Wake wacabanga ukuthi sinebutho elincane kodwa elinamandla kakhulu ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu lokulwa nezifo? Amaseli e-T ayingxenye ekhethekile yaleli butho elisivikela ezitheni ezifana namagciwane namagciwane ngaphandle kokuthi sazi. Lawa afana ngempela namaqhawe amancane emizimbeni yethu. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngala maqhawe amancane ngendlela elula.
Ayini ngempela ama-T cell?
Kalula nje, amaseli e-T awuhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazini lethu. Ngokwezokwelapha, abizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte. Lawa maseli, abizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte, adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela . Uhlelo lokuzivikela luhlelo lokuzivikela olulwa namagciwane, njengegciwane, amabhaktheriya, kanye nesikhunta, angena emizimbeni yethu. Akukhona lokho kuphela, lolu hlelo luphinde lusebenzele ukubhubhisa izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni, njengezicubu zomdlavuza.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamasosha ebuthweni lethu lama-lymphocyte. Lawa angama -T cell nama-B cell . Uma ehlangene, ayasivikela.
- Amaseli e-B: Lawa maseli enza amaprotheni akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies. Lawa ma-antibodies ayahamba futhi abhubhise amagciwane.
- Amaseli e-T: Lawa asebenza ngendlela ehlukile kancane. Amaseli e-T aya ngqo kumaseli ethu atheleleke ngamagciwane futhi abhubhise izinto ezifana namaseli omdlavuza. Athumela nezimpawu kwamanye amaseli ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba, ewatshela ukuthi, "Nansi indlela okufanele silwe ngayo."
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaseli e-T?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-T cell. Njengoba nje ibutho linebutho lokuhlasela kanye nesikhulu esiphethe. Ake sibone ukuthi bangobani.
| Uhlobo lweseli T | Umsebenzi Wabo Oyinhloko |
|---|---|
| Amaseli e-T abulalayo (amaseli e-T anobuthi) Lawa abizwa nangokuthi amaseli e-CD8+. | Laba yibo abaya ngqo empini. Bathola futhi babhubhise amangqamuzana ethu atheleleke ngamagciwane afana namagciwane namagciwane. Bahle futhi ekubhubhiseni amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Egameni elithi, "cyto" lisho iseli, kanti elithi "toxic" lisho ubuthi. Lokho kusho "ubuthi kumaseli." |
| Amaseli e-T osizo Lawa abizwa nangokuthi amaseli e-CD4+. | Azihambi ngqo zibulale amangqamuzana. Njengabaphathi bebutho, zithumela izimpawu kwamanye amangqamuzana. Lawa maseli e-T asizayo yiwo atshela amangqamuzana e-T abulalayo, amangqamuzana e-B, kanye nolunye uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elibizwa ngokuthi i-macrophage, "Nasi isitha, yile ndlela okufanele sihlasele ngayo." |
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, kukhona nama-T cell alawulayo . Umsebenzi wawo ukulawula umsebenzi wamanye ama-T cell lapho ukulwa sekuphelile noma lapho kudingeka. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngaphandle kwalokho ama-T cell ethu angahlasela amaseli ethu aphilile.
La maseli e-T asebenza kanjani?
Amaseli e-T ayingxenye yesimiso sokuzivikela esiguquguqukayo. Cabanga ngawo njengesistimu yokuzivikela ehlakaniphile ethuthuke kakhulu. Ahlala eqaphile izitha. Uma esebona isitha, ahlasela leso sitha ngendlela ethile.
Into emangalisayo ukuthi, iseli ngalinye le-T liklanyelwe ukulwa nohlobo olulodwa lwesitha, njenge-missile eyenzelwe umgomo owodwa kuphela.
Uma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela siqaphela isitha, sithola iseli le-T elithile elingabhubhisa leso sitha bese silibiza ukuba lisebenze. Lelo seli le-T libe selizenzela izinkulungwane zamakhophi alo. Amaseli e-T ajoyina le mpi abizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-effector . Lawa maseli e-effector yiwo abhubhisa isitha futhi asivikele ezifweni.
