Iningi lethu livame ukubhekana nezinkinga ezifana nesilungulela, ukungagayi kahle kokudla, kanye ne-gastritis, akunjalo? Sivame ukuzama ukwenza ikhambi lasekhaya lalesi sifo, noma siphuze iphilisi elincane ukuze sicindezele ubuhlungu. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimpawu, esicabanga ukuthi zincane, empeleni zingaba uphawu lokuqala lwesimo esibucayi kakhulu, okungukuthi umdlavuza wesisu. Ungakhathazeki, akuzona zonke izinkinga zesisu eziwumdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu kithi ukuqaphela lokhu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngomdlavuza wesisu, noma 'umdlavuza wesisu'.
Kalula nje, uyini umdlavuza wesisu?
Umdlavuza wesisu yilapho amangqamuzana esiswini sethu, okungukuthi, esiswini, eqala ukukhula ngokungalawuleki. Njengokhula, lawa mangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukana ngokushesha futhi asakazeke, abhubhise amangqamuzana anempilo.
Lo mdlavuza ungakhula noma kuphi esiswini. Kodwa uvame kakhulu endaweni lapho ukudla esikudlayo kuhamba khona, emhubheni, lapho uxhumana khona nesisu. Lesi simo sivame ukuqala engxenyeni engaphakathi yodonga lwesisu. Sikhula kancane ekuqaleni. Kodwa uma singelashwa, la maseli omdlavuza angakhula ndawonye akhe isimila , akhule ajule odongeni lwesisu, futhi asakazeke (asakazeke) ezithweni eziseduze njengesibindi kanye ne-pancreas.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
Nakuba noma ubani angaba nomdlavuza wesisu, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane.
- Kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65: Njengoba sikhula, amangqamuzana emizimba yethu angase ashintshe kakhulu.
- Kwabesilisa: Amadoda anamathuba amancane okuthola lesi sifo kunabesifazane.
- Amanye amaqembu ezinhlanga: Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, njengeMpumalanga Yurophu. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yezindlela zokudla kanye nethonya lezakhi zofuzo.
Kudingeka sikhathazeke ngalesi sifo emazweni afana neSri Lanka. Umdlavuza wesisu ungenye yezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo? Ungasibona kanjani?
Inselele enkulu lapha ukuthi umdlavuza wesisu uvame ukungabi nazimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala . Ngezinye izikhathi, umdlavuza ungase ube usuvele uthuthukile ngesikhathi izimpawu zivela. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.
Zicabange uzizwa usuthi ngemva kokudla, noma unomuzwa wokushisa esiswini sakho. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "i-gastritis." Kodwa uma lezi zinto ziqhubeka zenzeka, futhi uma wehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu , ungakuzibi. Lezo yizimpawu ezimbili zokuqala zomdlavuza wesisu.
Ake sifunde kabanzi ngalezi zimpawu kusukela kuthebula elingezansi.
| Isibonakaliso | Kuzwakala kanjani lokhu? |
|---|---|
| Isifiso sokudla | Ulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla. Ngisho nokudla obukujabulela kudala kuyaba kubi. |
| Ubunzima bokugwinya | Kuzwakala sengathi umphimbo wami ubambekile uma ngigwinya ukudla. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu | Uzokwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kokushintsha indlela odla ngayo noma ovivinya ngayo umzimba. |
| Ubuhlungu besisu | Ngizwa ubuhlungu obungapheli kanye nokungakhululeki esiswini esingaphezulu, ngaphezu kwenkinobho yesisu sami. |
| Ukuzizwa usuthi ngisho nangemva kokudla kancane | Ngisho noma ngidla into encane njengelayisi elincane noma ibhisikidi, isisu sami sizizwa sigcwele kakhulu. |
| Ukuvuvukala kwesisu kanye nokungagayi kahle kokudla | Ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo okufana ne-gastritis kanye nokungagayeki kahle kokudla. |
| Isicanucanu nokuhlanza | Ngizizwa nginesicanucanu ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuhlanza. |
| Indle emnyama noma ukuhlanza igazi | Lesi yisibonakaliso esibi kakhulu.Uma indle yakho iba mnyama njengetha noma uhlanza igazi, bona udokotela ngokushesha. |
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Lezi zimpawu zivame ukubonakala kwezinye izifo, njenge-gastritis kanye nezilonda zesisu. Ngakho-ke ungesabi uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela lezi zimpawu.
