Ake sifunde ngqo nge-measles. Lezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu nakumntwana wakho!

Sawubona! Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esingathinta izingane ezincane futhi ngezinye izikhathi abantu abadala, futhi okudingeka siqaphele kancane ngaso. Leso yisimungumungwane, noma ngesiNgisi, isifo `(Isimungumungwane)`. Abanye abantu basibiza nangokuthi `(Rubeola)`. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngokuthi kuyini lokhu, kubangelwa kanjani, yiziphi izimpawu, nokuthi singakugwema kanjani, kulungile?

Iyini i-measles? Ingabe iyingozi ngempela?

Kalula nje, isimungumungwane siwukutheleleka okuthelelanayo kakhulu ngegciwane . Uma kwenzeka, sibangela amabala amancane abomvu emzimbeni wonke, kanye nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nokubanda. Esikhathini esidlule, isimungumungwane sasiyisifo esivame kakhulu. Kodwa manje, ngenxa yemigomo, siye salawulwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emazweni afana neSri Lanka. Kodwa-ke, kwamanye amazwe omhlaba, izigidi zabantu zisasithola minyaka yonke, futhi singasakazeka ngokushesha.

Njengoba i-measles ibangelwa igciwane, akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwalo. Okusho ukuthi, amasosha omzimba ethu yiwo alwa negciwane futhi alilawule. Ngakho-ke, konke okudingeka umntwana one-measles akwenze ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi, aphumule ngokwanele, futhi agweme ukuya esikoleni, enkulisa, noma kwezinye izindawo ezinabantu abaningi ukuvimbela ukusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye.

Ingabe ingane yami inesimungumungwane? Ngizibona kanjani lezi zimpawu?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakala lapho kuvela isimungumungwane. Izimpawu zokuqala zifana nezomkhuhlane ovamile. Okungukuthi , ukukhwehlela, ikhala eligobhozayo, umkhuhlane, namehlo abomvu . Kulezi zinsuku, ezinye izingane zingabona amabala amancane abomvu emlonyeni nasezihlathini, anamachashazi amhlophe-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phakathi (`(amachashazi kaKoplik)`). Lawa avela ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ukuqubuka emzimbeni. Cabanga ngawo njengezinkanyezi ezincane.

Ngemuva kwalokho, cishe ezinsukwini ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5 ngemva kwalezi zimpawu zokuqala, ukuqubuka kuqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, umkhuhlane ungase ube phezulu kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ufinyelele kuma-degree Celsius angu-40 (104°F). Ukuqubuka kuvame ukuqala ebunzini, njengamabala ayisicaba, abomvu . Ezinganeni ezinesikhumba esimnyama, amabala angase angabonakali kangako, ngakho-ke qaphela ngalokho. Ukuqubuka bese kusakazeka ebusweni bonke, phansi entanyeni, nasesifubeni, esiswini, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, umkhuhlane kanye nokuqubuka kuyaphela kancane kancane.

I-measles isakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani? Isakazeka kanjani?

I-Mass iyisifo esithelelanayo kakhulu . Cabanga nje, abantu abayisishiyagalolunye kwabayishumi abangakagonyelwa i-mass banamathuba amaningi okuyithola uma beseduze nomuntu onesifo. Yileyo ndlela esisakazeka ngayo ngokushesha.

Ngakho-ke isakazeka kanjani? Leli gciwane litholakala emathonsini amancane aphuma emlonyeni nasekhaleni lapho umuntu onegciwane lesimungumungwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula. Lawa mathonsi angakhishwa emoyeni futhi asakazekele kumuntu ophilile ophefumula umoya, noma uma othile ethinta indawo enaleli gciwane bese ethinta ikhala noma umlomo wakhe. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-6 nezingama-21 ngemuva kokuchayeka kuleli gciwane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungathatha isikhathi ukuthi umuntu aqaphele ukuthi unesifo.

Enye into ebalulekile okufanele uyiqaphele ukuthi umuntu onesimungumungwane angasabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye kusukela ezinsukwini ezi-5 ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu kuze kube yizinsuku ezi-4 ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Futhi, abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, njengalabo abangenwe yi-HIV, iziguli ezinomdlavuza, noma labo abathatha imithi ethile (ama-immunosuppressants), bangasabalalisa igciwane kuze kube yilapho belulama.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma ungenwa yisimungumungwane? Ungazinakekela kanjani ekhaya?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile ('ukwelapha') kwegciwane lesimungumungwane. Ngakho esingakwenza nje ukusiza ekulawuleni izimpawu.

