Cabanga nje, othile phambi kwakho ulahlekelwa ingqondo ngokuzumayo bese ewela phansi. Ugijima uzulazula ngokuxhamazela, uhlola intamo yakhe ukuthi ishaya yini, kodwa akukho ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Abaphefumuli ngisho nokuphefumula. Ucabanga ukuthi lokhu kuwukuboshwa kwenhliziyo. Kodwa ngokumangazayo, lapho bemyisa esibhedlela, odokotela bathatha i-ECG futhi kukhombisa ukusebenza kukagesi enhliziyweni. Kukhona ugesi, kodwa inhliziyo ayishayi. Lesi simo esingajwayelekile nesiyingozi yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi "Umsebenzi Kagesi Ongenawo Amaphaphu." Sisibiza ngokuthi i-PEA ngamafuphi. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngakho kalula.
Kalula nje, iyini i-PEA?
I-PEA uhlobo lokumiswa kwenhliziyo. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi, nakuba kukhona umsebenzi kagesi enhliziyweni, imisipha yenhliziyo ayifinyeleli futhi ayipompi igazi ngokwesignali kagesi. Kufana nebhalbhu yokukhanya engavuli ngoba intambo ishile yize kukhona ugesi .
Lo msebenzi kagesi ungalinganiswa nge-ECG (electrocardiogram). Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, ngeke uzwe ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngoba inhliziyo ayishayi futhi ayipompi igazi emzimbeni wonke.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-PEA iyiphethini yesigqi senhliziyo "esingathuthumela". Lokhu kusho ukuthi ayinakubuyiselwa ngokushaqeka okuvela kumshini wokuvuselela inhliziyo, njengoba kuboniswe kumamuvi. Ngakho-ke, uma ukwelashwa okufanele kungatholakali ngokushesha, ukufa kungavela ngemizuzu embalwa.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-PEA
Odokotela bahlukanisa lokhu kube izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. I-Pseudo-PEA: Kulokhu, imisipha yenhliziyo iyafinyela kancane ngenxa yomsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo. Ngisho noma ipompa igazi elincane, alinamandla njengokushaya kwenhliziyo okuvamile. Ngakho-ke, akukho ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele ukuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo emzimbeni.
2. I-PEA yangempela: Kulokhu, nakuba kukhona umsebenzi kagesi enhliziyweni, imisipha yenhliziyo ayiphenduli nhlobo . Lokho kusho ukuthi akukho gazi elimpontshwayo nhlobo. Akukho ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuzwakalayo nhlobo.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-PEA ne-Asystole (i-Flat-lining)?
Cishe uke wakubona kumamuvi, lapho umuntu efa, kuvela umugqa oqondile kusikrini onomsindo othi "beep...". Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi `(asystole)` noma "flat-lining."
- I-PEA: Kukhona ugesi enhliziyweni, kodwa inhliziyo ayisebenzi. (Njengomabonakude onegesi , kodwa ophukile).
- I-Asystole: Inhliziyo ayinagesi, futhi inhliziyo ayishayi. Ithule ngokuphelele. (Njengomabonakude ovuliwe).
Nakuba zombili ziyizimo zokuma kwenhliziyo, umehluko ungabonakala ngokubukeka kwe-ECG.
Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-PEA?
Kunezinto eziningi ezingabangela i-PEA. Ukuze kube lula ukuzikhumbula, odokotela basebenzisa uhlelo olufushane olubizwa ngokuthi “o-H no-T.” Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Isigaba Sembangela | Incazelo Elula |
|---|---|
| Ukwehla kwevolumu yegazi (i-Hypovolemia) | Ukwehla kwenani legazi emzimbeni ngenxa yesizathu esinjengokopha ngokweqile ngenxa yengozi enkulu noma ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okukhulu. |
| Ukwehla kwamazinga omoya-mpilo (i-Hypoxia) | Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo emzimbeni ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumula nokuminza. |
| Izinguquko ebhalansini ye-asidi/usawoti emzimbeni (i-hydrogen ion - i-Acidosis) | Ukwanda kwe-asidi emzimbeni ngenxa yezici ezifana nokwehluleka kwezinso. Izinguquko ezinkulu emazingeni e-electrolyte njenge-potassium. |
| Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba (i-Hypothermia) | Izinga lokushisa lomzimba lehla liye ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu. |
| Ukungenisa ubuthi | Ukweqisa imithi ethile, izidakamizwa, noma ezinye izinto ezinobuthi. |
| Ukuqongelela koketshezi oluzungeze inhliziyo (i-Tamponade - inhliziyo) | Imbobo ezungeze inhliziyo igcwele igazi noma olunye uketshezi, okubangela ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni. Lokhu kuvimbela inhliziyo ukuthi ishaye ngokukhululeka. |
| I-pneumothorax yokucindezeleka | Iphaphu liyaqhuma, ligcwalise umgodi wesifuba ngomoya, licindezela inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. |
| Amahlule egazi (i-Thrombosis) | Isimo esifana nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo (`i-myocardial infarction`) noma ukugoba kwegazi emaphashini (`i-pulmonary embolism`). |
| Ukulimala ngokomzimba (Ukuhlukumezeka) | Ukulimala kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ingozi enkulu esifubeni. |
Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu?
