Uma usika umunwe wakho, ukuphuma kwegazi kuyaphela ngemva kwesikhashana, akunjalo? Noma uma ukhubeka idolo lakho ngenkathi udlala, kwakheka ihlule legazi phezu kwesilonda bese lisivala. Wake wazibuza ukuthi ubani owenza le nto emangalisayo? Empeleni lokhu kuyingxenye yesistimu yokuzivikela emangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Kuyimbangela yamanye amaseli amancane kakhulu, kodwa abaluleke kakhulu egazini lethu. Ngokwezokwelapha siwabiza ngokuthi ama-platelet, noma ama-platelet . Abanye abantu bawabiza nangokuthi `(Thrombocytes)`. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngala maqhawe amancane.
Kalula nje, ayini ama-platelet?
Cabanga ngakho njenge-Band-Aid encane eyakheka ngokwemvelo emzimbeni wakho. Yilokho ama-platelet ayikho. Empeleni awawona amangqamuzana aphelele, ayizingcezu ezincane eziqhekeka kumaseli amakhulu abizwa ngokuthi ama-megakaryocytes emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo. Mancane kakhulu futhi awanambala. Kodwa enza umsebenzi omningi.
Uma uthatha ithonsi legazi lakho, kunezinkulungwane ezingamashumi zala ma-platelet kulo. Ukuze sigcine imizimba yethu iphilile, inani lala ma-platelet kudingeka libe selinganisweni eliphelele.
- Inani eliphansi lama-platelet (i-Thrombocytopenia): Uma usika, ukuphuma kwegazi kungase kungapheli futhi ungase wophe kakhulu. Lokhu kungaba yingozi.
- Uma ama-platelet enyuka (i-Thrombocytosis): Lokhu kungabangela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi ngokungadingekile, okungase kuhlale emithanjeni yegazi. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezibucayi njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuphela uma kunenani elifanele lama-platelet lapho ukopha kungayeka khona uma kulimala, futhi kuvimbele ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi angadingekile.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wama-platelet ukuvimba ukopha.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko nobaluleke kakhulu wama-platelet ukuvimba ukuphuma kwegazi lapho kunomonakalo komunye wemithambo yethu yegazi, okungukuthi, isilonda. Sibiza le nqubo ngokuthi "i-Hemostasis". Lokhu kuyinto eyenzeka ngendlela exakile, ngezinyathelo eziningana. Cabanga ngepayipi lamanzi elinembobo. Lawa ma-platelet enza umsebenzi ofana noplasta esiwubeka ukuze siwuvale.
Nakhu ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani:
1. Ukunamathela: Lapho nje umthambo wegazi unqunywa, ama-platelet, ahamba emzimbeni wonke negazi, agijimela endaweni lapho umonakalo ukhona bese enamathela odongeni oluphukile. Kufana nokubona imbobo bese uyayibamba.
2. Ukuqalisa: Lawo ma-platelet anamathele "asebenza." Okusho ukuthi, ashintsha isimo. Ashintsha kusuka esimweni esifana nepuleti abe ngesimo esifana nesicabucabu esinezintambo eziphumayo. Le milenze ingabamba izindonga zenxeba kanye namanye ama-platelet kangcono. Futhi, la ma-platelet asebenzayo akhipha amakhemikhali. Lawa makhemikhali athumela isignali kwamanye ama-platelet, ethi, "Kunenkinga lapha, woza ngokushesha!"
3. Ukuhlanganiswa:Uma leso siginali sesitholiwe, izinkulungwane zama-platelet zifika endaweni bese zakha i-clump. Le clump ivala inxeba okwesikhashana. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "i-Platelet Plug."
Lokhu kufana nokugcwalisa amasaka enhlabathi ngenhlabathi lapho idamu liqhuma emfuleni. Kuyisixazululo sesikhashana.