Nazi izinto ongazenza ekhaya:

• Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho iphuza uketshezi oluningi. Amanzi, ijusi yezithelo, umhluzi, kanye nephalishi konke kuyizinketho ezinhle. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukuphumula okwanele. Ukungazikhandla ngokweqile kuyayisiza ukuthi ilulame ngokushesha. Unganciphisa ingane yakho ezintweni ezifana nokubukela i-TV nokufunda izincwadi.
• Uma umkhuhlane uphezulu futhi ingane inenkinga, nikeza umuthi wokuqeda izinhlungu noma wokunciphisa umkhuhlane njenge-"Paracetamol" noma i-"Ibuprofen." Khumbula njalo ukunikeza umthamo oshiwo udokotela.
• Kodwa, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu: Ungalokothi unike ingane ene-aspirin, ikakhulukazi ingane encane noma ingane encane. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela isimo esiyingozi kakhulu nesisongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi i-Reye syndrome. Ngakho-ke qaphela kakhulu ngalokhu.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ingane enesimungumungwane ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuseduze kwezokwelapha , ngoba ngezinye izikhathi isisimungumungwane singadala ezinye izinkinga, ezidinga ukwelashwa okuhlukile.

Ingabe isimungumungwane singadala ezinye izinkinga?

Yebo, ngeshwa, ezinye izingane zingaba nezinye izinkinga zempilo ngenxa yesimungumungwane. Ezinye zalezi ziyi:

• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe : Lokhu kuvamile ezinganeni ezincane.
• I-Croup, isifo sokuphefumula esifana nokukhwehlela okungapheli, singabangela ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Uhudo : Lokhu kungabangela nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• I-pneumonia : Lokhu ukutheleleka okukhulu kwamaphaphu. Kungadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela.
• I-Encephalitis : Lokhu ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala kobuchopho. Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu esingaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside.

Isimungumungwane akusona isifo okufanele sidlalwe ngaso. Singabangela ukugula okukhulu ngisho nokufa ezinganeni. Ngakho-ke, uma unezimpawu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ingane enesimungumungwane kufanele igcinwe kude nabanye okungenani izinsuku ezi-4 ngemva kokuba kuvele ukuqubuka. Uma ingane ingenawo amasosha omzimba aqinile, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuze kube yilapho isilulame ngokuphelele futhi zonke izimpawu seziphelile.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama esikhumbeni?

Uma ucabanga ngokutheleleka kwesimungumungwane kanye nayo yonke imiphumela emibi engase ilandele, kungathatha amasonto ambalwa ukululama ngokuphelele . Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nesineke nokunakekela ingane yakho njengoba udokotela ekutshela.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuzivikela esifweni semvukuzane? Ake sifunde ngomuthi wokugomela!

Yebo! Indlela engcono kakhulu nephumelelayo yokuvikela izingane zakho emvukuzaneni iwukuzigomela ngesikhathi .

Iningi lezingane lithola lesi sivikelo semvukuzane emgomeni we-'MMR' . Lona umjovo ovikela kuzo zonke izifo ezintathu: 'Isimungumungwane', 'Ama-Mumps', kanye ne-'Rubella'. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuhlanganiswa nomjovo we-'Varicella' ukuze kwakheke umjovo we-'MMRV'. Lo mjovo uvame ukunikezwa izingane eziphakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-12 ne-15 ubudala, ngomthamo wokuqala, bese kuba umthamo wesibili, phakathi kweminyaka engu-4 nengu-6 ubudala . ESri Lanka, lo mjovo unikezwa mahhala nguhulumeni.

Cishe abantu abangu-95% baba namandla okuzivikela ngemva komthamo wokuqala womuthi wokugoma. Abanye baba namandla okuzivikela ngemva komthamo wesibili. Lokhu kuzivikela ngokuvamile kuhlala isikhathi eside.

Okunye, uma unezinhlelo zokuyisa ingane yakho kwelinye izwe lapho isinezinyanga ezi-6 ubudala (ikakhulukazi ezweni lapho kuvame khona isimungumungwane), usengamnika umthamo wokuqala womuthi wokugoma eneminyaka eyi-6. Khuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho ngalokhu bese unquma.

Kungani ukugonywa kubaluleke kangaka?