Uma umuntu ene-PEA, kungaba nzima ukuxilonga ngaphandle kwesibhedlela, njengoba kungenakwenzeka ukubona ngaphandle kwe-ECG. Ngenhlanhla, into yokuqala nebaluleke kakhulu okufanele yenziwe kunoma yisiphi isimo sokuma kwenhliziyo yinto eyodwa: i-CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation).
1. Qala i-CPR ngokushesha: Uma umuntu engazi lutho, engenakho ukushaya kwenhliziyo noma ukuphefumula, shayela i-ambulensi ngokushesha bese uqhubeka nokucindezela isifuba aze afike. Leli yithuba elihle kakhulu lokusindisa impilo. Uma ungazi ukuthi ungayenza kanjani i-CPR, izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zingakufundisa ukuthi ungayenza kanjani.
2. Ukwelashwa esibhedlela: Ngemva kokungeniswa e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela, odokotela bazoqhubeka nokwenza i-CPR futhi baqale ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
- I-Epinephrine: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-adrenaline. Lo muthi unikezwa ukuzama ukubuyisela inhliziyo esigqini sayo esijwayelekile.
- Ukwelapha imbangela: Kubalulekile ukuhlonza ngokushesha imbangela ye-PEA (esinye sezimbangela kuthebula elingenhla) bese uyelapha. Isibonelo, uma kukhona ukulahleka kwegazi, nikeza igazi, uma kungekho umoya-mpilo owanele, nikeza umoya-mpilo, uma kukhona igazi elizungeze inhliziyo, lisuse ngesirinji.
Khumbula, i-PEA iyisigqi "esingathuki". Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukushaqeka okuvela ku-defibrillator ngeke kusize. Kodwa-ke, nge-CPR enhle, ngezinye izikhathi isigqi senhliziyo singashintsha sibe isigqi esithukisayo (isb., `i-ventricular fibrillation`). Ngaleso sikhathi, ukushaqeka okuvela ku-defibrillator kunikeza inhliziyo ithuba lokuqala kabusha. Yingakho i-CPR ibaluleke kangaka.
Yini okufanele siyenze uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo?
Ukuma kwenhliziyo kuhlale kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha, ngakho-ke isinyathelo esisheshayo sibalulekile.
Othile phambi kwakho:
- Uma ulahlekelwa ingqondo ngokuzumayo bese uwe,
- Uma ungakuzwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo entanyeni noma esihlakaleni sakho,
- Uma ukuphefumula kuyeka noma kuba nzima ngendlela engavamile,
Shayela i-ambulensi ngokushesha. Bese uqala i-CPR ngokushesha okukhulu. Umzuzwana ngamunye uyabalulekile.
Nakuba i-PEA iyisimo esibucayi kakhulu, ukuqonda kwethu ngayo kukhule kakhulu ngokuthuthuka kwezokwelapha zanamuhla. Kodwa-ke, imizuzu embalwa yokuqala ibaluleke kakhulu kunayo yonke leyo. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona othile ebhekana nalokhu, ungesabi, qala i-CPR ngokushesha, futhi uthole usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha, okungakhulisa amathuba okusindisa impilo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-PEA iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esibucayi kakhulu lapho inhliziyo isebenza khona ngogesi kodwa ingenawo umfutho wegazi.
- Uma umuntu ewa ngokungazelelwe equlekile, hlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakhe nokuphefumula kwakhe ngokushesha.
- Uma kungekho ukushaya kwenhliziyo noma ukuphefumula, shayela i-ambulensi ngokushesha bese uqala i-CPR (ukucindezela isifuba) ngokushesha.
- Nakuba ukwelashwa ngokushaqeka (ukulungisa imisipha) kwe-PEA ngokuvamile kungaphumeleli, i-CPR eqhubekayo ingashintsha inhliziyo ibe yisigqi esisheshayo.
- Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa esibhedlela ukuthola nokwelapha imbangela eyisisekelo ye-PEA ngenkathi kwenziwa i-CPR.
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