Ingabe ingane yakho encane ivele yaqubuka ezihlathini zayo, njenge-squirrel encane? Ingabe nawe uthi inomkhuhlane nezinhlungu? Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kungaba yizimpukane esizizwile sonke. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane uma uzwa leli gama, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ake sixoxe ngakho konke ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula.
Kuyini ngempela i-mumps?
Kalula nje, i-mumps yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa yigciwane. Sibangelwa yigciwane elingaphansi kweqembu lamagciwane e-paramyxoviruses. Lesi sifo sivame ukuqala njengomkhuhlane. Izimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu bomzimba, kanye nokukhathala yizo eziqala ukubonakala.
Kodwa-ke kuvela uphawu oluyisici salesi sifo. Lokho ukuvuvukala kwezindlala zamathe ezinhlangothini zombili zezihlathi zethu nangaphansi kwezindlebe. Lokhu kuvuvukala kubizwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi i-parotitis. Yingakho izihlathi zibonakala zivuvukile kanti nendawo yomhlathi nayo ibukeka ivuvukile.
Umkhuhlane wawuyisifo esivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokwethulwa komjovo we-mumps ngo-1967, inani lamacala alesi sifo lehla kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuqubuka komkhuhlane kusaqhubeka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi njengezindawo zokuhlala zaseyunivesithi.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela ingane yakho kulesi sifo ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) ngesikhathi. Nakuba i-mumps ngokuvamile ingeyona isifo esibi, ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.
Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo?
Umkhuhlane we-mumps uvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezineminyaka ephakathi kwemi-2 neyi-12 ezingakawutholi umuthi wokugomela i-mumps. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe zigonyiwe, intsha kanye nabantu abadala nabo bangawuthola lo muthi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba anikezwa umuthi wokugomela angancipha eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kokuba zigonyiwe. Kodwa-ke, indlela engcono kakhulu newukuphela kwayo yokuzivikela kumkhuhlane we-mumps ukuthola womabili umthamo womuthi wokugomela njengoba kuhleliwe.
Ziyini izimpawu zomumbu?
Izimpawu zokuqala zincane kakhulu. Abanye abantu bangaba naleli gciwane ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Ngakho abazi nokuthi banalo. Kungathatha izinsuku eziphakathi kweziyi-7 nezingama-25 ukuthi igciwane lingene emzimbeni nokuthi kuvele izimpawu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "isikhathi sokufukamela".
Ake sihlukanise ngokucacile izimpawu.
| Izimpawu zokuqala ezivamile | Uphawu oluyinhloko oluvela ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa |
|---|---|
| Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izindlala ze-parotid, ezitholakala phakathi kwendlebe nomhlathi, ziqala ukuvuvukala kabuhlungu. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungenzeka ohlangothini olulodwa noma zombili zobuso. Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-mumps. Lokhu kuvuvukala kwenzeka kubantu abangu-70% abanalo. |
| Izimpawu ezinkulu okufanele uziqaphele (funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha) | |
Lezi zimpawu ezinkulu zivame ukubonakala kubantu abasha nabadala. Kodwa uma ingane yakho inanoma yikuphi kwalokhu, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
| |
Khumbula, ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane nazo zingabangela ukuvuvukala kwezindlala zamathe, ngakho-ke akusikho njalo lapho isihlathi sakho sivuvukile, kodwa kusuke kuyi-mumps.
Isakazeka kanjani i-mumps?
I-mumps yisifo esithelelanayo kakhulu esisakazeka ngokuxhumana ngqo namathe noma amaconsi okuphefumula (aphuma lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula).
Kungasakazeka ngale ndlela:
- Uma ukhwehlela, uthimula, noma ukhuluma.
- Uma nibelana ngezinto ezifana namathoyizi, izinkomishi, nezinkezo ezingcoliswe amathe anegciwane.
- Ngesikhathi sokuxhumana okuseduze, njengalapho udlala imidlalo, udansa, noma uqabulana.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
- Kulabo abanesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka: Abantu abanesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka ngenxa yezinye izifo noma imithi bangasithola kalula lesi sifo.
- Kulabo abahamba kwamanye amazwe: Ingozi yokuchayeka kuleli gciwane iphakeme kwamanye amazwe.
- Kulabo abangakagonywa: Laba ngabantu abasengozini enkulu.
- Abantu abahlala eduze: Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezifana nezindawo zokuhlala zaseyunivesithi kanye nezisekelo zempi banamathuba amaningi okuthelelana ngalesi sifo.
Lesi sifo sithelelana isikhathi esingakanani?
Yebo, i-mumps iyathelelana kakhulu. Uma ingane yakho ine-mumps, ingasabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba izindlala zamathe ziqale ukuvuvukala kanye nezinsuku ezi-5 ngemva kokuqala kokuvuvukala . Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina ingane yakho kude nabanye abantu phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Akuyona into enhle ukuyithumela esikoleni noma enkulisa. Khumbula ukuthi abantu abangenazo izimpawu bangasabalalisa lesi sifo.
Udokotela wazi kanjani ukuthi lokhu kuyi-mumps?
Udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngezimpawu zengane yakho futhi ahlole ingane yakho. Ngokuvamile, ukuvuvukala ezihlathini kuzokwanela ukuxilonga ama-mumps.
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR: Udokotela usebenzisa i-swab ukuze athathe isampula ye-mucus ngaphakathi esihlathini noma emphinjeni wengane bese eyithumela elabhorethri ukuze ahlole ukuthi ikhona yini igciwane le-mumps.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kungathathwa isampula yegazi ukuqinisekisa isifo noma ukuhlola ezinye izifo ezingase zibangele ukuba izindlala zamathe zivuvuke.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ama-mumps?