Bese kuthi, njengoba la ma-platelet ehlangana ndawonye, kuqala enye inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Coagulation Cascade." Kulokhu, amanye amaprotheni egazini (izici zokugoba) ayahlangana ukuze akhe i-mesh eqinile ebizwa ngokuthi i-fibrin . Le fibrin mesh iqinisa kakhulu ama-platelet, yakhe i-blood clot eqinile neqinile. Yilapho ukuphuma kwegazi kuyeka khona ngokuphelele.
Zikuphi lezi zinhlayiya emzimbeni wethu?
Ama-platelet angatholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezintathu emzimbeni wethu.
- Umnkantsha Wamathambo: Lena "ifektri" yama-platelet. Amaseli ethu egazi enziwa emnkantsha wamathambo, ongaphakathi kwamathambo ethu. Ama-platelet ahlukaniswa abe yizicucu ezincane ngamaseli amakhulu abizwa ngokuthi "ama-Megakaryocytes" lapha bese ekhishwa egazini.
- Igazi: Uma selingene egazini, lawa ma-platelet ahamba emzimbeni wonke ngemithambo yegazi. Ngenxa yokuthi alula, ahlala eduze kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi. Ngakho-ke uma kukhona ukulimala, angafika ngokushesha endaweni.
- Ubende: Lesi "yindawo yokugcina" kanye "nesikhungo sokuvuselela kabusha" sama-platelet. Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yama-platelet akhiqizwa emzimbeni wethu agcinwa futhi agcinwe ebende. Iphinde isuse futhi ivuselele ama-platelet amadala nawonakele.
Mangaki ama-platelet okufanele abe nawo umuntu ophilile egazini lakhe?
Umuntu omdala onempilo unama-platelet aphakathi kuka- 150,000 no-450,000 nge-microliter (ithonsi elincane kakhulu legazi). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi leli nani libe ngaphakathi kwale mingcele.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-platelet sifushane kakhulu. I-platelet iyabhujiswa ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10. Ngakho-ke, umnkantsha wethu kufanele ungeze njalo ama-platelet amasha egazini. Lena inqubo eqhubekayo.
Yiziphi izifo eziyinhloko ezihlotshaniswa nama-platelet?
Izifo eziningi ezihlobene nama-platelet zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: inani eliphansi lama-platelet noma inani eliphezulu lama-platelet.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Incazelo elula nomphumela |
|---|---|
| I-Thrombocytopenia | Lokhu ukwehla kwenani lama-platelet . Lesi simo singase senzeke uma unesifo esifana ne-dengue. Lesi simo senzeka lapho umzimba ukhiqiza ama-platelet ambalwa noma lapho ama-platelet akhiqizwayo ebhujiswa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ingozi enkulu lapha ukopha ngokweqile, ngisho noma kungokulimala okuncane. |
| I-Thrombocytosis | Lokhu ukwanda kwama-platelet . Lesi simo senzeka lapho kukhiqizwa ama-platelet amaningi kakhulu ngenxa yenkinga emnkantsheni wethambo. Ingozi enkulu lapha ukwakheka kwama-blood clots angadingekile emzimbeni. Uma la ma-blood clots evimba imithambo yegazi eholela enhliziyweni, ebuchosheni, noma emaphashini, kungaba yingozi empilweni. |
Yiziphi izimpawu zokuthi kunenkinga ngama-platelet?
Uma unokungalingani kwenani lama-platelet emzimbeni wakho, ungase ube nezimpawu ezilandelayo. Uma uqhubeka nokuba nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha .
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuphuka ngaphandle kwesizathu | Uma uba nemivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokushaya lutho, ngezinye izikhathi amachashazi amancane abomvu (i-petechiae) angavela ngaphansi kwesikhumba. |
| Ukopha njalo ekhaleni nasezinsinini | Uma izinsini zakho zivame ukopha uma uxubha amazinyo akho, noma uma uvame ukopha ekhaleni. |
| Igazi elisendle noma emchameni | Indle emnyama noma enegazi, umchamo obomvu noma opinki. |
| Ukopha okukhulu kokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane | Ukopha ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile noma okunzima kunokujwayelekile. |
| Ukopha ngokweqile ngenxa yokulimala okuncane | Ngisho noma isilonda esincane kakhulu sithatha isikhathi eside ukuyeka ukopha. |
| Ukuba ndikindiki, ukuvuvukala emilenzeni | Uphawu olungavela lapho ama-platelet ekhula. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho amahlule egazi evimba ukuhamba kwegazi. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, isiyezi, ubuthakathaka | Lezi futhi yizimpawu ezinkulu ezingase zivele ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwegazi okwakheka emithanjeni ehambisa igazi ebuchosheni ngenxa yokwanda kwama-platelet. |
Uhlola kanjani impilo yama-platelet?
