Izifo Ezithelelanayo Nezifo EzithelelanayoJulayi 16, 2026🔄 Updated: Jul 16, 2026⏱ 5 min

Unegciwane noma unegciwane? Ake sithole ukuthi yini ngempela onayo (Ukutheleleka Kwamagciwane Namagciwane)

Creator: Dr. Priya Sammani
Published: 2026-07-16T13:51:57.000Z

Dr. Priya Sammani, MBBS, PG Dip. FMMedical Verification

Sivame ukuba nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela. Ngezinye izikhathi siphinde sibe nobuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo, njll. Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, sivame ukucabanga, "Oh... leli yigciwane." Kodwa akudingeki kube yigciwane njalo. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Ngakho-ke uyini umehluko phakathi kwalawa amabili, amagciwane namagciwane? Siwabona kanjani? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngqo, kalula, namuhla.

Izimpawu ezivamile zokutheleleka ngamagciwane kanye namagciwane

Zombili izinhlobo zokutheleleka zinezinto eziningana ezifanayo. Zombili zibangelwa amagciwane esingenakuwabona ngamehlo ethu. Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kubangelwa amagciwane, kanti ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kubangelwa amagciwane. Zombili izinhlobo zingasakazeka ngendlela efanayo.

Uma ukhwehlela futhi uthimula.
Uma usondelene nomuntu onegciwane (ikakhulukazi ngokuqabulana nokuxhumana ngokocansi).
Kusukela ezindaweni ezingcolisiwe, ukudla, namanzi.
Kusukela ezifuyweni, ezilwaneni zasemapulazini, kanye nezinambuzane ezifana nezimpukane namakhizane.

Lawa ma-microorganism angabangela nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokutheleleka:

Ukutheleleka okunamandla: Lokhu kuyaphola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, isonto noma amabili.
Izifo ezingamahlalakhona: Lokhu kungahlala amasonto, izinyanga, noma ngisho nokuphila konke.
Ukutheleleka okucashile: Lokhu kungase kungabonakali izimpawu ekuqaleni, kodwa kungase kuphinde kuvele ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni kamuva.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, kokubili ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kanye namagciwane kungabangela ukugula okuncane, okuphakathi nendawo kanye nokugula okunzima.

Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamagciwane namagciwane?

Nakuba kokubili amabhaktheriya namagciwane kuncane kakhulu ukuba kubonakale ngaphandle kwesibonakhulu, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili, njengendlulamithi nenhlanzi yegolide.

Amabhaktheriya

Kalula nje, amabhaktheriya ayizinto eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezakhiwe ngeseli elilodwa. Angaphila odwa, ahlukane futhi azalane ngaphandle kosizo lwesinye isidalwa. Anomlando obuyela emuva eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.5. Angasinda ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezinzima, njengokushisa okukhulu, ukubanda okukhulu, kanye nemfucuza enemisebe.

Kodwa akuwona wonke amabhaktheriya amabi njengoba sicabanga. Amabhaktheriya amaningi awayona ingozi. Amanye amabhaktheriya asiza ekugayeni ukudla, abhubhise amanye amagciwane abangela izifo, alwe namaseli omdlavuza, futhi asinike ngisho nezakhamzimba. Eqinisweni, angaphansi kuka-1% amabhaktheriya abangela izifo kubantu .

Amagciwane

Ama-virus mancane kakhulu kunamabhaktheriya. Ane-protein coat kanye nezinto zofuzo (i-RNA noma i-DNA) ngaphakathi. Ngokungafani namabhaktheriya, igciwane alikwazi ukuhlala lodwa.Zidinga ngempela elinye iseli eliphilayo (umnikazi) ukuze ziphile futhi zizalane.

Lokho okwenziwa yigciwane ukuthi lingena esitokisini esinempilo emzimbeni wethu, lilawule lelo seli, bese lisebenzisa lelo seli ukwenza izinkulungwane zamanye amagciwane afana nalo. Ekugcineni, lelo seli liyaqhuma futhi life, kodwa amagciwane asanda kwakheka ayakhululwa futhi ahlasele amanye amangqamuzana.

Ngokungafani namagciwane, amagciwane amaningi abangela izifo futhi aqondile kakhulu ngohlobo lwamaseli awahlaselayo. Isibonelo, amanye amagciwane ahlasela amangqamuzana esibindi, kanti amanye ahlasela amangqamuzana ohlelweni lokuphefumula.

Ungakwazi yini ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalokhu okubili ngokusekelwe ezimpawini?

Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngamagciwane kanye namagciwane zingafana kakhulu.