Akukho muthi othize wokubulala igciwane le-mumps. Njengoba kuyisifo esibangelwa yigciwane, amasosha omzimba kumele alwe futhi aselaphe. Lesi sifo sivame ukuphela ngokwaso cishe emavikini amabili.
Ukwelashwa kwethu ukulawula izimpawu nokwenza ingane ikhululeke ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokwenza okulandelayo:
- Nikeza uketshezi oluningi: izinto ezifana namanzi, ijusi yezithelo, kanye nephalishi.
- Hlanza umlomo wakho ngamanzi anosawoti afudumele: Lokhu kuzonciphisa ubuhlungu emphinjeni nasemlonyeni.
- Nikeza ukudla okuthambile nokulula ukukuhlafuna: izinto ezifana nelayisi, isobho, kanye neyogathi.
- Unganiki ukudla okumuncu neziphuzo: Izinto ezifana namawolintshi nolamula zingandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamathe futhi zandise ubuhlungu.
- Faka amaphakethe eqhwa noma ama-compress afudumele ezindaweni ezivuvukele: Lokhu kunganciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala.
- Nikeza imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu kanye nemithi yokunciphisa umkhuhlane: Unganikeza imithi efana neParacetamol noma i-Ibuprofen njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ungalokothi unike izingane ezincane ezine-aspirin ezinomkhuhlane obangelwa yigciwane. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela isimo esiyingozi kakhulu esibizwa ngokuthi i-Reye's syndrome, esilimaza isibindi nobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, hlala uthintana nodokotela ngaphambi kokunikeza umuthi.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama kulesi sifo? Ingabe zikhona izinkinga?
Iningi lezingane liyalulama ngokuphelele phakathi namasonto ambalwa. Ingane ingabuyela esikoleni cishe isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuba izimpawu seziphelile futhi ukuvuvukala sekuphelile. Uma umuntu esene-mumps, ingozi yokuphinde ayithole empilweni yakhe iphansi kakhulu.
Nakuba umkhuhlane ngokuvamile ungewona omkhulu, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nezinkinga ezinkulu. Lezi azivamile.
- I-Arthritis: Ukuvuvukala kwamalunga nobuhlungu.
- Ukungezwa: Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa unomphela (okungavamile kakhulu).
- I-Encephalitis: Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho.
- I-Meningitis: Ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezimboze ubuchopho nomgogodla.
- I-Orchitis: Ukuvuvukala kwamasende kubafana, ikakhulukazi abesilisa abasebasha. Lokhu kungaholela ekungazali kamuva ekuphileni.
- I-Oophoritis: Ukuvuvukala kwama-ovari emantombazaneni.
- I-Pancreatitis: Ukuvuvukala kwe-pancreas.
Ukhunta ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngokuvamile akunangozi. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezingavamile, kungabangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu noma ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Uma ukhulelwe futhi uke wahlangana nomuntu onekhunta, bheka udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Ingabe ama-mumps awakwazi ukuvinjelwa?
Vele ungakwazi! Umkhuhlane yisifo esingavinjelwa ngempumelelo kakhulu ngomuthi wokugomela. Yingakho siwubiza ngokuthi umuthi wokugomela i-MMR . Lokhu kuvikela kuzo zonke izifo ezintathu: Isimungumungwane, Umkhuhlane kanye neRubella.
Ngokusho koHlelo Lukazwelonke Lokugoma lwaseSri Lanka, ingane ngayinye inikezwa imithamo emibili yalo mjovo.
- Umthamo wokuqala uphakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-12-15 ubudala.
- Umthamo wesibili uphakathi kweminyaka engu-4-6 ubudala.
Hlola irekhodi lokugoma lengane yakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi yomibili imithamo inikezwa ngesikhathi. Yilokho okungcono kakhulu ongakwenzela ingane yakho.
Ingabe umuthi wokugomela i-MMR uphephile?
Yebo, umuthi wokugomela i-MMR uwumuthi wokugomela ophephile kakhulu futhi osebenzayo. Usebenza cishe ngo-90%. Iningi lezingane alibi nemiphumela emibi. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinto ezincane njengokubomvu okuncane, ubuhlungu, umkhuhlane omncane, noma amabhamuza amancane esikhumbeni angase avele endaweni yomjovo.
Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi ingane ibe nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba nomgomo. Uma ingane yakho ibhekana nobunzima bokuphefumula, iphenduka ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma izizwa ikhathele ngemuva nje kokuthola umuthi wokugoma, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.
Ngaphambi kokugoma ingane yakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu okulandelayo:
- Ingabe ingane ike yaba nesifo sokuwa ngaphambili, noma ingabe kukhona emndenini oke waba naso?
- Ingabe uthatha imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba wakho?
- Ingabe unesifo esihlobene negazi?
- Wake waba nokusabela okubi kakhulu kokungezwani komzimba nomjovo we-MMR noma omunye umjovo ngaphambili?
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukhunta luyisifo esibangelwa yigciwane. Uphawu oluyinhloko ukuvuvukala kwezindlala zamathe ezinhlangothini zombili zezihlathi.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lokhu ukunikeza ingane yakho imithamo yomibili yomjovo we-MMR ngesikhathi. Hlola isimo somjovo wengane yakho namuhla.
- Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwalokhu. Okungenziwa nje ukulawula izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane nobuhlungu. Vumela ingane iphumule kahle.
- Ungalokothi unike ingane ene-aspirin nganoma yisiphi isizathu.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinkulu njengomkhuhlane ophakeme, intamo eqinile, noma ikhanda elibuhlungu elibi, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Ngenxa yokuthi i-mumps iyisifo esithathelwanayo, gcina ingane egulayo kude nabanye, ikakhulukazi labo abangakagonywa.
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