Usaba isimungumungwane? Ungakhathazeki! Ake sithole ukuthi siyini ngempela!

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngokwanda kwezigameko zesimungumungwane kulezi zinsuku. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukubonile emaphephandabeni noma ezindabeni. Kodwa asikho isidingo sokwesaba ngokushesha. Uma wazi la maqiniso, ungazivikela wena, umndeni wakho, ikakhulukazi izingane zakho kulesi sifo. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kalula nje, njengokukhuluma nomngane.

Kuyini isimungumungwane?

Kalula nje, isimungumungwane siwukutheleleka okuthelelanayo kakhulu okusakazeka kalula kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye . Uma kwenzeka, kuvela njengokuqubuka esikhumbeni wonke umzimba, kanye nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, impumulo egobhozayo, nokukhwehlela. Ukuze kube sobala, kubangelwa igciwane. Ngakho-ke, njengoba kuyigciwane, akukho muthi othize, okungukuthi, 'ukwelapha'. Njengezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, isimungumungwane siyakhula, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kufanele sibe ngcono ngokwaso. Amasosha omzimba emzimbeni wethu alwa naleli gciwane futhi asiphulukise.

Kungani isifo sofuba sivame kangaka kulezi zinsuku?

Eqinisweni, emazweni amaningi omhlaba, okuhlanganisa neSri Lanka yethu, lesi sifo manje sesilawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yokugonywa kahle kwe-measles. Lokho kusho ukuthi abantu abaningi bagonyiwe, ngakho-ke lesi sifo asivamile ukwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho abantu bengagonywanga khona ngendlela efanele, noma phakathi kwamaqembu angagonywanga, singabona lesi sifo sisakazeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Yingakho kubalulekile kithi ukuthi sihlale siqaphela lokhu. Akufanele sesabe, kodwa siqaphele.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo se-measles?

Izimpawu zokuqala zesimungumu ...

Ake sifunde futhi ngezindawo zikaKoplik.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ngezinye izikhathi zingase zibe namabala amancane abomvu anesikhungo esimhlophe okwesibhakabhaka esibizwa ngokuthi 'amabala kaKoplik' ngaphakathi emlonyeni nangaphakathi kwezihlathi. Lawa abukeka njengezinhlayiya zikasawoti. Lawa mabala avela ngosuku noma ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuqubuka. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu owatholayo, futhi abanye abantu bakuthola kunzima ukuwabona. Udokotela angase asole ukuthi unesimungumungwane uma ewabona.

Imvubelo iphuma kanjani?

Cishe ezinsukwini ezi-3-5 ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu zokuqala, kuvela ukuqubuka okubomvu kuya kokunsundu. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuqubuka kuhambisana nomkhuhlane ophakeme ofinyelela kuma-degree Celsius angu-40 (104°F) . Ingane ingase ingakhululeki kakhulu futhi ibe nobuhlungu emzimbeni phakathi nalesi sikhathi.

Lokhu kuqubuka kuvame ukuqala ebunzini njengamabala abomvu asicaba. La mabala kungaba nzima ukuwabona kahle ezinganeni ezinesikhumba esimnyama.Kodwa uma ubhekisisa, ungakubona. Bese lokhu kuqubuka kusakazeka ebusweni bonke, kuqala ngemuva kwezindlebe, phansi entanyeni, emzimbeni, esifubeni, esiswini, bese kuba ezingalweni, emilenzeni, bese kuthi ekugcineni kuphele izinsuku ezi-5-6. Ezinye izingane zingaba lusizi kakhulu lapho kuvela lokhu kuqubuka. Ngezinye izikhathi, njengoba ukuqubuka kunyamalala, isikhumba singase siqhekeke.

Isifo semasisi sidluliselwa kanjani?

I-measles iyathelelana kakhulu. Yingakho ingaba yingozi kangaka. Isakazeka ngokuhogela amaconsi amancane ('amaconsi') avela kumuntu one-measles lapho ekhwehlela noma ethimula , noma ngokuthinta izindawo ezingcoliswe yilawo maconsi bese ethinta ikhala, umlomo, noma amehlo akhe. Cabanga nje, lapho umuntu one-measles ethimula, lawo maconsi amancane aqukethe igciwane angena emoyeni. Uma umuntu oseduze ephefumula lowo moya, amathuba okuthola lesi sifo aphezulu kakhulu.

Umuntu onesimungumungwane angasabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye kusukela ezinsukwini ezi-5 ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma kanye nezinsuku ezi-4 ngemuva kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sifo singasabalala ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma . Lena yinto eyingozi kakhulu, ngoba ungasabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi unaso.

Ngingamvikela kanjani umntwana wami ekuhlaselweni yisimungumungwane?

Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Ungayivikela ingane yakho ekuguleni ngokuthola umuthi wokugomela i-measles-mumps-rubella, noma umuthi wokugomela i-MMR, ngesikhathi. Lesi isivikelo esingcono kakhulu nesibaluleke kakhulu esitholakalayo. Lo muthi wokugomela uphephile kakhulu futhi usebenza kahle.

Iningi lezingane livikelwe ekuhlaselweni yisimungumungwane ngomuthi wokugomela i-MMR. Kwamanye amazwe, umuthi wokugomela i-MMRV unikezwa kanye nomuthi wokugomela i-chickenpox (`Varicella`). Ezweni lakithi, umuthi wokugomela i-MMR yiwona osetshenziswa kakhulu. Lo muthi wokugomela unikezwa ngemithamo emibili:

• Umthamo wokuqala unikezwa ingane eneminyaka ephakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12-15 ubudala (kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, isibonelo, uma ingane ihamba kwamanye amazwe, inganikezwa kusenesikhathi, okungukuthi kusukela ezinyangeni eziyi-6. Kufanele uxoxe ngalokhu nodokotela wakho).
• Umthamo wesibili unikezwa phakathi kweminyaka engu- 4-6 , ngokuvamile ngaphambi kokuqala isikole.

Iningi labantu liba nokuzivikela okuhle kwe-measles ngemva komthamo wokuqala womuthi wokugomela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bavikelwe ngaphezu kuka-90%. Lokhu kuvikelwa kuyanda cishe ku-97% ngemva komthamo wesibili. Lokhu kuzivikela kuvame ukuba khona impilo yonke . Lokhu kusho ukuthi amathuba okuthola i-measles futhi aphansi kakhulu.

Kuthiwani uma ingane yami ingakagonywa noma ingenakugonywa?

Uma ingane yakho ingakagonyelwa isimungumungwane ngesizathu esithile, akukapheli isikhathi . Ngisho noma ingane yakho ingaphezu kweminyaka enconywayo, ungayithola le mithi yokugoma nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Buza udokotela wakho womndeni noma umnyango wezempilo wendawo ngakho.

Kodwa-ke, uma ingane yakho ingenakugonywa ngenxa yesimo esithile sempilo (isibonelo, umdlavuza onzima, isifo esenza buthaka isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela), noma uma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sengane sibuthakathaka kakhulu, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela isimungumungwane iwukuthi:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo. Kufanele ugeze izandla zakho okungenani imizuzwana engama-20.
• Hlala kude nabantu abane-measles ngokuphelele.
• Ukugcina indawo ezungezile ingane ihlanzekile.

Kuthiwani uma ingane engagonyiwe ibhekene nesiguli esinesimungumungwane?

Lokhu kuyinto edinga ukunakwa. Isibonelo, uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho ike yabhekana nesiguli esinesimungumungwane (esingagonywanga), yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha . Kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha futhi ungesabi.

Kubantu abaye bavezwa yisimungumungwane futhi abasengozini enkulu (ikakhulukazi izingane ezingagonyiwe, abesifazane abakhulelwe, kanye nabantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka), odokotela bangabanika umjovo wama-antibodies esimungumungwane, owaziwa nangokuthi i-immune globulin . Lokhu kufana nokubanika umjovo wamasosha alungele ukulwa nalesi sifo. Kusebenza kakhulu uma kunikezwa zingakapheli izinsuku eziyisithupha zokuvezwa. Lawa ma-antibodies angavimbela isimungumungwane ukuba sikhule ngokuphelele, noma anganciphisa kakhulu izimpawu futhi amise lesi sifo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu.

Futhi, uma umuntu ongakagonyelwa isimungumungwane ethola umthamo womuthi wokugomela i-MMR zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-3 (amahora angu-72) ngemuva kokuchayeka esigulini, kungasiza futhi ekuvimbeleni lesi sifo noma ekunciphiseni ubukhali besifo. Lokhu kufanele futhi kuxoxwe nodokotela wakho bese kwenziwa isinqumo.

Ngingawutholaphi umuthi wokugomela i-MMR wengane yami?

Ungathola umuthi wokugomela i-MMR wengane yakho ehhovisi lomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa okuyinhloko , emitholampilo yokugomela ezibhedlela zikahulumeni, kanye nemitholampilo yezingane eziphilile eqhutshwa amahhovisi amaningi endawo e-Medical Officer of Health (MOH) . Lo muthi wokugomela wamahhala onikezwa uhulumeni.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ingane yami inezimpawu zesifo semvukuzane?

Uma ingane yakho inomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, kanye nokuqubuka okusolakala ukuthi ingase ibe nesimungumungwane, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukushayela udokotela ucingo noma uye esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha . Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwesimungumungwane, udokotela wakho angenza ukuxilongwa okunembile, anikeze iseluleko esidingekayo, futhi ahlole izinkinga.