I-Mascuba manje isinciphile kakhulu emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa neSri Lanka, ngenxa yalezi zinhlelo zokugoma. Kodwa-ke, ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kusabikwa. Kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi emhlabeni, kubonakala nokuthi ukusabalala kwe-mascuba ngale ndlela kuye kwanda phakathi kwabantu abangakagonywa.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza wonke umntwana ongawuthola umuthi wokugoma ngesikhathi esifanele . Cabanga ngakho, abanye abantu, isibonelo, labo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka kakhulu, abanye abaguli abanomdlavuza, abakwazi ukuthola lo muthi wokugoma. Kodwa, lapho inani elikhulu labantu emphakathini lithola umuthi wokugoma, kunikeza nesivikelo kulabo abangakwazi ukuthola umuthi wokugoma. Ngoba amathuba okusabalala kwesifo ayancipha. Lokhu sikubiza nangokuthi 'ukuzivikela komhlambi' . Kufana nomndeni, sonke siyavikelana.

Abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwesifo sesimungumungwane:

• Izinsana (izinsana) ezingakakhuli ngokwanele ukuthola umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane.
• Kubantwana abancane kanye nentsha engakaqedi imithamo yomibili yomjovo wesimungumungwane.
• Kwabomama abakhulelwe.
• Kulabo abahlushwa ukungondleki kahle kanye nalabo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka.

Odokotela banganika abantu abasemaqenjini asengozini okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla abake bathintana nomuntu onesimungumungwane umuthi wokugomela obizwa ngokuthi "i-immune globulin" oqukethe ama-antibodies esimungumungwane . Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu uma kunikezwa zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-6 kusukela kuthintane nesiguli. La ma-antibodies angavimbela isimungumungwane ukuthi singabi noma sinciphise izimpawu.

Futhi, uma umuntu ongagonyiwe ethola umthamo womuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu ethintene nesiguli esinesimungumungwane, lokho kunganikeza nokuvikeleka okuthile ekungenweni yilesi sifo.

Yiziphi izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokuya kudokotela?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho inesimungumungwane, bona udokotela ngokushesha . Ungesabi, kodwa thola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela uma ingane yakho ibilokhu iseduze nomuntu onesimungumungwane, ikakhulukazi uma ingane yakho iwela kwesinye salezi zigaba:

• Uma ingane iseyingane encane (usana), isibonelo, engaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, ingozi iphezulu ngoba ayikakayitholi idosi yokuqala yomjovo.
• Uma uthatha imithi ecindezela (ecindezela) amasosha omzimba.
• Uma unesifo sofuba, umdlavuza, noma esinye isifo esithinta amasosha omzimba (isib. i-HIV).
• Uma ungakayitholi ngokugcwele yomibili imithamo yokugomela isimungumungwane.

Lezi yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho!

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu ngesifo sofuba namuhla, akunjalo? Nazi izinto eziyinhloko okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• I-Maasles yisifo esibangelwa yigciwane esisakazeka ngokushesha futhi singaba yingozi ngezinye izikhathi. Ungacabangi ngaso njengesifo esincane nje esishiya izibazi ezimbalwa emzimbeni wakho.
• Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela esifweni semvukuzane ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-MMR ngesikhathi. Lokhu kuyisivikelo esihle kakhulu enganeni yakho, kanye nakwabanye emphakathini.
• Uma unesifo sokuvuvukala emzimbeni wakho kanye nezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela, ikhala eligobhozayo, umkhuhlane, namehlo abomvu, kungaba yisimungumungwane. Hlola futhi amabala kaKoplik emlonyeni wakho.
• Uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho inesimungumungwane noma ike yahlangana nomuntu onesimungumungwane, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ikakhulukazi uma ingane yakho isencane, ingakagonywa ngokuphelele, noma inezinye izifo.
• Ekhaya, nikeza uketshezi oluningi bese uphumula. Nikeza i-Paracetamol uma umkhuhlane. Unganiki i-Aspirin! Khumbula lokhu kahle.
• Uma ingane yakho ithola isimungumungwane, yigcine ekhaya isikhashana ukuze ingayisabalalisi kwabanye.

Uma sinakekela lezi zinto, singavikela izingane zethu ezifweni zesimungumungwane kanye nezinkinga zaso eziyingozi. Uma uneminye imibuzo, ungakhohlwa ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela wezingane. Impilo enhle kuwo wonke umuntu!

'Isimungumungwane, Isimungumungwane, I-Rubeola, Umuthi wokugomela isimungumungwane, Umuthi wokugomela i-MMR, Izimpawu zesimungumungwane, Izifo zezingane