Inhliziyo yethu ifana nomshini wamanzi, akunjalo? Isebenza ngokungayeki, ipompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Kodwa wake wazibuza ukuthi, lapho inhliziyo ipompa igazi ngamandla amakhulu ngokuzumayo, ubani osiza ukuthwala lokho kucindezela nokugcina igazi ligeleza kahle? Yilapho amaqhawe endabeni yethu, okungukuthi uhlobo olukhethekile lwemithambo yegazi ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-Elastic Arteries', efika khona ukuzosisiza. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalezi zisebenzi ezithule emzimbeni wethu.
Kalula nje, iyini imithambo enwebekayo?
Ake uzicabange uphethe ipayipi lamanzi esandleni sakho. Elinye liyipayipi lepulasitiki eliqinile, kanti elinye liyipayipi lerabha eliguquguqukayo. Manje, kwenzekani uma uthumela inani elikhulu lamanzi kula mapayipi womabili ngesikhathi esisodwa? Ipayipi lepulasitiki eliqinile alikwazi ukumelana nokucindezela futhi lingaqhuma. Kodwa ipayipi lerabha eliguquguqukayo, lapho amanzi engena, liyakhukhumala kancane, bese libuyela kusayizi walo wokuqala bese lithumela amanzi phambili ngenani elifanayo.
Le mithambo ethambile isebenza njengamapayipi enjoloba. Lapho inhliziyo ishaya, le mithambo iyanda kancane ukuze ivumelane nomfutho wegazi ophakeme okhishwa ngokuzumayo. Bese kuthi, lapho inhliziyo iphumula isikhashana, le mithambo ethambile ibuyele endaweni yayo yokuqala bese isunduza igazi phambili. Yingakho, yize inhliziyo ipompa igazi, igazi ligeleza liye emzimbeni wethu wonke ngesivinini esifanayo esibushelelezi. Lokhu kungenxa yalokhu kuthamba kwale mithambo.
Yimiphi imithambo eyinhloko enwebekayo emzimbeni wethu?
Lena yimithambo emikhulu kakhulu emzimbeni wethu futhi eseduze nenhliziyo. Ifana nemigwaqo emikhulu. Le migwaqo emikhulu ihlukana ibe yimigwaqo emincane eseceleni. Ngokufanayo, igazi lisuka kule mithambo emikhulu liye emithanjeni emincane.
| Igama Lomthambo | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Aorta | Umthambo omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu. Yipayipi eliyinhloko eliqala ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo bese lisakaza igazi elinomoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke. |
| Imithambo Yemiphunga | Kusukela ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo, igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo liyiswa emaphashini. Kusuka emaphashini lapho leli gazi liphinde lifakwe umoya-mpilo khona. |
| Umthambo we-Brachiocephalic | Ihlumela kusuka ku-aorta bese inika igazi ekhanda, entanyeni, nasengalweni yesokudla. |
| Imithambo Ejwayelekile Ye-Carotid | Ikhuphukela entanyeni nhlangothi zombili bese ihambisa igazi ebuchosheni nasebusweni. |
| Imithambo ye-Subclavian | Itholakala ngaphansi kwethambo lentamo futhi ithwala igazi liye ezingalweni. |
| Imithambo Evamile Yama-Iliac | I-aorta ihlukana kabili esiswini bese ithwala igazi liye emilenzeni. |
Okubaluleke kakhulu, le mithambo ifana nemigwaqo emikhulu ethwala umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba emzimbeni wonke. Impilo yayo ithinta ngqo impilo yethu iyonke.
Le mithambo yegazi yakheka kanjani?
Njengeminye imithambo yegazi, lena inezingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko, njengokufaka upende odongeni.
| Isendlalelo | Umsebenzi |
|---|---|
| Ingqimba engaphandle kakhulu (i-Adventitia) | Lesi yisembozo sangaphandle esinikeza umthambo amandla nesimo. |
| Isendlalelo esiphakathi (i-Tunica Media) | Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Iqukethe kokubili imicu enwebekayo kanye nemicu yemisipha. Emithanjeni enwebekayo, kunemicu enwebekayo eminingi kunemisipha. |
| Ingqimba engaphakathi (i-Tunica Intima) | Lokhu kubushelelezi kakhulu, ngakho igazi lingageleza ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa noma ukuqhekeka. |
Umehluko phakathi kwemithambo ye-elastic neye-muscular
Kalula nje, imithambo ethambile yimithambo emikhulu eseduze nenhliziyo okumele imelane nomfutho ophezulu. Imithambo yemisipha yimithambo emincane ehlukana naleyo mithambo emikhulu futhi isabalalise igazi ezithweni ezahlukene zomzimba. Ayinawo umfutho omningi kangako. Ngakho-ke, inemisipha eminingi kunemicu ethambile esendlaleloni sayo esiphakathi. Imisipha iyafinyela futhi iphumule ukuze ilawule inani legazi eliya esithweni ngasinye.
