Sonke siphefumula njalo, akunjalo? Kodwa ingabe sike sicabange ngokuthi amaphaphu ethu asebenza kahle futhi ngokuphephile kangakanani esifubeni sethu? Njalo lapho siphefumula, amaphaphu ethu ayafutha futhi aphume njengebhaluni. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, la maphaphu anesembozo esikhethekile sokuvikela esiwasiza ukuba ahambe kahle futhi kalula ngaphandle kokugudla izindonga zangaphakathi zesifuba. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'i-pleura' kwezokwelapha. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini le pleura, ukuthi yenzani, nokuthi yiziphi izinkinga zempilo engazibangela.
Kalula nje, iyini i-pleura?
Cabanga ugoqa isikhwama se-polythene phakathi. Manje, okwenzekayo lapha kufana nokufaka elinye ibhola ngaphakathi kwaso. I-pleura nayo iyi-membrane encane kakhulu, efana noketshezi . Inezendlalelo ezimbili.
1. Ingqimba yangaphakathi (i-Visceral Pleura): Lena yingxenye ezungeze ngqo amaphaphu ethu, imithambo yegazi eya kuwo, kanye nemizwa. Kufana negilavu ebambelele esandleni sakho. Okubaluleke kakhulu, le ngqimba ayinayo imizwa ezwa ubuhlungu .
2. Ungqimba lwangaphandle (i-Parietal Pleura): Lena yingxenye enamathele odongeni lwangaphakathi lwesifuba, okungukuthi, izimbambo nemisipha ehambisana nazo. Kodwa inezinzwa eziningi ezizwa ubuhlungu . Yingakho uma kunenkinga nge-pleura, sizwa ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba, ngoba lolu ngqimba lwangaphandle luyavuvukala.
Kukhona isikhala esincane esingenalutho phakathi kwalezi zingqimba ezimbili. Siyibiza ngokuthi isikhala se-pleural . Ngaphakathi kwalesi sikhala kukhona ungqimba oluncane kakhulu loketshezi (i-pleural fluid) olusebenza njenge-lubricant. Kungenxa yalolu ketshezi ukuthi lapho siphefumula futhi sifaka umoya emaphashini, lezi zingqimba ezimbili zishelela kahle ngaphandle kokushayana. Lokhu kufana nokufaka amanzi amancane phakathi kwezingilazi ezimbili bese zishelela kalula.
Kalula nje, umsebenzi oyinhloko we-pleura ukusiza amaphaphu akhule futhi anciphe ngokukhululeka ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa noma ukungqubuzana lapho siphefumula.
Yiziphi izimo ezivamile ezithinta i-pleura?
Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo lwesikhumba oluthambile lungathinteka yizimo ezahlukahlukene, ezingabangela ubunzima bokuphefumula nobuhlungu obukhulu. Ake sibheke ezinye zezimo ezivame kakhulu.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Pleurisy | Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-pleura ivuvukala. Lokho kusho ukuthi iyavuvukala. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma ngamagciwane. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ulwelwesi olubushelelezi nolushelelayo lwe-pleura luyeka ukusebenza, futhi izendlalelo ezimbili ziqala ukukhuhlana. Lokhu kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, obuhlabayo uma uphefumula noma ukhwehlela. |
| Ukuphuma kwe-Pleural | Uketshezi olusesikhaleni se-pleural esikhulume ngalo luwuketshezi oluningi ngokweqile. Lolu ketshezi, oluvame ukuba yizipuni ezimbalwa, lunganqwabelana lube ngamalitha amaningana. Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu. Lubonakala ezimweni ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, i-pneumonia, kanye nomdlavuza. Lapho uketshezi lunqwabelana, lubeka ingcindezi emaphashini futhi lwenze kube nzima ukuphefumula. |
| I-Hemothorax | Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isikhala se-pleural sigcwala igazi. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala noma ingozi esifubeni (isb., ingozi yemoto, inxeba lokugwazwa). Igazi liyanqwabelana futhi libeke ingcindezi emaphashini, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. |
| I-Pneumothorax | Lokhu kungukungena komoya esikhaleni se-pleural. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yembobo emaphashini noma odongeni lwesifuba. Kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yengozi, noma ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kwesizathu nhlobo (ikakhulukazi kubantu abasebasha, abade, nabancane ababhemayo). Lapho umoya uqoqana, amaphaphu ayawa. |
| I-Pleural Mesothelioma | Lesi yisimo esibucayi ngandlela thile. Yisimo somdlavuza esenzeka ku-pleura. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumakhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi i-asbestos. |
Ziyini izimpawu zokulimala kwe-pleural?
