Uma uzwa igama elithi i-anthrax , cishe ucabanga ngento ethile evela ebhayisikobho yaseHollywood noma indaba eyesabekayo ezindabeni. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane uma uzwa leli gama. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi, lesi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu ezweni lethu kanye nasemhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu. Ngakho ake sibone ukuthi iyini i-anthrax nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani kuyo.
Iyini ngempela i-Anthrax?
Kalula nje, i-anthrax ukutheleleka okubangelwa yibhaktheriya. Ibangelwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elibizwa ngokuthi `i-Bacillus anthracis` . Leli bhaktheriya linekhono elimangalisayo. Okusho ukuthi, lingaphila iminyaka eminingi ezindaweni ezifana nomhlabathi noboya bezilwane ngokwakha igobolondo elikhethekile elivikelayo elibizwa ngokuthi ama-spores ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezimbi.
Cabanga ngakho njengebhaktheriya elilele. Uma lingena emzimbeni wethu, lithola indawo enhle. Bese ijazi le-spore liyaphuka, amabhaktheriya avuke, bese eqala ukwanda. Bese amabhaktheriya akhiqiza ubuthi obuyingozi emizimbeni yethu. Izimpawu zibangelwa yilawo buthi.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-anthrax ayisona isifo esingadluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuthola lesi sifo ngokuthinta isiguli esine-anthrax, ukuthinta into esiyisebenzise, noma ukukhuluma naso.
Sithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Lesi sifo sivame ukubonakala ezilwaneni zasemapulazini njengezinkomo, izimbuzi, nezimvu. Ingozi yokuthi abantu bathole lesi sifo iphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lawa ma-spores amagciwane angadluliselwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ngenxeba lesikhumba: Uma into equkethe ama-spores ebhaktheriya, njengenhlabathi, uboya bezilwane, noma isikhumba, ithintana nomkrwelo noma inxeba esikhumbeni. Lena yindlela evame kakhulu yokuthola i-anthrax.
- Ngokuphefumula: Ngokuphefumula ama-spores aphuma emoyeni. Lena yindlela eyingozi kakhulu futhi enzima kakhulu .
- Ngokudla ngendlela yokudla: Ngokudla inyama engaphekiwe kahle engcoliswe yizinhlayiya.
- Ngokujova izidakamizwa: Lesi sifo sibikwe naphakathi kwabantu abajova izidakamizwa ezifana ne-heroin engahlanzekile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.
Esimweni sethu eSri Lanka, labo abasebenza emapulazini, abasebenza eduze nemfuyo, futhi ababandakanyeka embonini yokushunqa izikhumba zezilwane basengozini enkulu.
Ziyini izimpawu? Ukubona kanjani lokhu?
Izimpawu ze-anthrax zincike endleleni ama-spores ebhaktheriya angena ngayo emzimbeni, futhi kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lwe-Anthrax | Izimpawu ezibalulekile |
|---|---|
| Ngesikhumba (i-Cutaneous Anthrax) (Uhlobo oluvame ukubonakala) |
|
| Ngomsele wokudla (i-Gastrointestinal Anthrax) |
|
| I-Anthrax Yokuphefumula (Uhlobo olwesabekayo) |
|
| I-Anthrax Yomjovo |
|
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma usola ngisho nokuncane ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yi-anthrax , noma ngabe awunazo izimpawu , bona udokotela ngokushesha. Noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
Isibonelo, uma usebenza nezilwane bese uqaphela ngokuzumayo isilonda esimnyama esingavamile, esingenabuhlungu esikhumbeni sakho, ungasinaki.
Uma udokotela wakho ekuxilonga futhi esola ukuthi ungaba ne-anthrax, uzoyala ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola igazi ukuze uthole ama-antibodies ngokumelene namagciwane e-anthrax noma ubuthi obukhiqizwa yila magciwane.
- Ukuhlola isampula yesikhumba: Uma kukhona isilonda sesikhumba, kuthathwa isampula encane bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
- I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan: Uma kusolwa ukuthi i-anthrax yokuphefumula iyatholakala.
- Ukuhlolwa kwendle: Uma kusolwa ukuthi ukutheleleka kubangelwa umsele wokudla.
- I-Spinal Tap: Ukuhlolwa okuthatha inani elincane loketshezi (uketshezi lomgogodla) emgogodleni uma kusolwa ukuthi une-meningitis.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
I-anthrax iyisifo esingelapheka ngokuphelele uma sitholakale futhi selashwa kusenesikhathi. Ukulibazisa ukwelashwa kuyingozi kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ama-antibiotic . Kuye ngobukhulu besifo, le mithi ingadinga ukuthathwa izinsuku ezingafika kwezingu-60. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukulaliswa esibhedlela futhi ama-antibiotic anikezwa nge-intravenously (IV) nge-saline.
Ngezinye izikhathi, uhlobo oluthile lomuthi olubizwa ngokuthi i-antitoxin lunikezwa ukuze kuncishiswe ubuthi obukhiqizwa yibhaktheriya emzimbeni.
Ingabe ukhona umuthi wokugomela lokhu?
Yebo, kukhona umuthi wokugomela i-anthrax. Kodwa awusiwo umuthi wokugomela umphakathi jikelele. Lo muthi wokugomela unikezwa kuphela abantu abasengozini enkulu kakhulu . Lokho kusho ukuthi:
- Abantu abasebenza emalabhorethri anebhaktheriya le-anthrax.
- Abanye abantu babandakanyeka ezimbonini eziphathelene nezikhumba zezilwane noboya.
- Izikhulu zempi kwamanye amazwe.
Ngakho-ke, umuntu ovamile akudingeki akhathazeke ngalo muthi wokugoma.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-anthrax igciwane elingavamile elingadluliselwa lisuka ezilwaneni. Alidluliselwa lisuka kumuntu liye komunye.
- Lesi sifo singadluliselwa ngezilonda zesikhumba, ukuphefumula, noma ukudla okungcolile. Uhlobo lokuphefumula yilona oluyingozi kakhulu.
- Uma usebenza nezilwane futhi ubona izimpawu ezifana ne-anthrax (ikakhulukazi isilonda esimnyama esikhumbeni), bona udokotela ngokushesha, ungalindi kuze kuvele izimpawu.
- Lesi yisifo esingelapheka ngokuphelele uma sitholakale kusenesikhathi futhi selashwa ngama-antibiotic. Landela njalo imiyalelo kadokotela wakho.
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