Ingabe amehlo engane yakho aphenduka abe mhlophe? Ingabe kungaba yi-Retinoblastoma?

Wake waphawula ukuthi amehlo engane yakho anendawo emhlophe ngaphakathi kwendandatho emnyama, njengamehlo ekati acwebezelayo esithombeni? Noma ingabe ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala sengathi iso elilodwa lithambekele kancane kwelinye? Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungaba okungaphezu kwezinto ezincane nje. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngento efana naleyo, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lomdlavuza wamehlo olwenzeka ezinganeni ezincane. Yilokhu odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi `(Retinoblastoma)`. Ungakhathazeki, sizoxoxa ngakho konke ngamagama alula.

Kuyini ngempela `(i-Retinoblastoma)`?

Kalula nje, `(Retinoblastoma)` uhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala ongqimbeni lwamaseli azwela ukukhanya ngemuva kweso lethu. Siphinde sibize lolu ngqimba ngokuthi i-retina. Lusebenza njengefilimu ekhamera, isithombe salokho esikubonayo siqoshwa kuqala lapha. Ngakho-ke, `(Retinoblastoma)` uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wamehlo ezinganeni ezincane.

Kungathinta iso elilodwa kuphela, kodwa ezinye izingane zingaba namehlo womabili. Ngokwezibalo, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabane abane-retinoblastoma uzothinteka womabili amehlo. Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi kubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwamangqamuzana amancane akhula ku-retina. Esikhathini esiningi, cishe izingane ezine kwabahlanu zitholakala zinalesi sifo zingakafiki eminyakeni emithathu ubudala. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, abantu abadala bangaba ne-retinoblastoma. Wazi kanjani? Kwenzeka lapho isimila esincane esaqala ebuntwaneni silele phansi bese siqala ukukhula futhi ngemva kweminyaka eminingi.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-`(Retinoblastoma)`?

Yebo, `(i-Retinoblastoma)` ingenzeka ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• I-Unilateral Retinoblastoma: Njengoba igama lisho (i-Uni isho uhlangothi olulodwa, kanti uhlangothi oluhlangothini lusho uhlangothi olulodwa), lolu hlobo luthinta iso elilodwa kuphela.
• I-Bilateral Retinoblastoma: Kulesi simo (i-'Bi' isho okubili), umdlavuza uthinta womabili amehlo engane.
• I-Trilateral Retinoblastoma: Lena iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. I-Tri isho okuthathu. Lapha, kukhona umdlavuza emehlweni womabili, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona umdlavuza endaweni yesithathu, indlala encane ngaphakathi kobuchopho, ebizwa ngokuthi i-pineal gland. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-pineoblastoma.

Esikhathini esiningi, cishe ama-60% eziguli ze-retinoblastoma anohlobo lwe-underside, oluthinta iso elilodwa kuphela. Amanye ama-40% yizinhlobo ze-bilateral kanye ne-trilateral, ezithinta womabili amehlo.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi ``Retinoblastoma''?

Eqinisweni, i-``(Retinoblastoma)`` uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu.Uma uthatha izingane eziyisigidi ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-20, cishe ezingu-3.3 zazo zithola lokhu. Ezweni elifana neMelika, kubikwa amacala amasha angaba ngu-300 ngonyaka. Uma uthatha umhlaba wonke, kubikwa amacala amasha angaba ngu-9,000 ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke lokhu akuyona into evamile kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-`(Retinoblastoma)`? Siyibona kanjani ?

Lokhu kuvame ukuqashelwa ngaphambi kokuba ingane ineminyaka emi-3 ubudala, njengoba izingane ezincane zingazi ukuthi zingaziveza kanjani ubunzima bazo. Ngakho-ke, njengabazali, kumelwe siqaphele kakhulu izinguquko ezingabonakala emehlweni engane kanye nezinguquko ekuziphatheni kwengane.

I-Leukocoria - ukukhishwa okumhlophe

Lolu uphawu lokuqala noluvame kakhulu lwe-`(Retinoblastoma)`. `(Leukocoria)` yilapho inhlamvu yeso ngezinye izikhathi ibonakala imhlophe noma ikhanya, ikakhulukazi lapho uthatha isithombe ngethoshi endaweni emnyama. Kufana namehlo ekati akhanya ebusuku. Lokhu kungenzeka esweni elilodwa noma kuwo womabili amehlo.

