Ake sithole ukuthi iyini ngempela le gciwane eliyingozi elibizwa ngokuthi "i-Superbug"?

Cishe uke wezwa othile ekhuluma ngalezi "zimbungulu ezinkulu" ephephandabeni, ku-TV, noma mathupha? Uma uzwa leli gama, likwenza wesabe kancane, akunjalo? Lisho ukuthini elithi "superbug"? Ingabe lokhu kuyingozi ngempela? Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Iyini "i-superbug"? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, "i-superbug" uhlobo lwegciwane elingamelani nemithi esiyinikezayo yokwelapha isifo, ikakhulukazi ama-antibiotic, futhi elingenakuqothulwa kalula. Lawa abizwa nangokuthi "amagciwane angamelana nemithi eminingi," okusho ukuthi angamelana nezinhlobo eziningi zemithi.

Cabanga nje, unesifo samagciwane bese udokotela ekunika umuthi. Ngokuvamile, umuthi uyawabulala amagciwane. Kodwa, uma lolu uhlobo "lwe-superbug" lwamagciwane, "luye lwajwayelana" nomuthi. Ngakho-ke noma ngabe uwunika wona, ngeke ufe. Yilapho inkinga iqala khona. Kufana nokuthi lapho siya empini, isitha sisuke silungiselelwe kusengaphambili izikhali esizisebenzisayo.

Lezi "superbugs" zivame ukutholakala kumabhaktheriya . Okusho ukuthi, ngokuvamile zingamabhaktheriya aguqukele ekubeni amelane nezinhlobo eziningana zama-antibiotic. Kodwa-ke, ezinye isikhunta zingaba "superbugs" ezimelana nemithi yokukhunta.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani odokotela behlala bethi, "Thatha ama-antibiotic njengoba nje uyalelwe, isikhathi esifanele," nokuthi "Ungawathathi ama-antibiotic uma ungawadingi"? Isizathu esiyinhloko salokho ukuvimbela ukukhula kwalezi "zimbungulu ezinkulu."

Uma amagciwane evezwa ngokuphindaphindiwe kuma-antibiotic, athola izindlela ezintsha zokuwagwema. Kufana nesela elilinde ukusihlasela nsuku zonke njengoba sihamba emgwaqweni ofanayo. Ngakho-ke, uma "i-superbug" emelana nemithi eminingi ingangena emizimbeni yethu, ingaba yingozi empilweni, futhi ingelapheki.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu "ze-superbugs"?

Nakuba noma yimaphi amabhaktheriya angaba nokumelana nama-antibiotic, ezinye izinhlobo zamabhaktheriya zivame ukuba "ama-superbugs." Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• `I-Staphylococcus aureus` (isibonelo i-MRSA – i-Staphylococcus aureus engamelana ne-methicillin)
• Ama-Enterobacteriale Amelana ne-Carbapenem ( CREs ) kanye namanye ama-Enterobacteriale angamelani nemithi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amabhaktheriya afana ne-Klebsiella pneumoniae, i-E. coli, i-Salmonella, kanye ne-Shigella.
• `I-Neisseria gonorrhoeae` (ibhaktheriya ebangela i-gonorrhea)
• `Pseudomonas aeruginosa`
• `Acinetobacter baumannii`
• I-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ibhaktheriya ebangela isifo sofuba )
• I-Streptococcus pneumoniae (amabhaktheriya abangela isifo se-pneumococcal)
• `I-Campylobacter`
• `I-Mycoplasma genitalium`
• I-Bordetella pertussis (ibhaktheriya ebangela ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo)

Phakathi kwezifo ezibangelwa yisikhunta, i-Candida auris kanye ne-Aspergillus fumigatus nazo zingaba "ama-superbugs".

Kodwa khumbula lokhu: ukuthi nje utheleleke ngegciwane kulolu hlu akusho ukuthi usuthole "igciwane eliyingozi kakhulu." Kunezinhlobo zala magciwane ezingamelani nemithi, kanye nezinhlobo ezifile ezizwela imithi.

Ziyini izimpawu zokutheleleka "nge-superbug"?

Izimpawu zokutheleleka "okuyi-superbug" zingahluka kuye ngokuthi ukuphi emzimbeni wakho ukutheleleka. Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Imfiva
• Ukugodola
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba, noma indawo yesikhumba ebomvu, eshintsha umbala, ebuhlungu, evuvukele, noma egcwele ubomvu noma uketshezi.
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma besisu (isisu)
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile noma ukozela (`Ukudinwa`)
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha noma amalunga
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi
• Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo (i-Tachycardia)
• I-Hypothermia (izinga lokushisa eliphansi lomzimba)

Lezi zimpawu zingabangelwa hhayi nje "ama-superbugs" kodwa futhi nezinye izifo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, uma unalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma zingathuthuki ngokwelashwa, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Zivela kanjani lezi "zimbungulu ezinkulu"?