Cabanga ukuthi ushaywe esifubeni yibhola elihamba ngokushesha ngenkathi udlala ikhilikithi, noma uwe ebhayisikilini. Lokhu kungalimaza i-pleura. Kunezimpawu eziningana eziyinhloko ozozizwa:
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba:Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko. Lobuhlungu bubuhlungu kakhulu uma uphefumula kakhulu, ukhwehlela, noma uthimula . Abantu abaningi bakuchaza njengokuzizwa sengathi othile ubagwaza esifubeni ngommese.
- Ukuphelelwa umoya: Ubunzima bokuphefumula, umuzwa wokuminyana, kwenzeka lapho amaphaphu engakwazi ukufutha kahle.
- Ukuphefumula ngokushesha nangokufushane: Njengoba ungakwazi ukuphefumula ngokujulile ngenxa yobuhlungu, izinga lokuphefumula kwakho liyakhuphuka futhi uvame ukuphefumula isikhashana.
- Ukukhwehlela: Abanye abantu bangase babe nokukhwehlela okomile.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma unezinhlungu zesifuba ezinzima futhi uphefumula kanzima kanje ngemva kokulimala esifubeni, ungakushayi indiva . Kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi.
Kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha nini?
Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezingezansi, kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha .
- Ubuhlungu besifuba obubukhali obungazelelwe, obungabekezeleleki.
- Kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumula.
- Izindebe noma isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba awutholi umoya-mpilo owanele).
- Ukujuluka ngokweqile kanye nokuquleka.
Odokotela bazixilonga kanjani lezi zimo?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi alalele isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope. Uma kunenkinga nge-pleura, ngezinye izikhathi ungase uzwe ukuhlikihla kwe-pleural. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa isimo esiqondile.
- I-X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu kungahlola ukunqwabelana koketshezi noma umoya esikhaleni se-pleural, noma ukuwohloka kwamaphaphu.
- I-CT Scan kanye ne-Ultrasound Scan: Lokhu kunikeza izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane eminingi kune-X-ray. Kusiza ekutholeni indawo eqondile yenkinga.
- I-Thoracentesis: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa inalithi encane kakhulu ukususa isampula encane yoketshezi esikhaleni se-pleural bese uyithumela elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe. Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni izinto ezifana nokutheleleka kanye nokuba khona kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- I-Thoracoscopy: Lokhu kuhilela ukudlulisa ithubhu elincane elifakwe ikhamera esifubeni ukuze kubonwe i-pleura namaphaphu ngaphakathi. Le nqubo isetshenziselwa futhi ukuthatha isampula yezicubu (i-biopsy) uma kudingeka.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kuncike esimweni sakho kanye nobunzima baso.
- Izinhlobo zemithi:Uma kukhona ukutheleleka, kuzonikezwa ama-antibiotic noma eminye imithi yokwelapha. Ama-painkiller azonikezwa ukulawula ubuhlungu.
- Ukunikeza umoya-mpilo: Uma kunzima ukuphefumula, kunikezwa umoya-mpilo.
- Ukususa uketshezi noma umoya: Uma uketshezi oluningi noma umoya uqongelelene esikhaleni se-pleural, kufakwa inaliti noma ithubhu elincane (ithubhu lesifuba) ukuze lisuswe.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka, ikakhulukazi uma umoya ugcwala ngokuphindaphindiwe noma kunezinye izinkinga.
- Ukwelashwa komdlavuza: Uma lesi simo singumdlavuza, kunconywa ukwelashwa okuthile njengokwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine i-pleura yethu iphilile?
Nakuba singenakuzivikela kuzo zonke izifo, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi yethu.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Ukubhema kuyisitha esikhulu samaphaphu kanye ne-pleura. Ukubhema kuyisici esikhulu esiyingozi sezimo ezifana ne-pneumothorax.
- Zivikele ezingozini: Gqoka ibhande lesihlalo noma nini lapho usemotweni. Sebenzisa izingubo zokuzivikela ezidingekayo kanye nemishini lapho udlala imidlalo (ikakhulukazi i-rugby kanye nebhola).
- Gwema izifo: Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi njalo. Lokhu kungakusiza ekuvikeleni ezifweni eziningi zokuphefumula.
- Gwema i-asbestos: Ingatholakala ezakhiweni ezindala ezidilizwayo nakwamanye amafektri. Gwema ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinjalo.
I-pleura yakho ifana neqhawe elithule lohlelo lokuphefumula. Siqaphela kuphela ukubaluleka kwayo uma kunenkinga ngayo. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyinakekela nayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-pleura iyi-membrane evikelayo enezingqimba ezimbili ezungeze amaphaphu.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula lapho uphefumula noma ukhwehlela kungaba yizimpawu eziyinhloko zenkinga ye-pleural.
- I-pleura ingalimala ngenxa yokulimala esifubeni, izifo ezithathelwanayo, kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
- Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwengozi, ungazinaki futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha .
- Ukugwema ukubhema nokuzivikela ezingozini kusiza kakhulu ekugcineni i-pleura iphilile.
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