Cabanga ukuthi uthathe isithombe sengane yakho ngosuku lwayo lokuzalwa, ikhanya kakhulu. Kamuva, uma ubheka isithombe, ubona ukuthi i-iris emnyama yelinye iso ikhanya ngokumhlophe, kanti elinye iso libukeka libomvu njengenjwayelo (umphumela wamehlo abomvu). Lokho kubukeka okumhlophe kubizwa ngokuthi `(Leukocoria)`. Uma ubona into efana naleyo, kufanele nakanjani uyibonise udokotela ngokushesha.

Ezinye izimpawu ze-`(Retinoblastoma)`

Ngaphezu kwe-`(Leukocoria)`, kunezinye izimpawu ezibonisa lesi sifo:

• I-Strabismus (amehlo ahlanganisiwe): Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho iso elilodwa libheke phambili, elinye iso lingaphendukela ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle.
• Ubunzima bokubuka into ehambayo, noma ukungayibheki nhlobo.
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo: Izingane ezincane azikwazi ukukutshela lokhu. Ngakho-ke zingase zikhale kaningi kunokujwayelekile, zenqabe ukudla, zibe nenkinga yokulala, futhi zingahlaliseki ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Iso elilodwa libonakala likhulu kunelinye (`iBuphthalmos`).
• Iso eliphumayo (`Proptosis`).
• Ihlule legazi ngaphambili kweso (`Hyphema`).
• Ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu, kanye nokubonakala okufana nokutheleleka kwezicubu ezizungeze iso (`i-Orbital cellulitis`).

Uma ubona eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zimpawu enganeni yakho, sicela ungayizibi . Bona udokotela wezingane noma udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Kungani lokhu `(i-Retinoblastoma)` kuvela? Yiziphi izimbangela zalokhu?

`(I-Retinoblastoma)` uhlobo lomdlavuza. Kalula nje, umdlavuza yilapho amanye amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu eba angasebenzi kahle futhi aqale ukuhlukana ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki.Lokhu kuhlukana yikho okubangela ukwakheka kwamathumba, kulimaze izicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile. Uma la maseli omdlavuza eqhubeka nokukhula ngaphandle kokulawulwa, angasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba kusukela lapho aqala khona. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-metastasis.

Ngakho-ke, imbangela eyinhloko yokukhula kwe-`(Retinoblastoma)` iphutha ezizakhini zethu zofuzo (`i-DNA`).

Umehluko ku-``(DNA)`` uyisiqalo

Amaseli ethu asebenzisa "i-DNA" njengezindlela zokupheka encwadini yokupheka. Sithola "i-DNA" yethu kumama nobaba. Lokho kusho ukuthi sithatha izingxenye zezincwadi zabo zokupheka bese sakha incwadi yethu yokupheka.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, kungaba nephutha kule `(DNA)`, njengohlamvu olukuleyo resipi olubhalwe ngokungalungile. Amaseli ethu azi kuphela ukuthi angayenza kanjani iresiphi njengoba injalo encwadini. Ngakho-ke uma kukhona iphutha ku-`(DNA)`, amaseli nawo ayazi ukuthi angayenza kanjani ngokungalungile. Yingakho amanye amaseli ekhula ngokungalawuleki futhi abe nomdlavuza.

Odokotela batusa ukuthi izingane ezine-retinoblastoma, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziwufuzo noma cha, zithole ukuhlolwa kofuzo kanye nokwelulekwa. Batusa nokuthi izingane zakubo kanye namanye amalungu omndeni nazo zenze lokhu kuhlolwa.

Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okubangela i-Retinoblastoma kuthinta isakhi sofuzo esibizwa nge-RB1. Lesi isakhi sofuzo esivimba isimila. Ama-gene avimba isimila afana nohlelo lwamabhuleki emzimbeni wethu. Alawula ukuhlukana nokukhula kwamaseli. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona ukuguquka kwesakhi sofuzo se-RB1, kubonakala sengathi ibhuleki alisebenzi. Ngemuva kwalokho amaseli ku-retina akhula ngokungalawuleki futhi akhe isimila. Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe ingxenye ye-chromosome ebizwa ngokuthi i-13p equkethe isakhi sofuzo se-RB1 isusiwe ngokuphelele (isusiwe), i-Retinoblastoma ingakhula.

