Sonke siyazi ukuthi kuyinto evamile ukuthi umama wakho, ubaba, noma ugogo wakho bakhohlwe ezinye izinto njengoba bekhula. Kodwa wake wazizwa yini ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kukhohlwa kudlula izinga elijwayelekile? Ungase ukhohlwe lokho okhulume ngakho ekuseni kusihlwa, ungase ukhohlwe ukuthi ubeke kuphi izinto zakho ezisetshenziswa njalo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ungase ungababoni ngisho nabantu abakuzungezile. Lesi simo singaba uphawu lweSifo i-Alzheimer's. Ngakho ake sixoxe ngalokhu namuhla.
Kuyini i-Alzheimer's? Kuyini i-dementia?
Abantu abaningi bayawadida la magama amabili. Ngakho-ke okokuqala, ake siqonde umehluko oqondile phakathi kwala magama amabili.
Kalula nje, i-dementia ayilona igama lesifo esithile. Yigama elijwayelekile, njengokuthi "umkhuhlane." Kunezimbangela eziningi ezahlukene zomkhuhlane, njengomkhuhlane we-dengue kanye ne-influenza, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, i-dementia yigama elijwayelekile leqoqo lezimpawu ezithinta inkumbulo, ukucabanga, ukuziphatha, kanye nobunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
Isifo i-Alzheimer's siyimbangela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu ye-dementia. Okusho ukuthi, akuwona wonke umuntu onesifo i-dementia ozoba nesifo i-Alzheimer's, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu onesifo i-Alzheimer's ozoba nesifo i-dementia.
Isifo i-Alzheimer's siwukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kwamangqamuzana obuchopho (amangqamuzana ezinzwa) ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inkumbulo, ukucabanga, kanye nokuziphatha kushintshe kancane kancane. Ngokuvamile kuthinta abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65. Kodwa-ke, akuyona ingxenye evamile yokuguga.
Izigaba ezintathu zesifo i-Alzheimer's
Lesi sifo asiveli ngokuzumayo. Sivela kancane kancane, ngezigaba ezintathu.
| Isigaba sesifo | Izici ezibonakalayo |
|---|---|
| Isigaba sokuqala (Esincane) | Kulesi sigaba, izimpawu azibonakali kangako. Yilabo abasondelene kakhulu kuphela abazobona umehluko omncane. Kungase kube nezinto ezifana nokukhohlwa izehlakalo zakamuva, ubunzima bokuthola amagama, nokukhohlwa ukuthi ubeke kuphi izinto. Kodwa izinto ezifana nokushayela imoto wedwa nokuhlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi zisengenzeka. |
| Okumaphakathi | Lesi yisigaba eside kunazo zonke salesi sifo. Izimpawu manje seziba sobala kakhulu. Umndeni nabangane baba ngabantu abangasabonakali. Ukungaphumuli ebusuku kwenzeka. Izinguquko zokuziphatha ezifana nokudideka, ukucasuka, nentukuthelo zingabonakala. Njengoba kunzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke wedwa, isiguli sidinga ngempela umuntu (umnakekeli) ozosisiza kulesi sigaba. |
| Isigaba sokugcina (Esinzima) | Kulesi sigaba, isiguli sidinga ukunakekelwa amahora angama-24 ngosuku. Asikwazi ngisho nokwenza izinto eziyisisekelo njengokuhamba, ukuhlala, nokugwinya. Silahlekelwa ikhono laso lokukhuluma ngokuphelele. Singase silahlekelwe yiwo wonke umbono wendawo esizungezile. Kuleli qophelo, izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kobuhlungu zibaluleke kakhulu ekusekeleni isiguli nomndeni. |
Yini ebangela isifo i-Alzheimer's?
Ososayensi abakakabi nayo impendulo eqondile eyi-100% yokuthi kungani abanye abantu beba nalesi sifo, kodwa bathole ukuthi sibangelwa kakhulu izinhlobo ezimbili zomonakalo kumaseli ezinzwa ebuchosheni.
1. Ukwakheka kwama-tangles ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa: Uhlobo lweprotheni ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa zobuchopho bethu luyaphithana futhi luphithane. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'ama-neurofibrillar tangles'.
2. Ama-deposit phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa: Uhlobo lweprotheni olubizwa ngokuthi i-'beta-amyloid' lufakwa phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa, lwakha uhlobo lwenqwaba efana nodoti. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-'plaque'.
Cabanga ngamaseli ezinzwa ebuchosheni bethu njengohlelo lwezintambo zikagesi ezithwala ulwazi. Ngenxa yokuxinana kanye nokufakwa kwezinto okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla, lezi zintambo zikagesi azikwazi ukusebenza kahle. Ukudluliselwa kwemiyalezo kuyayeka, futhi ekugcineni lawo maseli ezinzwa ayafa. Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
Ingabe izakhi zofuzo ziyakuthinta lokhu?
Yebo, kukhona ithonya elithile lezakhi zofuzo. Uma abazali bakho noma abafowenu noma izingane zakini beke baba nesifo i-Alzheimer's, kungenzeka ukuthi uzoba naso. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi uzoba naso. Izakhi zofuzo ezithile, njenge-'ApoE (apolipoprotein E)' kutholakale ukuthi zandisa ingozi yalesi sifo. Kodwa lesi akusona isifo esibangelwa izici zofuzo zodwa.
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma usola ukuthi wena noma othile oseduze nawe unezimpawu ze-Alzheimer's, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha, okungcono kube udokotela wezinzwa.
Udokotela uzokubuza wena nomndeni wakho ngezinto ezifana nalezi:
- Ziyini izinkinga ngenkumbulo nokucabanga? Zinzima kangakanani?
- Ingabe kukhona ushintsho ekuziphatheni noma ebuntwini?
- Ingabe lezi zinkinga zithinte impilo yakho yansuku zonke?
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo:
- Ukuhlolwa kwenkumbulo kanye nekhono lengqondo: Ukubuza imibuzo, ukubacela ukuba benze izibalo ezilula, kanye nokuhlola amakhono olimi.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo: Hlola ezinye izimo zezokwelapha (isib. ukuntuleka kwamavithamini) okungase kubangele ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
- Ukuskena kobuchopho: Ukuskena kwe-CT, i-MRI, noma i-PET kungabona izinguquko ebuchosheni.
- I-Spinal Tap: Kwezinye izimo, uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) luyahlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini amaprotheni ahlobene nesifo i-Alzheimer's.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungazihloniphi noma ukwesaba ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho uqaphela lezi zimpawu. Uma lesi sifo sisheshe sitholakale, kuba lula ngesiguli nomndeni ukulungiselela lesi simo.
Ukwelashwa nokuphathwa
Ngeshwa, alikho ikhambi lesifo i-Alzheimer's okwamanje. Kodwa-ke , kunemithi eminingana engasiza ekunciphiseni ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo nokulawula izimpawu.
Imithi emisha efana ne-`Lecanemab (Leqembi)` kanye ne-`Donanemab (Kinsula)` izama ukulawula ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo ngokususa amaprotheni ayingozi aqoqana ebuchosheni. Futhi, imithi efana ne-`Cholinesterase inhibitors` kanye ne-`Memantine` isiza ukugcina inkumbulo nokusebenza kwengqondo ngezinga elithile.
Yonke le mithi kufanele ithathwe kuphela ngokunconywa ngudokotela.
Ngaphezu kwemithi, ukudala indawo ekhululekile nephephile yesiguli, ukulandela inqubo yansuku zonke, kanye nokuzibandakanya ekuzivocavoceni okulula kungasiza kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yokuphila kwesiguli.
Uma unakekela umuntu onesifo i-Alzheimer's...
Uma ungumnakekeli womuntu one-Alzheimer's, kungaba umsebenzi onzima kakhulu futhi odinga umzamo omkhulu. Nazi ezinye izinto ezingakusiza:
- Yenza isimiso: Yenza izinto ezifana nokupha ukudla, ukugeza, nokulala ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ukudideka kwesiguli.
- Khuluma ngokucacile nangokuzola: sebenzisa amagama alula, imisho emifushane. Walalele ngesineke.
- Qaphela ukuphepha: Susa amakhaphethi ashelelayo endlini. Faka izibambo zokubambelela endlini yokugezela. Qaphela lapho isiguli siphuma sodwa.
- Vumela ukuzimela: Bavumele benze izinto abangazenza bodwa. Lokhu kuzovikela ukuzethemba kwabo.
- Cabanga ngawe futhi:Ukunakekela isiguli kuyakhathaza ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba. Ngakho-ke zinike isikhathi sokuphumula, yenza okuthile okuthandayo, bese ujoyina amaqembu okusekelana uma kudingeka. Ungamnakekela kahle isiguli kuphela uma uphilile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo i-Alzheimer's asiyona into evamile yokuguga. Siyisifo esilimaza ubuchopho.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukushintsha kokuziphatha, noma ubunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke, ungabi namahloni ubone udokotela.
- Nakuba lesi sifo singelapheki ngokuphelele, kunezindlela zokwelapha zokulawula ukuqhubeka kwaso nokulawula izimpawu.
- Ukunakekela umuntu one-Alzheimer's kuyinselele. Kudinga isineke, uthando, kanye nolwazi olufanele. Njengomnakekeli, kubalulekile ukunakekela impilo yakho.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme) kunganciphisa ingozi yokuthola isifo i-Alzheimer's.
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