Yiziphi izifo ezingathinta le mithambo yegazi?
Le mithambo emikhulu ingathinteka futhi yizimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene, ezinye zazo ezingaba zimbi kakhulu.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Aneurysm noma Ukuhlukaniswa | Ama-Aneurysms, noma ukudabuka odongeni (ukuqhekeka), kungaba yingozi empilweni. |
| Izinkinga zevalvu | Ivalvu ye-aorta noma ivalvu yamaphaphu, etholakala phakathi kwenhliziyo ne-aorta, ingase ingavaleki kahle (ivuza) noma ingase iqine. |
| I-atherosclerosis | I-cholesterol nezinye izinto ziyanqwabelana ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, okunciphisa ukudlula kwegazi. Lokhu kuyimbangela eyinhloko yezifo eziningi zenhliziyo. |
| Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme | Ukucindezeleka okuphezulu njalo ngaphakathi kwemithambo kungabangela ukuthi imithambo ilahlekelwe ukunwebeka kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okubangela ukuba iqine. |
| Amahlule egazi | Amahlule egazi angahlala ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi futhi avimbele ngokuphelele ukugeleza kwegazi. |
Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele?
Ngokuvamile, izinkinga ngale mithambo yegazi azibonisi izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Kodwa njengoba isimo siqhubeka, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:
- Ubuhlungu besifuba: Ubuhlungu bokucindezela, ukucindezelwa.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Ukuphefumula ngisho noma uhamba ibanga elifushane.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo: Umuzwa wenhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha, ngisho noma umile nje.
- Isiyezi noma ikhanda elikhanyayo: ikakhulukazi uma umile.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo, elibi kakhulu.
- Ubuhlungu ngemuva kwemilenze lapho uhamba: Buyaphela ngemva kokuphumula isikhashana, kodwa buyabuya lapho uhamba.
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele njalo.
Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungazinaki njengezivamile. Kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine le mithambo eyigugu iphilile?
Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi, izinto esizenzayo ukuze sigcine imithambo yethu iphilile zilungele umzimba wethu wonke. Lezi akuzona izinto ezinzima. Izinto ezincane zingenza umehluko omkhulu.
- Ukudla okunempilo: Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, usawoti, noshukela (ikakhulukazi ukudla okungenamsoco kanye nokudla okupakishwe emaphaketheni) . Kunalokho, faka izithelo, imifino, ubhontshisi, kanye nokolweni ophelele ekudleni kwakho.
- Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile: Thola okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yokuzivocavoca ngamandla aphakathi ngosuku. Ukuhamba ngokushesha, ukugijima, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili konke kuyizinketho ezinhle.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Ukubhema kungenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokonakalisa imithambo yakho. Kungaqinisa izindonga zemithambo yakho, kwandise ingozi yakho yokuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Lawula umfutho wegazi lakho kanye ne-cholesterol: Uma une-high blood pressure noma i-high cholesterol, thatha imithi yakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele. Kubalulekile futhi ukulawula ukudla kwakho.
- Lawula ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka ngokweqile nakho akukuhle emithanjeni yethu yegazi. Khulula ingqondo yakho ngokwenza izinto ezifana nokuzindla, i-yoga, kanye nokuzibandakanya nomdlalo omuhle wokuzilibazisa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuhleliwe:Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuze ahlole izinto ezifana nomfutho wegazi, ushukela kanye ne-cholesterol.
Uma ufaka le mikhuba elula empilweni yakho, hhayi inhliziyo yakho kuphela, kodwa futhi nale mithambo eyigugu enwebekayo izokusebenzela impilo isikhathi eside.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imithambo yegazi enwebekayo ifana nohlelo lwepayipi oluguquguqukayo kakhulu olungamelana nokucindezeleka okuphezulu okuvela enhliziyweni futhi luthuthe igazi kahle emzimbeni wonke.
- Imithambo ye-aorta kanye ne-pulmonary yiyona ebaluleke kakhulu kulezi.
- Indlela yokuphila enhle (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokugwema ukubhema) kubalulekile ekugcineni le mithambo iphilile.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma isicanucanu, ungazinaki futhi ubone udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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