Akuvamile ukuthi abanye abantu babe nesimila esingenabungozi esibizwa ngokuthi `(Retinoma)` ku-retina. Lokhu kufana nezandulela `(Retinoblastoma).` Kodwa ngesizathu esithile, lokhu kuyayeka ukukhula. Kodwa-ke, kamuva, le `(Retinoma)` ingaqala ukukhula futhi ibe `(Retinoblastoma).`

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko lapho amaphutha evele khona ku-`(DNA)`:

• Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okungahleliwe: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho iseli lenza iphutha elingahleliwe ngenkathi likopisha i-DNA kubazali balo. Kufana nomuntu owenza iphutha lapho ebhala iresiphi ngesandla. Iresiphi yokuqala yayinhle, kodwa iresiphi entsha inephutha. Lolu hlobo lwe-retinoblastoma engahleliwe luvame ukuthinta iso elilodwa kuphela.
• Izinguquko ezizuzwe njengefa:Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi umama noma ubaba, noma bobabili, banesici kule `(DNA)`. Bese kuthi, lapho ingane ithola ikhophi yaleyo `(DNA)`, ifika naleyo sici esivele sikhona. Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okuthinta i-`(Retinoblastoma)` kuzuzwe ngendlela ebizwa ngokuthi `(Autosomal dominant inheritance`. Lokho kusho ukuthi, uma omunye wabazali enalesi sici sokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, ingane inethuba elingama-50% lokuyithola. Uma bobabili benayo, kunethuba elingama-75%. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe abazali abanayo i-`(Retinoblastoma)`, ingane ingakhula ibe yi-`(Retinoblastoma)` ngefa. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi abanye abantu 'bathwali' balesi sici sokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Lokho kusho ukuthi yize benokuguqulwa emizimbeni yabo, abasitholi lesi sifo.

Uma i-``Retinoblastoma`` ikhula ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okuzuzwe njengefa, imvamisa iba uhlobo lwe-``Bilateral```, oluthinta amehlo womabili. Akuvamile, ingenzeka futhi njenge-``Unilateral```, ethinta iso elilodwa kuphela.

Izingane zakubo zomntwana one-retinoblastoma nazo zisengozini enkulu yokuba nayo. Uma bobabili abazali bene-retinoblastoma, ingozi yabafowabo nodadewabo bomntwana othintekile iphakathi kuka-4% no-7%.

Yiziphi ezinye izinkinga ezingase zivele ngenxa ye-`(Retinoblastoma)`?

I-Retinoblastoma ingalimaza izicubu ezizungeze iso, futhi ingaholela ekulahlekelweni kombono okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kweso elithintekile.

Ngenxa yokuthi lo mdlavuza, kunengozi yokuthi amaseli `(Retinoblastoma)` asakazeke (`metastasizing`) aye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Uma usakazeka, isimo siba yingozi nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke, enye yezinhloso eziyinhloko zokwelashwa ukuvimbela lokhu kusakazeka. Indlela eyingozi kakhulu ukuthi lo mdlavuza usakazeke usuka esweni udlule 'emthanjeni we-optic' uye ebuchosheni. Bese uqala kabusha njengomdlavuza wobuchopho.

Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okubangela i-retinoblastoma kwandisa nengozi yokuthola ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza kamuva ekuphileni. Kukhona cishe ingozi engu-1% yokuthola umdlavuza omusha minyaka yonke (isibonelo, ingozi engu-20% eminyakeni engama-20).

Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezingaba khona kakhulu yilezi:

• Ama-Sarcomas: Lawa umdlavuza othinta amathambo nezicubu ezixhumene nawo.
• Ama-Melanoma: Lawa umdlavuza othinta izindawo ezifana nesikhumba, amehlo, kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila ngaphakathi komlomo nekhala.
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu: Ngenxa yesistimu yemithambo yegazi eyinkimbinkimbi emaphashini, umdlavuza okhula lapha ungasakazeka kalula kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani ukuthi une-`(Retinoblastoma)`? (Ukuxilongwa)

Esikhathini esiningi, abazali (noma abanakekeli) yibona abaqalayo ukubona amabala amhlophe abizwa ngokuthi ``Leukocoria''. Lapho nje bekubona, batshela udokotela wezingane wengane. Udokotela ube esezama ukuqinisekisa lokho. Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela bangayibona futhi le ``Leukocoria'' ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuhlola ukukhula kwengane okuvamile.