Izindlela zokwelapha ongayenza ekhaya

Kanye neseluleko sikadokotela, unganikeza ingane yakho impumuzo ngokwenza lezi zinto ekhaya:

• Nika ingane yakho uketshezi oluningi ukuze iphuze. Izinto ezifana namanzi, umhluzi, iphalishi, isobho, kanye nejusi yezithelo konke kuhle. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukuphumula okwanele. Mgcine kude nemisebenzi enzima njengokugijima nokugxuma, futhi mvumele alale kahle futhi aphumule.
• Uma ingane yakho inenkinga yomkhuhlane, ungayinika umuthi wokwehlisa umkhuhlane, njenge- acetaminophen yezingane noma i-ibuprofen, ngenani elinqunywe udokotela wakho. Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ulandela imiyalelo esephaketheni lomuthi ukuze uthole inani eliqondile nokuthi kufanele uwunike kangaki.

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ungalokothi unike ingane noma umuntu osemusha onesifo esibangelwa yigciwane i-aspirin (njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane). Lokhu kungabangela i-Reye syndrome, isimo esibi kakhulu, esisongela ukuphila esilimaza ubuchopho nesibindi. Ngakho-ke qaphela kakhulu ngalokhu.

• Gcina igumbi lifiphele, njengoba isimungumungwane singenza amehlo akho azwele ukukhanya (i-photophobia).
• Unganikeza uju oluncane (lwabantwana abangaphezu konyaka) ukuze ukhwehlele.

Qaphela nalezi zinto.

Uma isimo sengane yakho sibonakala siba sibi kakhulu (isib. ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukozela okukhulu, ukuxhuzula, noma umkhuhlane ophezulu), tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Isimungumungwane singabangela ezinye izinkinga. Isibonelo:

• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe
• I-Croup (ukukhwehlela okufana nokukhonkotha kwenja ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwemigudu yomoya)
• Uhudo
• I-pneumonia (ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu)
• I-Encephalitis (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu)

Ngesikhathi sesimungumungwane, gwema ukuthumela ingane yakho esikoleni, ekunakekelweni kwasemini, emakilasini, noma eminye imisebenzi yomphakathi noma yamaqembu ngokuphelele. Gcina ingane yakho ekhaya okungenani izinsuku ezi-4 ngemva kokuba kuvele ukuqhuma. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthi lesi sifo singasabalali kwabanye, ikakhulukazi labo abangakagonywa.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi kukhona ukuqubuka kwesifo sesimungumungwane endaweni yami?

ESri Lanka, uMnyango Wezempilo (`uMnyango Wezempilo`) noma amahhovisi e-MOH endawo avame ukwazisa umphakathi ngokuqubuka okunjalo. Ungabheka amawebhusayithi abo asemthethweni, amakhasi e-Facebook noma imibiko yabezindaba. Ungabuza nombelethisi wakho wendawo noma udokotela ngalokhu. Ungathola ngokuqubuka emhlabeni kanye nakwamanye amazwe kumawebhusayithi e-World Health Organization (`WHO`) kanye, e-US, i-CDC (`Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo`).

Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu

Ngakho-ke, nakuba isimungumungwane siyisifo esithathelwanayo esingabangela izinkinga ngezinye izikhathi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungakhathazeki ngaso ngokungadingekile, ukwaziswa, nokwenza izinto ngendlela efanele.

• Umuthi wokugomela i-MMR uyisivikelo esingcono kakhulu ngokumelene nesimungumungwane. Ungalokothi ukhohlwe ukunikeza ingane yakho umuthi wokugomela ngesikhathi. Uyisivikelo esikhulu kakhulu ongasinika ingane yakho.
• Uma unezimpawu zesimungumungwane (umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ikhala eligobhozayo, amehlo abomvu, ukuqubuka), funa iseluleko sikadokotela ngokushesha. Ungaziphilisi.
• Uma ingane yakho ithola isimungumungwane, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho. Phumula ngokwanele, unikeze uketshezi, futhi uyigcine ekhaya ukuze uvimbele ukusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye .
• Ungalokothi usebenzise i-aspirin uma unesifo somkhuhlane, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Ukulandela imikhuba elula yokuhlanzeka njengokugeza izandla njalo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izifo eziningi.

Uma ukhumbula lezi zinto, ungazivikela wena nomndeni wakho kulesi sifo futhi uhlale uphilile. Uma unemibuzo noma udinga ulwazi olwengeziwe, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela womndeni wakho noma isisebenzi sezempilo somndeni. Bazokusiza.

Isimungumungwane , umuthi wokugomela i-MMR, izimpawu zesimungumungwane, impilo yezingane, izifo ezithelelanayo, umuthi wokugomela, amabala kaKoplik, ukuzivikela komzimba