Kungani umdlavuza wesisu ukhula? Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Umdlavuza wesisu uqala lapho kwenzeka ushintsho lwezakhi zofuzo ku-DNA yamaseli esiswini. Kalula nje, imiyalelo etshela amaseli ukuthi "ahlukane nini nokuthi afe nini" iyaphambuka. Khona-ke lawo maseli ahlukana ngokungalawuleki abe ngumdlavuza.
Nakuba imbangela eqondile yalolu shintsho lwezakhi zofuzo ingakatholakali, kunezici eziningana eziye zatholakala ezikhulisa ingozi yomdlavuza.
- *I-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)* Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane: Lokhu kuyimbangela enkulu yomdlavuza wesisu. La magciwane ahlala esiswini sethu futhi angalimaza udonga lwesisu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okubangela i-gastritis, izilonda zesisu, futhi ekugcineni umdlavuza.
- Isifo se-Gastritis kanye nesifo se-gastroesophageal reflux (GERD): Isifo se-gastritis sesikhathi eside kanye nezimo ezibangela i-asidi yesisu ukuthi ibuyele emgudwini womchamo zingabangela izinguquko emaseli odongeni lwesisu.
- Ukudla okungenampilo: Abantu abadla njalo ukudla okunosawoti, okunamafutha, okubhemayo, nokufakwe usawoti basengozini enkulu. Futhi, ukudla izithelo nemifino embalwa kwandisa ingozi.
- Ukubhema notshwala: Amakhemikhali akugwayi aya ngqo esiswini futhi alimaze amangqamuzana. Kunjalo nangokuphuza utshwala obuningi.
- Umlando womndeni: Uma othile emndenini wakho (umama, ubaba, umfowenu noma udadewabo) eke waba nomdlavuza wesisu, nawe ungase ube sengozini.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile: Izinguquko zama-hormone kanye nezimo zokuvuvukala okubangelwa amafutha amaningi emzimbeni kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza.
- Izifo ezithile zofuzo: Abantu abanezifo zofuzo ezingavamile kakhulu, ezizuzwe njenge-*Lynch syndrome* kanye ne-*Li-Fraumeni syndrome* nabo basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wesisu.
- Uhlobo lwegazi: Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi A batholwe benengozi enkulu kancane yokuthola lo mdlavuza, kodwa isizathu salokhu asikacaci.
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga lesi sifo?
Uma unezimpawu ezishiwo ngaphambilini, udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga futhi akuthumelele lezi zivivinyo uma kudingeka.
- I-Endoscopy (I-Endoscopy Ephezulu):Lolu wuhlolo olubaluleke kakhulu nolunembile lokuxilonga umdlavuza wesisu. Kulolu hlolo, kufakwa ipayipi elincane, eliguquguqukayo elinekhamera enamathiselwe ngomlomo bese kuhlolwa umphimbo, isisu, bese kuhlolwa ingxenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancane. Uma kukhona indawo esolisayo, kudluliswa ithuluzi elincane ngepayipi bese kuthathwa ingcezu encane yezicubu (i-biopsy) bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze kuhlolwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- I-Endoscopic Ultrasound: Lokhu kufana ne-endoscopy, kodwa futhi kusebenzisa isithwebuli se-ultrasound kanye nekhamera. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani odongeni lwesisu.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Radiologic:
- I-CT Scan: Lokhu kungathatha izithombe zomzimba ezihlukaniswe izingxenye ukuze kutholakale ubukhulu bomdlavuza nokuthi ngabe ususakazekele kwezinye izitho zomzimba.
- Ukugwinya kweBarium: Kulolu vivinyo, kugwinywa uketshezi olubizwa ngokuthi i-barium. Uma lolu ketshezi lusetshenziswa odongeni lwesisu, i-X-ray ingathathwa ukuze kubonakale kahle ukuma kanye nokukhubazeka kwesisu.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Lokhu kungabona ukuthi umdlavuza uthinte ezinye izitho zomzimba, njengesibindi, noma ukuthi kukhona yini i-anemia.
- I-Laparoscopy: Kwezinye izimo, uma ama-scan engakwazi ukunquma ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani, lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenziwa. Kule nqubo, kwenziwa izimbobo eziningana ezincane esiswini, kufakwa ikhamera, bese izitho zomzimba zihlolwa ngqo.
Uma lezi zivivinyo ziqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona umdlavuza, udokotela uzonquma isigaba sawo. Kunezigaba kusukela ku-0 kuya ku-IV (ezine). Esigabeni sokuqala (Isigaba 0), umdlavuza usengqimbeni engaphezulu yodonga lwesisu kuphela. Isigaba IV sisho ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele ezithweni ezikude. Ukwelashwa kunqunywa ngokusekelwe kulesi sigaba.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wesisu?