Uma udokotela wezingane ebona i-"Leukocoria", isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthumela ingane kudokotela wamehlo noma komunye uchwepheshe wokunakekelwa kwamehlo ngokushesha. Udokotela wamehlo uzozama ukubheka ngqo esweni ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini isimila se-"Retinoblastoma". Lapho uhlola amehlo ezingane ezincane, ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukufaka "amaconsi anomuthi ukuze andise abafundi " noma ukunikeza ingane umuthi wokubulala izinzwa ukuze ihlole amehlo.

Yini eyenziwa ama-scan?

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi kuzokwenziwa ukuskena. Lokhu kuskena kungasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini izimila okunzima ukuzibona kwelinye iso , noma ukuthi kukhona izimila ebuchosheni ezifana ne-"Pineoblastoma".

Izinhlobo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zokuskena yilezi:

• Ukuskena kwe-Ultrasound: Lokhu kuskena kubonisa ukuqongelela kwe-calcium, okuvame ukubonwa ku-retinoblastoma.
• I-CT Scan (`I-Computed Tomography (CT) scan`): `(I-Retinoblastoma)` ine-calcium deposits, ngakho-ke ingabonakala ngokucacile kuma-CT scan.
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan): Lokhu ukuskena okungcono kakhulu kokuthatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zezicubu nezakhiwo ezahlukene ngaphakathi komzimba. Kuthatha isikhathi futhi kuyabiza. Ngakho-ke akuvamile ukuba ukuhlolwa kokuqala. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ukuthi isimila sisakazeke kangakanani nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ezinye izimila kwelinye iso noma ebuchosheni.
• Ukuskena kwe-PET (i-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan): Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokuxilonga kanye nokwelashwa noma kamuva. Kuwusizo kakhulu ukubona ukuthi isimila sisakazeke yini (sisabalale) kwezinye izindawo noma ukuthi izimila ezintsha zakheke kwenye indawo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha `(i-Retinoblastoma)`?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha `(i-Retinoblastoma)`. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kuhilela inhlanganisela yezindlela eziningana. Zingenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa noma enye ngemva kwenye. Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imithi ehlasela ngqo amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungasiza ekugwemeni ukuhlinzwa, okungaholela ekubeni yimpumputhe . Kunganciphisa nezimila, okwenza kube lula ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Le mithi yamakhemikhali inganikezwa endaweni, okusho ukuthi ifakwa ngqo esweni (imijovo eqondiwe), noma ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, okusho ukuthi ifakwa emthanjeni (i-intravenous (IV) infusion). Indlela enikezwa ngayo incike esimweni sengane nezidingo zayo.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe:Lokhu kusebenzisa amandla avame kakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kungenziwa ngaphandle komzimba, njengokwelashwa ngemisebe yangaphandle (i-EBRT), noma ngaphakathi emzimbeni, njenge-brachytherapy. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokwelapha ivame ukugwenywa ngenxa yengozi yezinkinga zesikhathi eside.
• Ukwelashwa okugxile: Lokhu kubizwa kanjalo ngoba "kugxile" futhi kubhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela. Kungasebenzisa i-thermotherapy, esebenzisa ukushisa okuphezulu, noma i-laser therapy, esebenzisa umkhuhlane ophezulu.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kungenzeka kakhulu uma kunengozi yokusabalala kwe-retinoblastoma. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ukususwa ngokuphelele kweso (i-enucleation). Lokhu kuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthi ungasabalali kakhulu. Ngesikhathi kwenziwa lokhu kuhlinzwa, iso elithintekile lingase lilahlekelwe umbono kakade.
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha kanye nokwelapha: Lokhu kungahluka kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kusiza ukulawula imiphumela emibi yezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Isibonelo, imithi yokwelapha isicanucanu nokuhlanza okubangelwa yi-chemotherapy. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwelapha ezisekelayo, ngakho udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukukweluleka ngokuthi yiziphi ezilungele ingane yakho.

