emndenini wakho onesifo senhliziyo, kuwukuhlakanipha futhi ukufuna iseluleko kumeluleki wezakhi zofuzo.

Hlobo luni lwekusasa ingane ene-`(Overriding Aorta)` engalulindela?

Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kusabisa kuwe, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi, iningi lezinsana liyaqhubeka nokuphila impilo evamile nenempilo ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

• Izinsana ezingaphezu kuka-90% eziye zahlinzwa ngempumelelo ngenxa ye-Tetralogy of Fallot (okuhlanganisa ne-Overriding Aorta) zikhula kahle futhi ziphila impilo evamile yabantu abadala. Ziya esikoleni, zidlale, zisebenze, futhi zinemindeni. Ezinye ziphila impilo enempilo zize zibe neminyaka engu-70 no-80.
• Kodwa-ke, uma ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa, lesi simo siyingozi. Uma lokho kwenzeka, izimpawu zizoqhubeka ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zinciphise isikhathi sakho sokuphila. Ungase ungafi ngisho neminyaka engama-20 ubudala.

Ngakho-ke, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza ukwelashwa okufanele ngesikhathi esifanele.

Ungamnakekela kanjani umntwana ngemva kokuhlinzwa?

Uma uletha ingane yakho ekhaya ngemva kokuhlinzwa, unomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu.

• Ukuvakashelwa okuvamile kokulandelela: Ingane yakho izodinga ukuvakashelwa okuvamile kokulandelela nodokotela wenhliziyo wezingane. Lokhu kungase kube kaningi ekuqaleni, bese kuba kaningi. Ungaziyeki lezi.
• Ukuvikela izifo zokuphefumula: Izingane ezike zahlinzwa inhliziyo kanje zingaba nezifo zokuphefumula, okungaholela ezinkingeni ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke gcina ingane yakho kude nabantu abanomkhuhlane kanye nemfiva. Uma kuvela ukutheleleka okunjalo, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Ama-antibiotic: Odokotela bangase batuse ama-antibiotic ngaphambi kwezinqubo ezithile zamazinyo noma ezinye izinhlinzeko ezincane zokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo (i-endocarditis). Buza udokotela wakho ngalokhu.
• Ukudla Okunomsoco Nokukhula: Nakekela ukudla okunomsoco nokukhula kwengane yakho.
• Imisebenzi: Njengoba ingane yakho ikhula, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nemisebenzi nemidlalo engayenza. Esikhathini esiningi, ingenza konke ngendlela evamile.

Njengoba sikhula, kungase kuvele izinkinga ezintsha zenhliziyo, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokuhlolwa kochwepheshe benhliziyo ngisho noma sesikhulile.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ingane yakho ikhombisa noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, bona udokotela noma uyiyise esibhedlela ngokushesha:

• Uma kuvela izimpawu ezintsha.
• Uma isikhumba sakho, izindebe, nolimi lwakho kubonakala sengathi kuphenduka okwesibhakabhaka.
• Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula.
• Uma ungabaza ukuphuza ubisi noma ukudla ukudla.
• Uma ubonakala ukhathala ngokushesha.

Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo (ER)?

Uma ingane yakho ine-"Tet spell" enzima, okusho ukuthi ivele iphenduke ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ibe nobunzima bokuphefumula, noma isizoquleka, shayela u-911 ngokushesha noma uyiyise ekamelweni eliphuthumayo lesibhedlela esiseduze. Lapho, inganikwa umoya-mpilo kanye/noma imithi efana ne-"Morphine" ukulawula lesi simo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ngesikhathi esinjengalesi, ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi engqondweni yakho. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho ngalezi zinto:

• Ingabe kufanele nginciphise imidlalo yengane yami noma eminye imisebenzi?
• Kukangaki ingane yami idinga ukuza ukuzohlolwa?
• Ingabe ingane yami izodinga ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe? Uma kunjalo, nini?
• Yiziphi izinkinga zesikhathi eside okufanele uzilindele? Yini engenziwa ukuze zivinjelwe?
• Yimiphi imithi okufanele inikwe ingane? Kufanele inikwe isikhathi esingakanani? Ingabe inemiphumela emibi?

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu esifuna ukuzithatha ekhaya kule ndaba yilezi:

Kulungile, sesikhulume kakhulu nge-Overriding Aorta kanye ne-Tetralogy of Fallot. Cishe uzizwa ucindezelekile kakhulu njengamanje. Kodwa, khumbula lezi zinto:

• I-Overriding Aorta yisifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso esibizwa ngokuthi i-Tetralogy of Fallot. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-aorta yengane iphazamiseka khona, okubangela ukuba igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo ligeleze emzimbeni wonke.
• Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukukhathala, ubunzima bokuphefumula, kanye 'nezipelingi ze-tet' eziyingozi.
• Lesi simo singelashwa ngempumelelo ngokuhlinzwa. Odokotela abahlinzayo bebelokhu bekwenza lokhu kuhlinzwa ngempumelelo amashumi eminyaka.
• Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, izingane eziningi ziphila impilo enempilo nejwayelekile.
• Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha nokulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu. Awuwedwa kulolu hambo. Kukhona odokotela abanekhono, abahlengikazi, nabasebenzi bezempilo abazokusiza futhi bakuqondise wena nomntwana wakho. Ngakho-ke yiba nesibindi.

Uma ingane yakho esanda kuzalwa ilinde ukuhlinzwa, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela kanye nabasebenzi bobuhlengikazi ngezinto ongazenza ukusiza ingane yakho ngesikhathi senqubo, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma kuvela "i-tet spell". Lolo lwazi luzokusiza kakhulu.

` i-aorta edlulayo, i-tetralogy ye-fallot, isici senhliziyo esizalwa naso, isici se-ventricular septal, i-cyanosis, ama-tet spells, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuvulekile, isifo senhliziyo, amaphutha okuzalwa, umntwana oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-tetralogy ye-fallot, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo sabantwana