Ukukhwehlela
Ukuthimula
Imfiva
Ukuhlanza
Uhudo
Ukukhathala
Ubuhlungu bomzimba nokuxhuga

Lezi zimpawu empeleni ziyindlela yesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela yokuzama ukuqeda igciwane elingene emzimbeni. Nakuba izimpawu zifana, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokutheleleka zihlukile ngezindlela eziningi, njengokuthi zisabela kanjani emithini. Ngakho-ke kunzima ukuqiniseka ukuthi ngabe yibhaktheriya noma igciwane ngokubheka nje izimpawu.

Ukutheleleka okuvamile kwamagciwane kanye namagciwane

Ake sibheke izifo ezivamile esibhekana nazo empilweni yethu.

Ukutheleleka okuvamile kwamagciwane

Ukutheleleka okujwayelekile kwegciwane

Ukutheleleka komphimbo (umphimbo obuhlungu)

Isifo seLyme (esithwalwa yizikhakhayi)

Ubuthi bokudla (i-Salmonella)

Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo (i-E. coli)

Amathumba esikhumba kanye nezifo (i-Impetigo, i-cellulitis)

Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (i-Chlamydia, i-Gonorrhea)

I-pneumonia yebhaktheriya

Kwesimiso sokuphefumula:

Umkhuhlane ovamile

Umkhuhlane (Umkhuhlane)

I-Covid-19 (i-COVID-19)

Ukutheleleka kwe -RSV

Ngohlelo lokugaya ukudla:

Igciwane le-Rota(I-Rotavirus)

I-Norovirus

I-Hepatitis, ethinta isibindi

Kuhlelo lwezinzwa:

Uvendle

Amarabi

Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu ngqo?

Uma usola ukuthi unesifo esibangelwa amagciwane noma igciwane, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho. Into encane njengomkhuhlane ovamile ayiyona into okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo.

Ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izifo, njenge-pneumonia, i-meningitis, kanye nesifo sohudo, zingabangelwa amagciwane namagciwane, ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukusho ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela lokhu. Kodwa udokotela wakho angathola umbono ngokuthatha umlando wakho wezokwelapha nokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba.

Uma kudingeka, ungase ucelwe ukuthi uhlole igazi, uhlole umchamo, noma uhlole isiko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi unesifo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ukutheleleka kubangelwa amagciwane noma igciwane.

Iphathwa kanjani? Ingabe kukhona umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili?

Yebo, ukwelashwa kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokutheleleka kuhluke ngokuphelele.

Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

Ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwezokwelapha.

Kodwa nansi into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele sonke siyikhumbule: Ama-antibiotic awasebenzi kuma-virus!

Ngeshwa, ngenxa yokuthi sisebenzisa ama-antibiotic uma engadingeki futhi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela, amanye amabhaktheriya manje asemelana naleyo mithi (ukumelana nama-antibiotic). Lokhu sekuyinkinga enkulu yezempilo emhlabeni namuhla.

Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

Ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kuyinselele kancane ngoba amagciwane ahlala ngaphakathi kwamaseli ethu.

Imithi Yokugoma: Ukugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela izifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane. Imithi yokugoma isiza ekusivikeleni ezifweni ezifana nesimungumungwane, i-polio, i-mumps, i-hepatitis B, kanye ne-HPV.
Imithi yokulwa namagciwane: Kunemithi yokulwa namagciwane yezifo ezithile ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-herpes, i-HIV/AIDS, kanye ne-influenza. Kodwa-ke, le mithi kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela.

Ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotics ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane akusizi. Kubulala kuphela amabhaktheriya amahle emizimbeni yethu futhi kudale amabhaktheriya amelana nama-antibiotic. Ngakho-ke,Kuwukuhlakanipha ukungasebenzisi ama-antibiotic ngaphandle kokuthi kukhona ubufakazi obucacile bokutheleleka ngamagciwane.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngamagciwane kanye namagciwane zingafana, ngakho-ke ungahluleli ukuthi yisiphi isifo onaso ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zodwa.

Amabhaktheriya amaseli angaphila wodwa. Igciwane liyi-microorganism edinga elinye iseli eliphilayo ukuze liphile futhi lisabalale.

Ama-antibiotic asebenza kuphela ekulweni nokutheleleka ngamagciwane. Awanawo umthelela kumagciwane.

Ungalokothi uthathe ama-antibiotic ngokwakho ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Uma udokotela wakho ekunike imithi, qiniseka ukuthi uyayithatha isikhathi sonke esibekiwe.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ezifweni eziningi ezinkulu ezibangelwa amagciwane ukugonywa.

Uma unokungabaza ngesifo onaso, uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, noma uma ungathuthuki phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa, sicela ubone udokotela wakho.

Amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, izifo, ama-antibiotic, izimpawu, ukwelashwa, umkhuhlane

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Izifo Ezithelelanayo Nezifo EzithelelanayoJulayi 16, 2026
Unegciwane noma unegciwane? Ake sithole ukuthi yini ngempela onayo (Ukutheleleka Kwamagciwane Namagciwane)
Dr. Priya SammaniMedical Verification
⏱ 5 min read
📋Table of Contents
1. Izimpawu ezivamile zokutheleleka ngamagciwane kanye namagciwane
2. Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamagciwane namagciwane?
3. Amabhaktheriya
4. Amagciwane
5. Ungakwazi yini ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalokhu okubili ngokusekelwe ezimpawini?
6. Ukutheleleka okuvamile kwamagciwane kanye namagciwane
7. Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu ngqo?
8. Iphathwa kanjani? Ingabe kukhona umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili?
9. Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane
10. Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane
11. Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
Sivame ukuba nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela. Ngezinye izikhathi siphinde sibe nobuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo, njll. Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, sivame ukucabanga, "Oh... leli yigciwane." Kodwa akudingeki kube yigciwane njalo. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Ngakho-ke uyini umehluko phakathi kwalawa amabili, amagciwane namagciwane? Siwabona kanjani? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngqo, kalula, namuhla.
Izimpawu ezivamile zokutheleleka ngamagciwane kanye namagciwane
Zombili izinhlobo zokutheleleka zinezinto eziningana ezifanayo. Zombili zibangelwa amagciwane esingenakuwabona ngamehlo ethu. Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kubangelwa amagciwane, kanti ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kubangelwa amagciwane. Zombili izinhlobo zingasakazeka ngendlela efanayo.
Uma ukhwehlela futhi uthimula.
Uma usondelene nomuntu onegciwane (ikakhulukazi ngokuqabulana nokuxhumana ngokocansi).
Kusukela ezindaweni ezingcolisiwe, ukudla, namanzi.
Kusukela ezifuyweni, ezilwaneni zasemapulazini, kanye nezinambuzane ezifana nezimpukane namakhizane.
Lawa ma-microorganism angabangela nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokutheleleka:
Ukutheleleka okunamandla: Lokhu kuyaphola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, isonto noma amabili.
Izifo ezingamahlalakhona: Lokhu kungahlala amasonto, izinyanga, noma ngisho nokuphila konke.
Ukutheleleka okucashile: Lokhu kungase kungabonakali izimpawu ekuqaleni, kodwa kungase kuphinde kuvele ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni kamuva.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, kokubili ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kanye namagciwane kungabangela ukugula okuncane, okuphakathi nendawo kanye nokugula okunzima.
Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamagciwane namagciwane?
Nakuba kokubili amabhaktheriya namagciwane kuncane kakhulu ukuba kubonakale ngaphandle kwesibonakhulu, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili, njengendlulamithi nenhlanzi yegolide.
Amabhaktheriya
Kalula nje, amabhaktheriya ayizinto eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezakhiwe ngeseli elilodwa. Angaphila odwa, ahlukane futhi azalane ngaphandle kosizo lwesinye isidalwa. Anomlando obuyela emuva eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.5. Angasinda ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezinzima, njengokushisa okukhulu, ukubanda okukhulu, kanye nemfucuza enemisebe.
Kodwa akuwona wonke amabhaktheriya amabi njengoba sicabanga. Amabhaktheriya amaningi awayona ingozi. Amanye amabhaktheriya asiza ekugayeni ukudla, abhubhise amanye amagciwane abangela izifo, alwe namaseli omdlavuza, futhi asinike ngisho nezakhamzimba. Eqinisweni, angaphansi kuka-1% amabhaktheriya abangela izifo kubantu .
Amagciwane
Ama-virus mancane kakhulu kunamabhaktheriya. Ane-protein coat kanye nezinto zofuzo (i-RNA noma i-DNA) ngaphakathi. Ngokungafani namabhaktheriya, igciwane alikwazi ukuhlala lodwa.Zidinga ngempela elinye iseli eliphilayo (umnikazi) ukuze ziphile futhi zizalane.
Lokho okwenziwa yigciwane ukuthi lingena esitokisini esinempilo emzimbeni wethu, lilawule lelo seli, bese lisebenzisa lelo seli ukwenza izinkulungwane zamanye amagciwane afana nalo. Ekugcineni, lelo seli liyaqhuma futhi life, kodwa amagciwane asanda kwakheka ayakhululwa futhi ahlasele amanye amangqamuzana.
Ngokungafani namagciwane, amagciwane amaningi abangela izifo futhi aqondile kakhulu ngohlobo lwamaseli awahlaselayo. Isibonelo, amanye amagciwane ahlasela amangqamuzana esibindi, kanti amanye ahlasela amangqamuzana ohlelweni lokuphefumula.
Ungakwazi yini ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalokhu okubili ngokusekelwe ezimpawini?
Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngamagciwane kanye namagciwane zingafana kakhulu.
Ukukhwehlela
Ukuthimula
Imfiva
Ukuhlanza