Kwenzekani uma ingane yami inalesi simo? Liyini ikusasa?

Ukubikezela kwengane ene-retinoblastoma kuncike kakhulu ekutheni lesi sifo sitholakala ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi ukwelashwa kuqalwa kanjani. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, amathuba okululama aphezulu kakhulu. Ama-95% eziguli ze-retinoblastoma zezingane alulama ngokugcwele. Uma lesi sifo sitholakala ingane ingakafiki eminyakeni emi-2 ubudala, amathuba okuba nomphumela omuhle ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umbono aphezulu.

Abantu abalulama ku-retinoblastoma badinga ukubhekwa impilo yabo yonke ukuze kuhlolwe izimila ezintsha. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ukuskena kwaminyaka yonke kanye nezinye izivivinyo zokuhlola izimila ezintsha. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ingane yakho ezidingayo.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-`(Retinoblastoma)`?

I-Retinoblastoma ibangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Ngakho-ke, ayikho indlela yokuyivimbela ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba ne-Retinoblastoma, noma wazi ukuthi une-mutation yezakhi zofuzo eyibangela, ukwelulekwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungakusiza uqonde ingozi yokudlulisela leso sakhi sofuzo enganeni yakho uma unengane.

Kufanele ngikhulume nini nodokotela mayelana ne-`(Retinoblastoma)`?

Okuhlobene ne-``(Retinoblastoma)`` emehlweni engane yakhoUma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu noma izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Futhi, uma wena noma umlingani wakho ninomlando womndeni we-`(Retinoblastoma)`, noma uma wazi ukuthi une-`(RB1)` yokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, kungumqondo omuhle ukucabangela ukwelulekwa kwezakhi zofuzo ngaphambi kokuba nezingane.

Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzazi uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba ne-``(Retinoblastoma)``

Uma othile emndenini wakho eye waba ne-`(Retinoblastoma)`, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ingane yakho kanye nomndeni wakho wonke bahlolwe amehlo njalo. I-`(RB1)`` gene ebangela i-`(Retinoblastoma)`` ingabangela nohlobo olungengozi lwesimila samehlo esibizwa ngokuthi ``(Retinocytoma).``(Retinocytoma)`` ingakhula kubantu banoma yimuphi ubudala.

Ukuthola ukuxilongwa komdlavuza kuyinto eshintsha impilo. Kodwa, hlala unethemba. Abacwaningi nodokotela bahlala bethola izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha nezisebenzayo ezandisa amathuba okusinda kwezingane ezinalolu hlobo lomdlavuza. Uma ingane yakho ine-retinoblastoma, ungase uthande ukucabanga ngokuhlanganyela esivivinyweni somtholampilo ukuze uthole izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha. Futhi, buza udokotela wakho ngamaqembu okusekela iziguli zomdlavuza kanye nemindeni yazo. Abazali abaningi kanye nemindeni bathola la maqembu njengomthombo omkhulu wamandla, isibindi, nethemba.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu esifuna ukuyithatha ekhaya kule ndaba (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sikhulume kakhulu nge-`(Retinoblastoma)` namuhla, akunjalo? Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Uma ubona ibala elimhlophe esweni lomntwana wakho (ikakhulukazi ezithombeni ezikhanyayo), noma uma amehlo ebonakala eshonile, ungalishayi indiva. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.
• I-Retinoblastoma yisifo esingavamile kodwa esingelapheka ngokuphelele uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi.
• Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha, futhi odokotela bazokhetha eyodwa efanela ingane yakho kangcono.
• Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nalesi sifo, cabanga ngokwelulekwa ngofuzo kanye nokuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo.
• Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa. Kunezindawo eziningi nabantu ongaphendukela kubo ukuze uthole usizo ngesikhathi esinjengalesi.

Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Ngikufisela impilo enhle wena nomntanakho!

I- Retinoblastoma, umdlavuza wobuntwana, umdlavuza wamehlo, i-leukocoria, i-retina, izinguquko zofuzo, i-RB1 gene