Wake waba nokusha okukhulu, isilonda esibi esibangelwe yingozi, noma umdlavuza wesikhumba owashiya isibazi? Yilapho odokotela bekhuluma khona ngokuthi "i-skin graft." Abanye abantu bangase bazizwe besaba kancane lapho bezwa leli gama. Kodwa empeleni ukuhlinzwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu okwenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni yabantu abaningi. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sithole izimpendulo zayo yonke imibuzo yakho mayelana ne-skin grafts, njengokukhuluma nomngane.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukufakelwa kwesikhumba?
Kalula nje, ukufakelwa kwesikhumba kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa ehilela ukuthatha isikhumba esinempilo engxenyeni ethile yomzimba wakho bese usifaka engxenyeni eyonakele noma elahlekile yomzimba wakho. Kufana nokufaka isitshalo kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, isikhumba esisanda kufakelwa sizoqala ukwakha imithambo yegazi futhi sixhumane nezicubu ezizungezile.
Odokotela basebenzisa le ndlela ukusiza abantu abanesikhumba esonakele ngenxa yokusha, izingozi, izifo zesikhumba, noma izifo. Ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa isikhala esisele ngemva kokususa umdlavuza wesikhumba.
Isikhathi sokululama ngemva kwalokhu kuhlinzwa sizohluka kuye ngempilo yakho jikelele, inani lesikhumba esifakwe, kanye nohlobo lokuhlinzwa okwenziwe. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kuhlinzwa kuphumelela okokuqala. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, uma isikhumba esifakwe singanamatheli kahle, kungase kudingeke olunye ukuhlinzwa.
Utholaphi isikhumba sokufakelwa?
Esikhathini esiningi, odokotela basusa isikhumba engxenyeni enempilo yomzimba wesiguli . Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Autograft". Lena yindlela ephephile nephumelela kakhulu.
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu eshile kakhulu, kungase kungabi nesikhumba esinempilo esanele esisele ukuze sithathwe emzimbeni wakhe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela:
- I-Allograft: Ukufakelwa kwesikhumba okwesikhashana kumuntu oshonile (isidumbu).
- I-Xenograft: Ukufakelwa kwesikhumba okwesikhashana kusuka esilwaneni, ngokuvamile ingulube.
Zombili izindlela ze-"Allograft" kanye ne-"Xenograft" zivame ukuba zesikhashana . Zisetshenziselwa ukumboza inxeba lize liphole noma kuze kube yilapho isikhumba sesiguli esinempilo sikhula futhi.
Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokufakelwa kwesikhumba?
Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokufakelwa isikhumba. Udokotela wakho uzokhetha indlela efanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni, indawo kanye nosayizi wesilonda sakho.
| Uhlobo lwe-Graft | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukufakelwa kwesikhumba okuqhekekile (STSG) | Kule nqubo, kususwa ungqimba oluphezulu lwesikhumba (i-epidermis) kanye nengxenye yongqimba lwesibili olungaphansi (i-dermis). Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukumboza amanxeba amakhulu . Isikhumba sithathwa ezindaweni ezifana namathanga, izinqe, isisu, noma umhlane. Indawo yomnikeli iphola ngokwayo zingakapheli amasonto ayi-1-2. |
| Ukufakelwa kwesikhumba okujiyile ngokuphelele (FTSG) | Lapha, zombili izingqimba zesikhumba eziphezulu nezingezansi zisuswa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kukhulu kancane, ngakho kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphulukiswa. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezingamboziwe yizingubo, njengobuso . Isikhumba sithathwa esinqeni, engalweni, noma eduze kwethambo lentamo, bese inxeba lithungwa ngokushesha. |
| I-graft ehlanganisiwe | Kulokhu, akusikho isikhumba kuphela esitshalwa kabusha, kodwa nezinye izicubu ezifana ne-cartilage. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukulungisa umonakalo ekhaleni, ezinzwaneni, noma ezindlebeni . |
Kukuziphi izimo lapho kudingeka khona ukufakelwa kwesikhumba?
Udokotela wakho angase akuncome lokhu kuhlinzwa uma unesikhumba esonakele kakhulu noma esingekho ukuthi singaphola sodwa. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:
- Ukusha: Ukusha okukhulu.
- Ukutheleleka: Ukutheleleka okukhulu okulimaza isikhumba.
- Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wesikhumba: Ukugcwalisa isikhala esisele ngemva kokususwa komdlavuza (isib. ukuhlinzwa kukaMohs).
- Izilonda Nezilonda Zombhede: Amanxeba angapholi.
- Amanxeba amakhulu kakhulu: Amanxeba amakhulu kakhulu ukuba aziphole ngokwawo.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?
Ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa
Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha imithi ethile, njengemithi yokunciphisa igazi. Uma ubhema, kufanele uyeke amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.Ngenxa yokuthi amanxeba kubantu ababhemayo aphola kancane kakhulu, ingozi yokwehluleka kokuhlinzwa iphakeme.
Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, udokotela uzokuxilonga bese enquma indawo yomnikeli kanye nendawo yokufakelwa. Lapho ekhetha indawo yokufakelwa kwesikhumba, udokotela uzozama ukukhetha indawo efana nombala kanye nokuthungwa kwesikhumba sendawo yokufakelwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa
Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa esibhedlela. Ngokuvamile unikezwa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, uma kuyi-transplant encane, ungase unikezwe i-anesthesia yendawo.
Udokotela ohlinzayo usika futhi asuse isikhumba endaweni enempilo (isib., ithanga, isisu, umhlane) esitholakale. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuba isikhumba sixhunywe, kwenziwa izimbobo ezincane noma izimbobo ezifana ne-mesh. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-meshing". Lokhu kwenzelwa ukwelula isikhumba endaweni enkulu nokusiza inxeba ukuthi liphilise ngokushesha.
Lesi sikhumba sibe sesinamatheliswa endaweni eyonakele, siboshwe ngezitishi noma ngezinti eziyisisekelo, bese simbozwa kahle ngebhandeshi.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
Njengoba kunezilonda ezimbili (ukusikwa kwesikhumba kanye nokufakelwa kwesikhumba), udokotela uzoqapha ngokucophelela kokubili ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyaphola kahle futhi azinazo izifo. Kuye ngohlobo lokuhlinzwa, kungadingeka uhlale esibhedlela cishe amasonto amabili. Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, kufanele ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo.
- Ukugcina inxeba limboziwe: Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele uligcine isikhathi esingakanani ibhandishi, ukuthi kufanele libe manzi yini, nokuthi ulishintshe nini. Bangase bakutshele ukuthi usebenzise ukhilimu wama-antibiotic.
- Ukuvikela inxeba: Gwema imisebenzi enweba isikhumba endaweni, njengokuzivocavoca okunzima, amasonto ama-3-4 kuze kube yilapho inxeba selipholile.
- Ukuthatha imithi yobuhlungu: Udokotela uzokunikeza imithi yobuhlungu obuvela ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Yisebenzise ngendlela efanele.
- Ukulandelela: Qiniseka ukuthi uya kudokotela ukuze uhlole amanxeba. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba (PT) kunganconywa ukwandisa ukuqina kwesikhumba esihlanganisiwe nokunciphisa ukwakheka kwezicubu zesilonda.
Yiziphi izingozi nezinkinga zalokhu?
Iningi lokufakelwa kwesikhumba liyaphumelela. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi isikhumba esifakwe singase singanamatheli endaweni entsha. Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani lokhu kungenzeka:
- Igazi noma ubomvu buqoqana ngaphansi kwesikhumba esihlanganisiwe.
- Ukutheleleka.
- Ukulimala endaweni ehlanganisiwe ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa (isb., ukuthuthumela ngokweqile).
- Ukwephuza ukuphola kwenxeba ngenxa yezinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi (lokhu kuvame kakhulu kwababhemayo ).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphuma kwegazi, ukufinyela kwesikhumba esihlanganisiwe, ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa noma ukuzwela ngokweqile, kanye nobuhlungu obungapheli kungase kwenzeke. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvame ukuphathwa yithimba lezokwelapha elinekhono.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela ngokucophelela ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga eziningi.
Kunini lapho udinga ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha?
Uma ubona into efana nale uma ufika ekhaya ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ucingo ngokushesha :
- Uma igazi noma ubomvu buphuma esilondeni.
- Uma unezinhlungu ezinzima ezingenakulawuleka ngisho nangemithi.
- Uma ubonisa izimpawu zokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane .
Uma kwenziwa ukufakelwa kwesikhumba enganeni encane, isikhumba esifakwe kuso singase singakhuli njengoba ingane ikhula. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa okunye esikhathini esizayo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu futhi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa kwesikhumba kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa ephumelelayo lapho isikhumba esonakele noma esingekho sithathelwa indawo yisikhumba esinempilo esithathwe kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho.
- Uma ubhema, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukubhema amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze ukuhlinzwa kuphumelele.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela ngemva kokuhlinzwa (ukugcina inxeba lihlanzekile, ukungazivivinyi, ukuphuza imithi) kahle.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nokopha noma ubomvu esilondeni, ubuhlungu obukhulu, noma umkhuhlane, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Ungesabi lokhu kuhlinzwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka onakho.
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