Amaseli e-T ayasivikela ngisho nangemva kokuba impi isiphelile. Amanye amaseli e-T, esikhundleni sokuba amaseli okuqala, aba amaseli enkumbulo . Lawa maseli enkumbulo awalwi. Kunalokho, akhumbula imininingwane yesitha. Uma isitha esifanayo sibuya emzimbeni, lawa maseli enkumbulo avumela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ukuba siqaphele ngokushesha futhi sihlasele ngecebo elifanayo elidala.
Iseli i-T lizilungiselela kanjani impi (lisebenza)?
Iseli i-T ayigcini nje ngokulwa. Kufanele isebenze kuqala. Kunezinyathelo eziningana kulokho.
1. Okokuqala, iseli elikhethekile elibizwa ngokuthi iseli eliveza i-antigen (APC) lithola ubufakazi besitha (isibonelo, ucezu lwegciwane) bese lilunamathisela esakhiweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) . Lokhu kufana nokuthatha isithombe samaphoyisa sesela bese usibeka ebhodini lokukhangisa. Amaseli e-T awakwazi ukubona isitha ngqo, angasibona kuphela uma sivezwa kule MHC.
2. Okulandelayo, iseli le-T liyangena bese libopha kule MHC. Kodwa akuwona wonke amaseli e-T angabopha kuyo yonke i-MHC. Amaseli e-T abulalayo (CD8+) angabopha kuphela ku-MHC yohlobo I. Amaseli e-T awusizo (CD4+) angabopha kuphela ku-MHC yohlobo II. Kufana nokufaniswa kwesihluthulelo nokukhiya.
3. Uma konke kuqondaniswe ngale ndlela, iseli le-T liyavulwa. Yilapho-ke liya empini. Lokhu kuqondana kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kuqinisekisa ukuthi iseli le-T elifanele leso sitha liya empini.
Akhiqizwa kuphi amaseli e-T emzimbeni wethu?
Umjikelezo wokuphila kwamaseli e-T ufana nohambo oluncane. Ezigabeni ezahlukene zalolo hambo, asezindaweni ezahlukene.
- Indawo Yokuzalwa - Umongo Wethambo: Izicubu ezithambile ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu, ezibizwa ngokuthi umongo wethambo, yilapho kuqala ukukhula khona amaseli e-T. Njengawo wonke amaseli egazi, amaseli e-T aqala njengamaseli e-hematopoietic stem .
- Isikole Sokuqeqesha - I-Thymus: Lawa maseli e-T angavuthiwe (abizwa ngokuthi ama-thymocyte) abe esehamba aye ku-thymus, isitho esisenhla maphakathi nesifuba sethu, ukuze aqeqeshwe. I-thymus ifana "nesikole sokuqeqesha ezempi" samaseli e-T. Lapha, ayahlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi angakwazi yini ukubopha kahle ku-MHC futhi angahlaseli amaseli ethu aphilile. Yilapho futhi athola khona "ikhadi lawo lobunikazi" - i-CD4 noma i-CD8. Amaseli e-T kuphela adlula kuzo zonke lezi zivivinyo akhishwa.
- Izinsimu Zomsebenzi - Izicubu Ze-Lymphatic kanye Negazi: Amaseli e-T aqeqeshwe kahle abe esehamba aye ohlelweni lwethu lwe-lymph, njenge-spleen, ama-tonsils, nama-lymph nodes. Amanye ajikeleza egazini. Kulapha lapho ehlala khona, elinde ukubizelwa esenzweni.
Cabanga nje, i-thymus gland yethu inkulu lapho sisebancane, futhi iyancipha kancane kancane njengoba siguga. Ngemva kweminyaka engaba ngu-20, ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli amasha e-T nakho kuncipha. Ngemva kwalokho, amasosha omzimba wethu athembele kakhulu ekwenzeni amakhophi amaseli amadala e-T.
Yiziphi izifo nezimo ezithinta amaseli e-T?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo ezithinta ukusebenza kwamaseli e-T. Lezi zingahlukaniswa kakhulu njengezifo ezibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba kanye nezinkinga zokuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba . Ezifweni ezibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba, amasosha omzimba ahlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana ethu aphilile. Izifo ezibangelwa ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba yizimo lapho amasosha omzimba eba buthakathaka khona.
