Cabanga ukuthi unomkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bomzimba, bese uqala ukuthatha umuthi onikezwe udokotela. Kuthiwani uma, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, mhlawumbe isonto noma amabili, ngokuzumayo uvela amabala abomvu emzimbeni wakho, izilonda emlonyeni wakho, emehlweni akho, nasezithweni zakho zangasese, futhi isikhumba sakho siqala ukuqhekeka futhi siqhekeke sengathi sishisiwe? Lesi yisimo esesabekayo ngempela, esiyingozi kakhulu, futhi esingavamile. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi iStevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wonke umuntu aqaphele lokhu.
Yini i-SJS ne-TEN? Uyini umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili?
I-Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) iwukusabela okukhulu kokuzwela, ngokuvamile umuthi. Kuhilela ukulimala kwesikhumba sethu kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, okubangela ukuba amangqamuzana afe kanye nesikhumba siqhekeke. Ulwelwesi lwamafinyila luyilwelwesi oluthambile nolumanzi oluhlala emlonyeni wethu, ekhaleni, emehlweni, ezithweni zangasese kanye nasendunu.
Kukhona olunye uhlobo olubi lwalesi simo, esilubiza ngokuthi i-Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) . Kalula nje, i-SJS ne-TEN zifana nezinhlangothi ezimbili zesifo esifanayo.
- I-SJS (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome): Kulesi simo , ngaphansi kuka-10% wesikhumba somzimba kuyasuswa.
- I-TEN (i-Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis): Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu futhi esingasongela impilo lapho kulahleka khona isikhumba somzimba esingaphezu kuka-30% .
Zombili lezi zimo zimbi kakhulu, ngakho-ke isiguli kumele silaliswe esibhedlela , ngezinye izikhathi sisegumbini lokunakekela abagula kakhulu (ICU) noma egumbini lokushiswa.
Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo?
Nakuba i-SJS ingenzeka kunoma yimuphi ubudala, ivame kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-30. Ingavela nakubantu abadala. I-SJS ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunakwabesilisa.
Kunomehluko omncane uma ubheka isizathu:
- Imbangela eyinhloko ye-SJS ezinganeni yizimo ezithelelanayo njenge -pneumonia .
- Imbangela eyinhloko ye-SJS/TEN kubantu abadala ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba nomuthi .
Ziyini ngempela izimpawu ze-SJS?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu, ngoba uma uzibona ngokushesha, kulapho ungafuna khona ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela zingakapheli isonto noma ezintathu kusukela uqale umuthi.
Izimpawu zokuqala izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezivamile njengomkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nokukhwehlela. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthola i-SJS ezinsukwini zokuqala. Kulapho kuphela lapho kuvela khona izimpawu zesikhumba ezinzima.
Ngezansi kunezimpawu eziyinhloko ze-SJS.
| Isibonakaliso | Kuchazwe kalula |
|---|---|
| Ubuhlungu obukhulu besikhumba | Ukuzwa ubuhlungu obushisayo obukhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ukuthinta isikhumba sakho. |
| Umkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba | Izimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane omkhulu, izinhlungu zomzimba, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. |
| Amabala abomvu namabala | Amabala abomvu noma izilonda eziqala ebusweni nasesifubeni bese zisakazeka emzimbeni wonke. |
| Amathumba namanxeba | Amaqhubu nezilonda ezibuhlungu esikhumbeni, emlonyeni, emphinjeni, emehlweni, ezithweni zangasese kanye nase-rectum. |
| Ukuxebuka kwesikhumba | Ama-blister ayaqhuma futhi ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba luyaxebuka lube ama-flakes amakhulu. |
| Ukukhipha amathe emlonyeni | Ukuvuza amathe ngenxa yezilonda emlonyeni, ukungakwazi ukugcina umlomo uvaliwe. |
| Ukuthintana kwamehlo | Amabhamuza nokuvuvukala emehlweni, okwenza kube nzima ukuvula amehlo. |
| Ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuchama | Ubuhlungu obukhulu ngesikhathi sokuchama ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwama-mucous membranes. |
Izimbangela eziyinhloko kanye nezinhlobo zemithi engabangela i-SJS
Imbangela eyinhloko ye-SJS ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba nomuthi othile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akwenzeki kuzo zonke izidakamizwa. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ibangele i-SJS.
| Isizathu | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukungezwani nemithi | Lokhu kuyimbangela yeningi lamacala e-SJS kanye ne-TEN. |
| Izifo | Ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, kungabangelwa izifo ezifana ne-Mycoplasma pneumonia, i-Herpes, kanye ne-Hepatitis A. |
| Ezinye izizathu | Isifo se-graft-versus-host, inkinga eyenzeka ngemva kokufakelwa umnkantsha, imijovo (engavamile kakhulu), futhi ngezinye izikhathi akukho sizathu esingatholakala. |
Izidakamizwa ezinengozi ephezulu yokubangela i-SJS
- Imithi ye-sulfa elwa namagciwane: Ezinye izinhlobo zama-antibiotic.
- Imithi yokulwa nesifo sokuwa: Isibonelo, imithi efana ne-`Phenytoin (Dilantin®)`, `Carbamazepine (Tegretol®)`, `Lamotrigine (Lamictal®)`, `Phenobarbital (Luminal®)`.
