Cabanga ngomzimba wakho njengomuzi omkhulu, omatasa. Khona-ke, yonke indlu, yonke isitolo, yonke ifektri kulowo muzi kumele ibe nohlelo oluhle lwemigwaqo yokuthwala izimpahla ezizidingayo, nokususa imfucuza eqongelela lapho, akunjalo? Yileyo ndlela imithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu ekhona ngayo. Lena yimigwaqo emikhulu ethwala umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba kuwo wonke amaseli emizimbeni yethu, futhi ithwala nemikhiqizo engadingeki. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngale mithambo yegazi emangalisayo.
Iyini ngempela imithambo yegazi?
Kalula nje, imithambo yegazi iyinethiwekhi yamapayipi amancane (iziteshi) athwala igazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Kufana nomjikelezo ovaliwe, oqala enhliziyweni yakho, uhamba emzimbeni wakho wonke, bese uphela enhliziyweni yakho futhi. Inhliziyo yakho kanye nalesi simiso semithambo yegazi ndawonye kwakha uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi .
Ungacabanga ukuthi ukube yonke imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho ibinganwetshwa ilandelana, ibingaba ngamakhilomitha angaba ngu-60,000 ubude, noma ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-96,500 ? Lokho kusho ukuthi unenethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho ende ngokwanele ukuhambahamba umhlaba izikhathi ezingaphezu kokuphindwe kabili! Akumangalisi lokho?
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zemithambo yegazi nemisebenzi yazo
Sinabadlali abathathu abaphambili kulesi simiso semithambo yegazi. Labo yimithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi kanye nama-capillary. Kodwa kukhona nabanye abasizi abancane kuleli qembu. Ake siqonde konke ngokucacile kuleli thebula.
| Uhlobo lomthambo wegazi | Yini into eyinhloko oyenzayo? |
|---|---|
| Imithambo yegazi | Lawa ngamapayipi amakhulu athwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke. Lawa yimithambo yegazi eqinile kakhulu, enezindonga zemisipha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kudingeka ikwazi ukumelana nokucindezeleka okukhulu okuza nokushaya kwenhliziyo. |
| Ama-Arterioles | Lokhu kufana namagatsha amancane ahluma emithanjeni emikhulu. Angaba mancane kakhulu (avuleke futhi anciphe). Lena yindlela asiza ngayo ukulawula umfutho wegazi emzimbeni wethu. |
| Ama-Capillaries | Lena yimithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu nencane kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Incane njengomucu wezinwele. Lena yizibhuloho ezincane ezixhumanisa imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi. Ngenxa yokuthi izindonga zazo zincane kakhulu, zingahambisa kalula umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezivela egazini ziye emangqamuzaneni, futhi zisuse i-carbon dioxide kanye nemikhiqizo engcolile evela emangqamuzaneni ibuye egazini. |
| AmaVenule | Lezi yiziteshi ezincane ezithwala igazi eliqoqe ukungcola okuvela kuma-capillary kuya emithanjeni emikhulu. |
| Imithambo yegazi | Lezi yizitsha ezithwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo, eligcwele udoti lisuka kuwo wonke umzimba libuyele enhliziyweni. Inhliziyo ibe isithumela leli gazi emaphashini ukuze liphinde lifakwe umoya-mpilo. |
Ikuphi le mithambo yegazi emzimbeni?
Imithambo yegazi yinto esakazeke yonke indawo emzimbeni wethu. Ifinyelele kuzo zonke izitho zomzimba kanye nazo zonke izicubu, kusukela ekhanda kuya ezinzwaneni zethu.
Kodwa sidinga ukwazi ngemithambo yegazi emibili ebaluleke kakhulu ikakhulukazi.
1. I-Aorta: Lona umthambo omkhulu nobaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Igazi elinomoya-mpilo elivela enhliziyweni liqala lingene kule aorta. Lifana nomgwaqo omkhulu. Ligijima esifubeni nasesiswini, bese lihlukana kabili eduze kwe-pelvis ukuze linikeze igazi emilenzeni.
2. I-Vena Cava: Lona umthambo omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu. Unezingxenye ezimbili. I-Vena Cava Ephakeme ithwala igazi elivela ekhanda, entanyeni, ezingalweni, nasesifubeni esingaphezulu liye enhliziyweni. I-Inferior Vena Cava ithwala igazi elivela emilenzeni, ezinyaweni, esiswini, nasesinqeni liye enhliziyweni.
Uma uyonikela ngegazi, noma uyohlolwa igazi, kukhona umthambo obukeka uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphakathi kwengalo yakho, okungumthambo. Nakuba igazi libomvu empeleni, libukeka liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela uma libonakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
Umthambo wegazi wakheka kanjani?
Umthambo wegazi uvame ukwakhiwa yizingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko. Cabanga ngawo njengepayipi lamanzi, ungaba nezingqimba eziningana, akunjalo?
- Ingqimba engaphakathi (i-Tunica Intima):Lolu ungqimba olungaphakathi kakhulu lwezicubu igazi eligeleza kulo. Lusiza ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi, luvimbele ukuqhekeka kwegazi, futhi luvimbele ubuthi ukuthi bungangeni egazini. Lokhu kuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze kahle.
- Ingqimba ephakathi (Media): Lokhu kuqukethe imicu enwebekayo. Lokhu kuvumela imithambo yegazi ukuthi ikhule futhi inciphe njengoba igazi ligeleza kuyo. Le ngqimba futhi isiza ukugcina igazi ligeleza ohlangothini olulodwa.