Ezinye izimo ezingathinta amaseli e-T zifaka:
- I-acute lymphocytic leukemia: Uhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala egazini kanye nasemongweni wamathambo.
- I-lymphoma yabantu abadala i-Hodgkin:Uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi oluqala ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic.
- Ama-lymphoma e-T-cell: Umdlavuza oqala kuma-T cell.
- I-HIV (Igciwane Lokungakwazi Ukuzivikela Emzimbeni Womuntu): Leli gciwane lihlasela kakhulu amaseli ethu e-T asizayo (amaseli e-CD4+ T). Lokhu kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwesikhungo somyalo wesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba, okuholela kwi-AIDS.
- I-DiGeorge syndrome: Isimo sofuzo esivimbela umzimba ekukhiqizeni amaseli e-T anempilo anele.
- Ukuntuleka okukhulu kwamasosha omzimba okuhlangene (i-SCID): Iqembu lezifo ezingavamile zofuzo lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka kakhulu ngenxa yezinkinga ngamaseli e-T.
Kufanele libe yini inani elijwayelekile lamaseli e-T?
Uhla olujwayelekile lwamaseli e-T kumuntu omdala onempilo yilolu:
- Inani lamaseli e-CD4 (asizayo e-T): Phakathi kwamaseli angu-500 - 1,200 nge-cubic millimeter ngayinye.
- Inani lama-CD8 (amaseli e-T abulalayo): Phakathi kwamaseli angu-150 - 1,000 nge-cubic millimeter ngayinye.
Kodwa-ke, la manani angahluka kancane kuye ngelebhu ehlola igazi lakho. Ngakho-ke , kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ulwazi olunembile kakhulu mayelana namanani embikweni wakho.
Kusho ukuthini ukwehla kwamaseli e-T?
Inani eliphansi lamaseli e-T lisho ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi usengozini enkulu yokuthola amagciwane. Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zokuba khona kwenani eliphansi lamaseli e-T. Isibonelo, izifo zofuzo ezikhona lapho uzalwa, izifo ezitholakala kamuva, njenge-HIV, noma imithi ethile (njengokwelashwa komdlavuza) nazo zingabangela inani eliphansi lamaseli e-T.
Kusho ukuthini ukwandisa amaseli e-T?
Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwamaseli e-T akuvamile. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba ekhiqiza amaseli e-T amaningi kakhulu ukulwa nokutheleleka emzimbeni. Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza nazo zingabangela ukwanda kwamaseli e-T.
Singawandisa kanjani amandla amaseli ethu e-T?
Kunemithi ethile noma ukwelashwa okungasiza ekuqiniseni ama-T-cell, kodwa kufanele kuthathwe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngayo. Kodwa, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sigcine amasosha ethu omzimba eqinile ngokujwayelekile. Ngezinye izikhathi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela ama-T-cell ethu ukungawasebenzisi ngokweqile. Lokho kusho ukuthi ugweme amagciwane ngangokunokwenzeka futhi unakekele umzimba wakho kahle.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo .
- Thola yonke imijovo yakho ngesikhathi.
- Gwema utshwala nokubhema ngokuphelele.
- Lala kahle okungenani amahora angu-7-8 njalo ebusuku.
- Zivocavoce okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 ngesonto.
- Kangcono kakhulu ngangokunokwenzekaGeza izandla zakho ngensipho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amaseli e-T afana namasosha akhethekile ohlelweni lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu alwa namagciwane namaseli omdlavuza.
- Amaseli e-T anobuthi abhubhisa ngqo izitha, kuyilapho amaseli e-T asizayo elawula ukulwa.
- Ukwehla kwamaseli e-T kwenza umzimba ube sengozini enkulu yokutheleleka. Izifo ezifana ne-HIV zilimaza ngqo amaseli e-T asizayo.
- Ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukulala, ukuzivocavoca) kungagcina amasosha omzimba wakho eqinile.
- Uma unenkinga mayelana nenani lamaseli akho e-T noma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, umuntu ongcono kakhulu ongakhuluma naye ngakho udokotela wakho.
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