Uhudo
Ukukhathala
Ubuhlungu bomzimba nokuxhuga
Lezi zimpawu empeleni ziyindlela yesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela yokuzama ukuqeda igciwane elingene emzimbeni. Nakuba izimpawu zifana, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokutheleleka zihlukile ngezindlela eziningi, njengokuthi zisabela kanjani emithini. Ngakho-ke kunzima ukuqiniseka ukuthi ngabe yibhaktheriya noma igciwane ngokubheka nje izimpawu.
Ukutheleleka okuvamile kwamagciwane kanye namagciwane
Ake sibheke izifo ezivamile esibhekana nazo empilweni yethu.
Ukutheleleka okuvamile kwamagciwane Ukutheleleka okujwayelekile kwegciwane
Ukutheleleka komphimbo (umphimbo obuhlungu)
Isifo seLyme (esithwalwa yizikhakhayi)
Ubuthi bokudla (i-Salmonella)
Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo (i-E. coli)
Amathumba esikhumba kanye nezifo (i-Impetigo, i-cellulitis)
Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (i-Chlamydia, i-Gonorrhea)
I-pneumonia yebhaktheriya
Kwesimiso sokuphefumula:
Umkhuhlane ovamile
Umkhuhlane (Umkhuhlane)
I-Covid-19 (i-COVID-19)
Ukutheleleka kwe -RSV
Ngohlelo lokugaya ukudla:
Igciwane le-Rota(I-Rotavirus)
I-Norovirus
I-Hepatitis, ethinta isibindi
Kuhlelo lwezinzwa:
Uvendle
Amarabi
Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu ngqo?
Uma usola ukuthi unesifo esibangelwa amagciwane noma igciwane, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho. Into encane njengomkhuhlane ovamile ayiyona into okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo.
Ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izifo, njenge-pneumonia, i-meningitis, kanye nesifo sohudo, zingabangelwa amagciwane namagciwane, ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukusho ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela lokhu. Kodwa udokotela wakho angathola umbono ngokuthatha umlando wakho wezokwelapha nokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba.
Uma kudingeka, ungase ucelwe ukuthi uhlole igazi, uhlole umchamo, noma uhlole isiko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi unesifo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ukutheleleka kubangelwa amagciwane noma igciwane.
Iphathwa kanjani? Ingabe kukhona umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili?
Yebo, ukwelashwa kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokutheleleka kuhluke ngokuphelele.
Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane
Ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwezokwelapha.
Kodwa nansi into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele sonke siyikhumbule: Ama-antibiotic awasebenzi kuma-virus!
Ngeshwa, ngenxa yokuthi sisebenzisa ama-antibiotic uma engadingeki futhi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela, amanye amabhaktheriya manje asemelana naleyo mithi (ukumelana nama-antibiotic). Lokhu sekuyinkinga enkulu yezempilo emhlabeni namuhla.
Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane
Ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kuyinselele kancane ngoba amagciwane ahlala ngaphakathi kwamaseli ethu.
Imithi Yokugoma: Ukugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela izifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane. Imithi yokugoma isiza ekusivikeleni ezifweni ezifana nesimungumungwane, i-polio, i-mumps, i-hepatitis B, kanye ne-HPV.
Imithi yokulwa namagciwane: Kunemithi yokulwa namagciwane yezifo ezithile ezibangelwa amagciwane njenge-herpes, i-HIV/AIDS, kanye ne-influenza. Kodwa-ke, le mithi kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela.
Ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotics ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane akusizi. Kubulala kuphela amabhaktheriya amahle emizimbeni yethu futhi kudale amabhaktheriya amelana nama-antibiotic. Ngakho-ke,Kuwukuhlakanipha ukungasebenzisi ama-antibiotic ngaphandle kokuthi kukhona ubufakazi obucacile bokutheleleka ngamagciwane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngamagciwane kanye namagciwane zingafana, ngakho-ke ungahluleli ukuthi yisiphi isifo onaso ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zodwa.
Amabhaktheriya amaseli angaphila wodwa. Igciwane liyi-microorganism edinga elinye iseli eliphilayo ukuze liphile futhi lisabalale.
Ama-antibiotic asebenza kuphela ekulweni nokutheleleka ngamagciwane. Awanawo umthelela kumagciwane.
Ungalokothi uthathe ama-antibiotic ngokwakho ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Uma udokotela wakho ekunike imithi, qiniseka ukuthi uyayithatha isikhathi sonke esibekiwe.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ezifweni eziningi ezinkulu ezibangelwa amagciwane ukugonywa.
Uma unokungabaza ngesifo onaso, uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, noma uma ungathuthuki phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa, sicela ubone udokotela wakho.
Amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, izifo, ama-antibiotic, izimpawu, ukwelashwa, umkhuhlane
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.
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