Uma udokotela wakho enokungabaza ngama-platelet akho, angenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze akuqinisekise.
- Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (CBC): ESri Lanka, sivame ukukubiza ngokuthi ukubalwa kwegazi okugcwele (FBC). Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yegazi lakho bese ulinganisa inani eliqondile lamangqamuzana abomvu, amangqamuzana amhlophe, nama-platelet akulo.
- Ukuskena Kwegazi Okungajwayelekile (i-PBS): Lokhu kuhilela ukuskena inani elincane legazi kuslayidi yengilazi bese ulibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kuvumela ama-platelet ukuthi abonakale ngesimo nobukhulu obungavamile.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokugoba Kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa okubheka ukuthi igazi lakho ligoba ngokushesha kangakanani. Lokhu kungakunikeza umbono womsebenzi wama-platelet akho.
- Ukuhlolwa Komnkantsha Wamathambo: Kwezinye izimo, kuthathwa isampula encane yomnkantsha wamathambo ethanjeni lesinqe ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ukuze kuhlolwe izinkinga ngomnkantsha wamathambo, lapho kukhiqizwa khona ama-platelet.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izimo ezinjalo?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni inani lama-platelet akho liphansi noma liphezulu, nokuthi imbangela iyini.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Kuhle ukuqaphela izindlela zokwelapha ezilandelayo, kodwa ungalokothi uqale noma uyeke noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
- Imithi: Uma unama-platelet aphezulu, unganikwa imithi enciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwawo. Uma inani lama-platelet eliphansi libangelwa inkinga yesistimu yomzimba, unganikezwa eminye imithi yokwelapha.
- I-aspirin: Ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi kubantu abanezibalo eziphezulu zama-platelet, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthi uthathe i-aspirin ephansi nsuku zonke.
- Ukufakwa Kwezinhlayiya: Uma inani lama-platelet liphansi kakhulu futhi kunengozi enkulu yokopha, ama-platelet athathwe kumuntu ophilile anikezwa umzimba ngegazi.
- Ukususwa kwe-spleen: Kwezinye izimo, i-spleen ibamba futhi ibhubhise ama-platelet amaningi kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingaphumeleli, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe i-spleen.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine ama-platelet ephilile?
Uma usuvele unesifo esihlobene nama-platelet, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinto ngokuvamile zisiza ukugcina ama-platelet ethu ephilile.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala. Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kungathinta ukusebenza komnkantsha wamathambo futhi kunciphise ukukhiqizwa kwama-platelet.
- Gwema ukubhema. Ukubhema kungalimaza imithambo yegazi futhi kwandise ukuthambekela kwama-platelet okunamathelana.
- Gwema amakhemikhali anobuthi. Ukuchayeka kwamanye amakhemikhali, njengezibulala-zinambuzane, kungalimaza umongo wethambo.
- Zivikele ekulimaleni. Uma inani lama-platelet akho liphansi, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ukuze uzivikele ekuweni nasekulinyazweni.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-platelet amangqamuzana amancane egazini lethu ayeka ukuphuma kwegazi uma silimala.
- Kokubili ukwehla kwenani lama-platelet (thrombocytopenia) kanye nokwanda kwenani lama-platelet (thrombocytosis) kuyizinkinga.
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezifana nokulunywa okungachazeki, ukuphuma kwegazi njalo ekhaleni, noma ukopha kwezinsini. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zenkinga yama-platelet.
- Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, ungacabangi nje, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
- Ungalokothi usebenzise noma yimuphi umuthi ozizwa sengathi uyakuthanda ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
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