Uhlelo lokwelashwa luncike esigabeni somdlavuza, impilo yakho iyonke, kanye nezintandokazi zakho. Ngokuvamile, udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza kanye nodokotela wezifo zamathumbu basebenzisana ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelashwa olungcono kakhulu kuwe.
Ukuhlinzwa
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko komdlavuza wesisu ukususa umdlavuza ngokuhlinzwa.
- I-Endoscopy: Uma umdlavuza usesigabeni sawo sokuqala, okungukuthi, ebusweni bodonga lwesisu, ingxenye yomdlavuza ingasikwa futhi isuswe ngesikhathi se-endoscopy.
- Ukususwa kwengxenye noma sonke isisu (i-Gastrectomy): Uma umdlavuza ususakazeke wajula odongeni lwesisu, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe ingxenye yesisu equkethe umdlavuza (i-subtotal gastrectomy) noma isisu sonke (i-total gastrectomy). Uma isisu sonke sisusiwe, udokotela ohlinzayo uzoxhumanisa umphimbo wakho ngqo emathunjini amancane.Ungakhathazeki, noma isisu sakho sisusiwe ngokuphelele, usengadla ngendlela evamile, kodwa awukwazi ukudla okuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, kufanele udle kancane izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha
Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziswa ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa noma kanye nokuhlinzwa.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza umzimba imithi ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa ukunciphisa isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, noma ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu (njenge-X-ray) ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kuvame ukunikezwa kanye ne-chemotherapy.
- Ukwelashwa Ngemithi Eqondiwe: Le mithi ihlasela futhi ihlasele ubuthakathaka obuthile emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza ngaphandle kokulimaza amangqamuzana avamile.
- Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy: Lokhu kuhilela ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wethu ukuze aqaphele futhi abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Palliative: Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abayiqondi kahle. Ukunakekelwa kwe-palliative akuyona into enikezwa ekupheleni kokwelashwa. Kuyisevisi ekhethekile yezokwelapha enikezwa ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kwesiguli ngokulawula ukungakhululeki okufana nobuhlungu, isicanucanu, nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla okubangelwa yilesi sifo ngenkathi umdlavuza welashwa.
Ingabe umdlavuza wesisu ungelapheka? Ungavinjelwa kanjani?
Yebo, kungakwenza ngempela! Umdlavuza wesisu ungelapheka ngokuphelele uma utholakala kusenesikhathi . Yingakho sithi ungawunaki ngisho nezimpawu ezincane. Uma umdlavuza uqhubeka kakhulu, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuwulapha. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ulwazi olunembile ngesimo sakho.
Nakuba umdlavuza ungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi.
- Yelapha ukutheleleka kwe-H. pylori: Uma unesifo sohudo, cela udokotela wakho ukuthi akuhlolele ukutheleleka kwe-H. pylori. Uma kunjalo, yelapha ukutheleleka ngama-antibiotic afanele.
- Ukudla okunempilo:
- Faka izithelo nemifino emisha ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Amawolintshi, amagilebhisi, nemifino eluhlaza, ecebile ngevithamini C, kumnandi kakhulu.
- Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla okunosawoti, okunamafutha, okugciniwe, okubhenyiwe (njengemasoseji, ubhekeni) kanye nenyama ebomvu (inyama yenkomo, ingulube).
- Yeka ukubhema ngokuphelele: Uma ubhema, yeka namuhla. Kuwusizo olukhulu kakhulu ongalwenza.
- Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Zama ukugcina isisindo esinempilo ngobude bakho. Ukuzivocavoca njalo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma uqhubeka nokuba nezimpawu ezifana nokuvuvukala kwesisu, ubuhlungu besisu, kanye nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla ocabanga ukuthi kuyisifo esivamile se-gastritis, ikakhulukazi uma wehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu, ungachithi isikhathi ubone udokotela.
- Ukwelashwa okufanele kokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya i -H. pylori , okuyimbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wesisu, kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi.
- Ukugwema ukubhema, ukulandela ukudla okunempilo, nokugcina isisindo esinempilo kusiza ngqo ekunciphiseni ingozi yomdlavuza.
- Umdlavuza wesisu uyisifo esingelapheka ngokuphelele uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi. Ngakho-ke ungesabi, futhi funa iseluleko sezokwelapha uma unokungabaza.
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