- I-Allopurinol: Umuthi osetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-gout kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamatshe ezinso (`Aloprim®`, `Zyloprim®`).
- Ama-Painkiller (ama-NSAID): Ama-painkiller angewona ama-steroidal njenge-`Piroxicam (Feldene®)`, `Diclofenac (Cambia®, Flector®)`. Eminye imithi efana ne-`Nevirapine (Viramune®)`.
- Amanye Ama-antibiotic: Ezinye izinhlobo zama-antibiotic nazo zingabangela lokhu.
Okubalulekile: Akuwona wonke umuntu ozothola i-SJS ngemithi ebhalwe lapha. Izigidi zabantu ziyayisebenzisa. Kodwa-ke, le mithi itholakale inengozi ephezulu yokuthola i-SJS. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi enqunywe udokotela ngokusekelwe kulesi sihloko.
Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo
Uma wena noma othile omaziyo eba nezimpawu ezingenhla, ikakhulukazi uma usanda kuqala umuthi omusha, kubalulekile ukuya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha .
Odokotela baxilonga lesi sifo ngokuthi:
- Ngokuhlola isikhumba sakho kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila (njengomlomo, amehlo).
- Ngokubuza ngezinga lobuhlungu obuzwayo.
- Ngokubheka izinga lapho izimpawu zesikhumba zisakazeka khona nokuthi zisakazeke kangakanani.
- Uma kudingeka, kungathathwa ingcezu encane yesikhumba futhi ihlolwe (i-skin biopsy).
Ukwelashwa kwe-SJS
Imigomo eyinhloko yokwelashwa kwe-SJS ukuvimba umuthi obangele lesi sifo, ukulawula izimpawu, ukuvimbela izinkinga, nokusiza isikhumba ukuba silulame. Ukulaliswa esibhedlela kuyimpoqo kulokhu.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zibalwe ngezansi:
| Indlela yokwelapha | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuyekiswa komuthi obangela | Lesi isinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu. Umuthi okusolwa ukuthi ubangela i-SJS uyamiswa ngokushesha. |
| Ukunikeza uketshezi nosawoti emzimbeni | Ukuxebuka kwesikhumba kubangela ukuthi kulahleke uketshezi oluningi emzimbeni, ngakho-ke uketshezi lwe-IV lusetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngoketshezi oludingekayo kanye nama-electrolyte. |
| Ukwelashwa kwesikhumba | Isikhumba esilimele simbozwe ngezingubo ezikhethekile ezinganamatheli, njengokwelapha ukusha. |
| Ukuhlinzeka ngokudla okunempilo | Kunzima ukudla ngenxa yezilonda emlonyeni. Njengoba kudinga amandla amaningi ukuphulukiswa, ukudla okunama-calorie amaningi kunikezwa ngepayipi elidluliselwa ekhaleni liye esiswini (ukuncelisa ngepayipi). |
| Ukulawula ubuhlungu | Lesi yisimo esibuhlungu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kunikezwa imithi enamandla yokubulala izinhlungu. |
| Isevisi yezokwelapha ekhethekile | Funa usizo kudokotela wesikhumba, futhi uma amehlo ethintekile, funa udokotela wamehlo. |
Izinkinga ze-SJS nemiphumela ngemva kokululama
I-SJS yisimo esibi kakhulu esingaholela ngisho nasekufeni. Cishe iziguli eziyi-10% ezine-SJS kanye neziguli ezifika ku- 50% ezinesimo esibi kakhulu, i-TEN, ziyafa. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokufa yizinkinga ezinkulu ezifana ne-sepsis, i-pneumonia, kanye nokwehluleka kwezitho eziningi.
Ngisho noma lesi sifo selaphekile, abanye abantu bangase babe nemiphumela yesikhathi eside.
- Izinguquko zesikhumba: Isikhumba esomile, ukulunywa, ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba.
- Izinkinga zamehlo: amehlo omile, ukungakhululeki kwamehlo njalo, ukubona okufiphele, ubunzima bokubheka ukukhanya (i-photophobia).
- Okunye: Ukujuluka ngokweqile, ukulimala kwamaphaphu, ukulahleka kwezinzipho noma ukukhubazeka, ukulahleka kwezinwele, ukuphazamiseka kokunambitha.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma uphinde wachayeka emuthini obangele i-SJS, okwesibili isimo singaba sibi kakhulu kunesokuqala. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula igama lomuthi obangele i-SJS kanye nemithi efanayo impilo yakho yonke nokwazisa bonke odokotela obabonayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) iwukusabela kwesikhumba okubi kakhulu, okusongela impilo, okuvame ukubangelwa umuthi.
- Izimpawu zokuqala zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba, kodwa kamuva kuqhubekela phambili kube amabala abomvu abuhlungu esikhumbeni, amabhamuza, kanye nesikhumba esixebukayo.
- Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ngemuva kokuqala umuthi omusha, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.
- Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukuhlonza nokuyeka umuthi obangele lesi sifo, nokunikeza ukunakekelwa okusekelayo esibhedlela.
- Khumbula igama lomuthi owabangela i-SJS yakho impilo yakho yonke bese wazisa udokotela wakho ngakho njalo uma uya kokwelashwa. Lokhu kungasindisa impilo yakho.
💬 Comments (0)
Awekho amazwana athunyelwe okwamanje. Faka amazwana akho lapha okokuqala ngqa.
Engeza amazwana akho