Kunezizathu eziningi ezenza ukuthi "ama-superbug" abe namandla okumelana nemithi. Ngezinye izikhathi, kuyinto eyenzeka ngokwemvelo. Okusho ukuthi, ayashintsha ukuze ahlale ndawonye nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, amabhaktheriya noma isikhunta athuthukisa izindlela zokuzivikela zokuvimba noma ukubhubhisa ama-antibiotic noma imithi yokukhunta.

Ikakhulukazi ezibhedlela nakwezinye izindawo zokunakekelwa kwempilo, amabhaktheriya angaba namandla okumelana nama-antibiotic avame ukusetshenziswa odokotela. "Ama-superbugs" amaningi akhula kulezi zindawo. Ngisho nokusetshenziswa kahle kwama-antibiotic, lokhu kungaba nzima ukukuvimbela.

Amabhaktheriya angadlulisela izakhi zofuzo zawo zokumelana ('amajini amelana') kwamanye amabhaktheriya asevele ekhona. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukudluliselwa kwezakhi zofuzo okuvundlile'. Futhi, angasinda kuma-antibiotic, azale, futhi adlulisele izakhi zofuzo zawo (kanye nekhono lokumelana) kwabanye.

"I-superbug" isithelela kanjani?

Ungathola "i-superbug" ngalezi zindlela:

• Ngokuthintana ngqo nomuntu othelelekile noma ohlala ekoloni. Abanye abantu ngokwemvelo baphatha amabhaktheriya noma isikhunta "esiyingozi kakhulu" emizimbeni yabo noma ngaphakathi, kodwa abaguli. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukubuswa kwekoloni.' Uma uphethe igciwane ngale ndlela, ungalidlulisela kwabanye, futhi nabo bangagula.
• Ngokuthinta izinto noma izindawo ezingcoliswe amagciwane.
• Ngokwabelana ngezinto ezingcolisiwe nabanye. Isibonelo, imibhede, izingubo, imishini yezokwelapha noma yezemidlalo, amathawula, izinsila zokuchela, noma izitsha zokudlela.
• Imishini yezokwelapha kanye namadivayisi ezokwelapha angcolile emzimbeni wakho (isb., umugqa ophakathi wemithambo noma ipayipi lokuphefumula).
• Kusukela ekudleni noma emanzini angcolile kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi engaphekiwe.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola ukutheleleka "nge-superbug"?

Ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuthola ukutheleleka "okuyingozi kakhulu" uma:

• Uma unomugqa ophakathi wemithambo yegazi, ipayipi lokuphefumula, ipayipi lokudla, noma elinye ipayipi noma idivayisi efakwe emzimbeni wakho, lokhu kungavumela "i-superbug" ukuthi ingene emzimbeni wakho isuka ngaphandle.
• Uma usuthathe ama-antibiotic isikhathi eside noma uwasebenzisa njalo, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kuma-antibiotic kwandisa amathuba okuba ama-bacteria athole ukumelana nawo. Kungabulala nama-bacteria "amahle" (angenabungozi) emzimbeni wakho. Lawa ma-bacteria "amahle" yiwo avimbela amanye ama-bacteria ukuba angakhuli ngendlela engalawuleki futhi abangele ukutheleleka.
• Uma unesifo esiyimfihlo esenza amasosha omzimba wakho abe buthaka, njengokutheleleka nge-HIV, umdlavuza wegazi, noma isifo sikashukela, noma uma uke wafakelwa isitho noma wafakelwa i-stem cell. Lezi zimo zenza kube nzima ngomzimba wakho ukulwa nezifo.
• Uma ulaliswe esibhedlela isikhathi eside noma esikhungweni sokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside, "ama-superbugs" amaningi atholakala ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Yiziphi izinkinga "ze-superbugs"?

Uma odokotela bengakwazi ukulawula ukutheleleka ngokushesha, kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Izibonelo:

• I-Sepsis kanye ne-septic shock (impendulo enzima ekuthelelekeni okubangela umfutho wegazi ophansi, ukulimala kwezicubu, kanye nokwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba).
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula.
• Ukulahlekelwa yizitho ezinegciwane (ukunqunywa kwemilenze).

Lezi yizimo eziyingozi ngempela, akunjalo? Yingakho kudingeka sikhathazeke kakhulu "ngama-superbugs."

Ungazibona kanjani "ama-superbugs"?

Uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka futhi zingabi ngcono ngokwelashwa, udokotela wakho angase acabange ukuthi une-"superbug." Bazobheka amabhaktheriya nesikhunta kumasampula oketshezi lomzimba noma izicubu, noma bazame ukuwatshala. Lawa masampula angafaka:

• Igazi
• Umchamo
• Isihlalo
• Uketshezi noma izicubu ezithathwe esilondeni
• I-Phlegm (uketshezi oluvela emaphashini uma ukhwehlela - `I-Sputum`)

Uma unemishini yezokwelapha efakiwe emzimbeni wakho, noma uma usanda kulaliswa esibhedlela, tshela udokotela wakho ngalokho.

Ingabe ikhona ikhambi "lama-superbugs"?

Akukho muthi owodwa ongelapha "ama-superbugs." Yingakho eyingozi kangaka. Odokotela belapha "ama-superbugs" ngokuthola umuthi osebenza ngokumelene negciwane elithile elibangele ukutheleleka. Ungadinga inhlanganisela yemithi, njengezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-antibiotic, ukuze ulwe nokutheleleka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela belapha izifo zesikhumba ngokunakekela amanxeba avulekile. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukukhipha amanzi esilondeni nokususa izicubu ezinalesi sifo ngokuhlinzwa. Bangase futhi basuse amadivayisi ezokwelapha anegciwane, njengezitho zokufakelwa.

Ezinye izifo zesikhunta ezingamelani naso, njenge-Candida auris, zingelashwa ngemithi yokukhunta ebizwa ngokuthi i-echinocandins.

Kwenzekani uma uthola "i-superbug"?

Uma uthola "i-superbug," kungadingeka ukuthi welashwe isikhathi eside kunokulindelekile noma ngemithi engaphezu kweyodwa. Kwabanye abantu, ukutheleleka kungaba yingozi empilweni. Uma unesifo esibi noma esihlaselayo, uzolaliswa esibhedlela futhi welashwe ukuze izisebenzi zezempilo zikwazi ukukuqapha eduze.

Uma unesifo sesikhumba, udokotela wakho uzokwelapha amanxeba akho ngokususa uketshezi kuwo ngokuhlinzwa. Bangase bakunike nokhilimu wesikhumba noma ama-antibiotic omlomo.

Ungasinda yini ekuthelelekeni "nge-superbug"?

Yebo, abantu bayalulama ekuthelelekeni "nge-superbug". Kodwa-ke, ezifweni ezinzima noma ezithelelekeni ezisakazekela egazini, izinga lokufa liphezulu - kwezinye izimo lifinyelela ku-50%. Ngakho lokhu akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Uma unedivayisi yezokwelapha efakwe emzimbeni wakho noma uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthaka, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka okufanele uziqaphele. Uma unezimpawu ezisolisayo, bona udokotela wakho umtshele ngazo.

Ngisho noma usesibhedlela, kubalulekile ukugcina ukuxhumana okuhle nethimba lakho lezempilo. Uma ubhekene nezimpawu zokutheleleka, njengobuhlungu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okwandayo, ubuthakathaka, noma umkhuhlane, bazise.

Kufanele ngiye nini eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) ?

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ezinzima, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha:

• Uma umkhuhlane ungaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-40 (103 Fahrenheit).
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu.
• Ukuquleka.
• Ukudideka noma ukudideka.
• Ukwehla okungazelelwe komfutho wegazi (izimpawu: ubuthakathaka, isiyezi, ukuquleka).

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Kungaba usizo ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Ngingawuthatha kanjani umuthi wami?
• Ngingalindela nini ukuthi ngilulame?
• Ngithole kanjani lokhu kutheleleka?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngivimbele lolu hlobo lokutheleleka esikhathini esizayo?

Ingabe "ama-Superbugs" angavinjelwa?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa "kwezinambuzane ezinkulu" ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic kuphela uma kudingeka ngempela.

Kuneziqondiso okufanele zilandelwe ngabasebenzi bezempilo ukuze bavimbele ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ngokungadingekile. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela ongafaka isandla ngazo kulokhu:

• Thatha yonke imithi njengoba uyalelwe. Uma udokotela ekunike ama-antibiotic, thatha isikhathi esiphelele osinikwe wona, noma ngabe uzizwa uphilile. Ungayeki phakathi.
• Ungathathi ama-antibiotic ngaphandle kokuthi uwadinga. Iningi lomkhuhlane nezinye izifo zokuphefumula zibangelwa amagciwane. Ama-antibiotic ngeke awelaphe.