- Ingqimba engaphandle (i-Adventitia): Lesi yisici esingaphandle esinika amandla nesakhiwo emthanjeni wegazi. Siqukethe imizwa neminye imithambo yegazi emincane. Siphinde sinikeze izindonga zemithambo yegazi umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba.
Izifo nezimo ezivamile ezithinta imithambo yegazi
Uhlelo lwethu lokujikeleza kwegazi olubalulekile lungahlushwa yizifo nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene. Nazi ezinye zazo:
- I-Aneurysm: Lena indawo ebuthakathaka emthanjeni wegazi evuvukala njengebhaluni. Ingavela noma kuphi emzimbeni. Into eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi uma iqhuma, ingabangela ukopha okukhulu emzimbeni futhi ingaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila.
- I-atherosclerosis: Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. I-cholesterol, amafutha, nezinye izinto zakha ngaphakathi kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi (esikubiza ngokuthi 'i-plaque'), okunciphisa isikhala ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Kufana nokugqwala okwakha ngaphakathi kwepayipi lamanzi bese kulivala. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezimbi njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nohlangothi.
- Amahlule egazi: Ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Lawa mahlule angavimba ngokuphelele ukuhamba kwegazi. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni ezifana ne-deep vein thrombosis (DVT), i-pulmonary embolism, kanye nokukhubazeka.
- Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Umfutho wegazi ophuma ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi uhlala uphezulu. Kufana nokubulala buthule, njengoba kuvame ukubangela umonakalo emithanjeni yegazi ngaphandle kokubangela izimpawu.
- Imithambo ye-Varicose: Isimo lapho imithambo, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni, iphenduka khona, ivuvuke, futhi ibonakale esikhumbeni. Lesi simo senzeka lapho ama-valve emithambo eba buthakathaka futhi engakwazi ukuvimbela igazi ukuthi ligeleze emuva.
- I-Vasculitis: Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi, okubangela ukuthi izindonga zemithambo yegazi zivuvuke, ziqine, futhi zinciphe, okuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi.
Wazi kanjani ukuthi kunenkinga? - Izimpawu
Izimpawu zezinkinga zemithambo yegazi zingahluka kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, esimweni esifana ne-aneurysm, kungase kungabi khona zimpawu kuze kube yilapho kuba yinkinga enkulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo.
| Izimpawu okufanele ukhulume ngazo nodokotela wakho | |
|---|---|
| Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba | Ikakhulukazi ukuthatha umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Ukubanda noma ukungakhululeki ezithweni | Ukubanda okuqhubekayo noma ukuqaqamba emilenzeni, ezinyaweni, nasezandleni. |
| Ubunzima bokuzivocavoca | Ukuzwa ubuhlungu nokukhathala emilenzeni uma uhamba kancane noma ukhuphuka izitebhisi. |
| Ukukhathala ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo. |
| Ubuhlungu | Ubuhlungu esifubeni, esiswini, ezingalweni, noma emilenzeni. |
| Izimpawu ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo (iya ku-ETU!) | |
| Ukudideka okungazelelwe | Ubunzima bokukhuluma nokuqonda lokho abanye abakushoyo. |
| Ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba | Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo ngokuzumayo kolunye uhlangothi lobuso, ingalo, noma umlenze (kungaba uphawu lokukhubazeka). |
| Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo | Ukulahlekelwa noma ukufiphala kombono ngokuzumayo kwelinye noma kuwo womabili amehlo. |
| Izinkinga ngokuhamba noma ukulinganisela | Ukuzungeza okungazelelwe, ubunzima bokuhamba. |
| Ubuhlungu obukhulu | Ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obungabekezeleleki esifubeni, emhlane ongenhla, ezingalweni, noma emilenzeni. |
| Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula | Ukuphefumula okuphuthumayo noma okwandayo. |
| Ukuvuvukala kwezandla noma izinyawo (i-Edema) | Ukuvuvukala okungazelelwe, ukubomvu, kanye nobuhlungu engalweni noma emlenzeni (kungaba uphawu lokuqhekeka kwegazi). |
Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze silondoloze uhlelo lwemithambo yegazi olunempilo?
Ngenhlanhla, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sigcine imithambo yethu yegazi iphilile. Lezi izinto ezilula ongazengeza endleleni yakho yokuphila.- Ukudla okuhle: Yamukela ukudla okunosawoti omncane, i-cholesterol, namafutha agcwele, kanye nezithelo eziningi, imifino, ubhontshisi kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Thola okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 yokuzivocavoca ngesonto (imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto) njengokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukubhukuda.
- Ukuphathwa okufanele: Uma unesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma i-cholesterol, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Thatha imithi yakho ngesikhathi.
- Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema kuyingozi enkulu emithanjeni yakho yegazi. Ngakho-ke uma ubhema, yeka namuhla, noma ungaqali.
- Nciphisa utshwala: Uma uphuza utshwala, nciphisa kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imithambo yegazi yakho iyisimiso esibalulekile sezindlela ezithwala ukuphila kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wakho.
- Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zemithambo yegazi—imithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi, kanye nama-capillary—zinemisebenzi ehlukene kodwa ehlobene.
- Izimo ezifana ne-atherosclerosis, amahlule egazi, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu zingalimaza kakhulu imithambo yegazi yakho.
- Hlala uqaphele izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba obungazelelwe, ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, kanye nobunzima bokukhuluma. Uma kwenzeka into enjalo, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Izinguquko ezilula zendlela yokuphila, njengokudla okunempilo, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo , nokugwema ukubhema, kungasiza ekugcineni uhlelo lwakho lwemithambo yegazi luphilile isikhathi eside.
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