Sikunciphisa kanjani ukusabalala "kwezimbungulu ezinkulu"?

Izisebenzi zezempilo zilandela imithetho yokuphepha kanye nokuhlanzeka ukuze zinciphise ingozi yokutheleleka okutholakala esibhedlela (mhlawumbe "izimbungulu ezinkulu"). Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Geza izandla zakho njalo.
• Ukubulala amagciwane ezindaweni.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu banikezwa ama-antibiotic kuphela uma benesifo samagciwane.
• Ukubulala amagciwane kwemishini yezokwelapha.
• Ukuhlukaniswa (ukuhlukanisa) abantu abanezifo "ezinkulu" ukuze bagweme ukusabalala kwabanye.

Nakuba "ama-superbug" avamile ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo, angasakazeka ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Unganciphisa ingozi yakho "yama-superbug" ngokulandela imikhuba efanayo esiyilandelayo ukuze sizivikele ezifweni ezivamile ezithelelanayo:

• Gcina amanxeba ehlanzekile futhi emboziwe.
• Ungasebenzisi kabusha izinaliti (ngisho nezakho) ezisetshenziselwa ukujova imithi noma imithi engeyona eyezokwelapha.
• Geza izingubo zokulala, amathawula, nezingubo njalo ngezinga lokushisa lamanzi elifanele.
• Sebenzisa isibulali-magciwane ukuze usule izindawo ezivame ukuthintwa njengezibani, izilawuli ezikude, kanye nemishini yezemidlalo.
• Goma. Kunemithi yokugoma elwa nezinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane "ayizinambuzane ezinkulu" njenge-Bordetella pertussis (ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo) kanye ne-Streptococcus pneumoniae (isifo se-pneumococcal).
• Zijwayeze imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugeza izandla zakho kahle, ukugqoka izingubo ezihlanzekile nezomile, nokungabelani ngezinto zakho nabanye.
• Landela imikhuba yokudla ephephile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugcina ukudla ngendlela efanele, ukupheka inyama nenhlanzi kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa elibulala amagciwane, kanye nokugeza noma ukuxobula izithelo nemifino ngaphambi kokudla.
• Sebenzisa ikhondomu noma idamu lamazinyo ngesikhathi socansi.
• Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele ugcine isikhathi esingakanani imishini yezokwelapha (njenge-catheter) endaweni yayo, nokuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukutheleleka ngenkathi idivayisi isendaweni yayo.

Zivame kangakanani "ama-superbug"?

E-United States kuphela, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezintathu bagula ngezifo zamagciwane ezingamelani namagciwane minyaka yonke, futhi abangaphezu kuka-35,000 bayafa ngenxa yazo. Lolu songo luyakhula naseSri Lanka.

Yikuphi ukutheleleka okunzima kakhulu ukukwelapha?

Amabhaktheriya asebe nokumelana nemithi eminingi yiwona okunzima kakhulu ukuwaphatha. Izifo ezifana ne-MRSA kanye ne-CRE zivame ukumelana nama-antibiotic angaphezu kweyodwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola umuthi osebenzayo (noma inhlanganisela yemithi esebenza ndawonye) kungaba yinselele futhi kudle isikhathi.

Ngisho noma abantu bengakaqambi ama-antibiotic, "ama-superbug" asekhona - yileyo ndlela aphila ngayo emvelweni. Kodwa-ke, indlela esisebenzisa ngayo ama-antibiotic, ikakhulukazi uma siwaphuza ngokungadingekile, isheshisa ukukhula kwawo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

"I-superbug" uhlobo lwegciwane elingabangela izifo ezinkulu, okunzima ukuzelapha, futhi ezingase zisongele impilo. Uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka ngamagciwane noma isikhunta, ikakhulukazi uma usanda kuya esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sezempilo, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kunganciphisa ingozi yakho yokugula kakhulu.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu yile:

• Thatha ama-antibiotic kuphela uma unikezwe udokotela.
• Uma uthatha ama-antibiotic, thatha umthamo onqunyiwe isikhathi esinqunyiwe. Ungayeki phakathi.
• Ungaceli ama-antibiotic ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane njengomkhuhlane ovamile, ngeke akusize.
• Hlala uhlanzekile, ikakhulukazi ukugeza izandla.

Ukulandela lezi zinyathelo ezilula kuzosiza kakhulu ekusivikeleni sonke kulesi sitha esithule esibizwa ngokuthi "i-superbug." Ukuthatha lezi zinyathelo kubalulekile ukuvikela impilo yakho neyeyomphakathi.

i- superbug, ukumelana nama-antibiotic, ukumelana nemithi eminingi, izifo, ama-antibiotic, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta