Wake wezwa umuntu ethi, "Ihlule legazi liyanamathela"? Lokhu kungaba yingozi kakhulu. Cabanga ngemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu njengohlelo lwamapayipi. Uma ihlule, elibizwa ngokuthi 'i-thrombus', lakha futhi linamathela noma kuphi kula mapayipi, ukugeleza kwegazi kuwo kuyama ngokuphelele. Uma lokhu kwenzeka emthanjeni omkhulu ohlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni, enhliziyweni, noma engalweni noma emlenzeni, leso sitho singalimala, mhlawumbe size sisongele impilo. Esimweni esiphuthumayo esinjalo, sizokhuluma ngokwelashwa okubaluleke kakhulu okungasindisa impilo namuhla.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Thrombectomy?
Ukususwa kwe-Thrombectomy inqubo yokususa ihlule legazi elinamathele komunye wemithambo yethu yegazi (imithambo noma imithambo) ngokuhlinzwa noma inqubo ekhethekile efanayo. Kufana nokususa ucezu lokungcola olunamathele epayipini lamanzi bese uvumela amanzi ukuba ageleze futhi.
Lawa mahlule egazi angakheka ezindaweni eziningi emizimbeni yethu. Avame ukutholakala emilenzeni, ezingalweni, emathunjini, ebuchosheni, emaphashini nasenhliziyweni. Ngezinye izikhathi la mahlule egazi kudingeka asuswe ngokushesha, kungakapheli amahora ambalwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, angabangela umonakalo ongapheli esithweni esithintekile noma abe yingozi empilweni.
Ubani ngempela odinga lokhu kwelashwa?
Ngokuvamile, lapho kwakheka ihlule legazi, kuba khona imithi enikezwayo ukuze ilincibilikise. Siyibiza ngokuthi ama-anticoagulants (ama-blood thinners) kanye nama-thrombolytics (imithi yokuncibilikisa ihlule legazi). Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, le mithi iyodwa ayikwazi ukususa ihlule, noma kunezimo lapho imithi ingatholakali khona. Yilapho odokotela benquma ukwenza i-Thrombectomy.
Lokhu kwelashwa kuyadingeka kakhulu ku:
- Uma kukhona ingozi yokulimala empilweni .
- Uma kukhona ingozi yokuthi ihlule legazi (i-thrombus) liphume endaweni yalo yokuqala bese lihamba ngegazi ukuze lihlale kwenye indawo emzimbeni (isibonelo, emaphashini) (i-embolus).
- Uma kukhona ingozi yokulimala unomphela esithweni noma ezicutshini ezifanele.
Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu ekubuyiseleni ngokushesha ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni noma enhliziyweni, ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziphuthumayo ezifana nesifo sohlangothi kanye nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
Kukuziphi izimo lapho i-thrombectomy ingenziwa khona?
Lokhu kwelashwa akwenziwa kuzo zonke izinhlayiya zegazi. Kwezinye izimo, kunezizathu ezenza lokhu kungenzeki noma kungafanele kwenziwe. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.
| Izizathu zokungakwenzi i-thrombectomy | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima bokufinyelela indawo lapho igazi liqhekeke khona | Eminye imithambo yegazi isendaweni ejulile kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. Kunzima ukufaka amathuluzi endaweni enjalo. |
| Ukuba nehlule emthanjeni wegazi omncane kakhulu | Amadivayisi awakwazi ukufakwa emithanjeni emincane kakhulu. Angonakala. |
| Kungelapheka ngemithi | Uma kungalawulwa ngemithi yokunciphisa igazi, akukho bungozi bokuhlinzwa. |
| Ukuba nezinkinga zokujiya kwegazi | Abanye abantu banezinkinga zegazi abazalwa nazo, futhi ukuhlinzwa kungaba yingozi kubo. |
| Ukopha kwegazi ebuchosheni (Intracranial Hemorrhage) | Uma sekuvele kukhona ukopha ebuchosheni, ukwenza lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa kungenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu. |
| Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawuleki | Izingozi ziphakeme uma kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa okunomfutho wegazi ophakeme kakhulu. |
Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokususa la mahlule egazi?
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwenza i-thrombectomy. Kufana nokwenza imbobo enkulu yokwakha umgwaqo, noma ukubhoboza imbobo encane bese uyilungisa ngaphakathi.
1. Ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile (Ukuhlinzwa / Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Thrombectomy okuvulekile)
Kule nqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo usika isikhumba phezu komthambo oqukethe ihlule legazi, avule umthambo kancane kancane, afake idivayisi ekhethekile efana nebhaluni (i-"balloon catheter") bese ekhipha ihlule legazi. Umthambo ube usuthungwa ngokucophelela uhlanganiswe ndawonye bese isikhumba sivalwa. Lena yindlela yendabuko.
2. Ukususwa Kwe-Thrombectomy Engangeni Kancane/Engena Kancane
Lena yindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ethuthukisiwe manje. Akukho ukusikwa okukhulu. Kunalokho, kwenziwa imbobo encane emthanjeni wegazi engalweni noma emlenzeni, bese kufakwa ipayipi elincane (i-catheter) ngalo.
Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe njenge-X-ray, leli payipi liqondiswa endaweni lapho igazi liqhekekile khona. Bese, kudluliswa amathuluzi akhethekile ngepayipi,
- Ihlule legazi lingaqhekeka libe yizicucu ezincane bese lincibilikiswa (lihlanjululwe).
- Ngaphandle kwalokho, ihlule legazi lingasuswa, njengasemshinini wokuhlanza i-vacuum (Aspiration Thrombectomy).
Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu ngoba akukho ukulimala okukhulu, ngakho isiguli singalulama ngokushesha.
Yiziphi izimo ezingelashwa ngale ndlela yokwelapha?
Lokhu kwelashwa, okubizwa ngokuthi i-thrombectomy, kusetshenziselwa izimo eziningi zezokwelapha ezibaluleke kakhulu.
- I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Amahlule egazi, ikakhulukazi emithanjeni ejulile yemilenze.
- Isifo sohlangothi: Ihlule legazi livimba umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi ebuchosheni.
- I-Myocardial Infarction: Ukuqhekeka kwegazi emithanjeni yenhliziyo ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni.
- I-Pulmonary Embolism: I-blood clot eyakheke kwenye indawo emzimbeni iyaqhekeka bese ihlala emthanjeni emaphashini.
- I-Acute Limb Ischemia: Ukulahlekelwa igazi ngokuzumayo engalweni noma emlenzeni.
- Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi emathunjini (Mesenteric Ischemia) noma ezinso (Renal Artery Occlusion).
Kwenzekani ngaphambi nangemva kokwelashwa?
Ngaphambi kokwelashwa
Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwenziwa njengenqubo ephuthumayo, ngakho-ke asikho isikhathi sokulungiselela. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okuhleliwe kwe-thrombectomy, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi:
- Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Kungase kudingeke i-ultrasound, i-MRI, noma i-CT scan ukuze kutholakale usayizi oqondile nendawo lapho igazi liqhekekile khona.
- Ukuyeka ukubhema: Uma ubhema, welulekwa ukuthi uyeke ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukwaziswa Ngemithi: Kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo (kufaka phakathi imithi yokunciphisa igazi, imithi yokunciphisa izinhlungu, namavithamini). Eminye imithi kungadingeka iyekwe ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Ngemva kokwelashwa
Ngemva kokwelashwa, uzoyiswa eyunithi yokubheka futhi uqashwe kuze kube yilapho isimo sakho sizinzile. Abanye abantu bangaya ekhaya ngalolo suku. Abanye kungadingeka bahlale esibhedlela izinsuku ezimbalwa. Lokhu kuncike ekutheni ihlule legazi likuphi kanye nohlobo lokwelashwa olunikezwayo.
Ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya,
- Inikeza iseluleko sendlela yokugcina inxeba lihlanzekile.
- Kuzodingeka uqhubeke nokuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi ukuze uvimbele ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi futhi.
- Ungase utshelwe ukuthi ugqoke amasokisi akhethekile (amasokisi okucindezela) emilenzeni yakho.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi?
Njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa, lolu lunezinzuzo kanye nezingozi.
| Izinzuzo | Izingozi |
|---|---|
| Ukukwazi ukusindisa izimpilo. | Ukopha. |
| Ukunciphisa umonakalo ohlala njalo ezithweni zomzimba. | Ukulimala emthanjeni wegazi. |
| Ukunciphisa ukukhubazeka esimweni esifana nesifo sohlangothi. | Ukutheleleka kwenxeba. |
| Ukuqeda ingozi yokulahlekelwa yingalo noma umlenze. | Ukuphinda kwenzeke kwehlule legazi. |
| Buyisela ngokushesha ukujikeleza kwegazi. | Ihlule liyaphuma bese lihlala emaphashini (Pulmonary Embolism). |
Isikhathi sokuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo ngemva kokwelashwa kwakho, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
- Ukopha noma ubomvu obuphuma esilondeni.
- Ubuhlungu esifubeni noma ubunzima bokuphefumula.
- Imfiva .
- Isiyezi esikhulu noma ikhanda elibuthakathaka.
- Ukudideka noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukuvuvukala , noma ukuba ndikindiki ezingalweni noma emilenzeni.
Ungazinaki lezi zimpawu. Zingaba uphawu lwenye inkinga.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukususwa kwe-Thrombectomy kuyindlela yokwelapha esindisa impilo esusa ihlule legazi eliyingozi elibhajwe emthanjeni wegazi futhi ibuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi.
- Kukhona ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile kanye nezindlela ezithuthukisiwe ezisekelwe ku-catheter zalokhu.
- Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezifana nesifo sohlangothi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kanye ne-DVT.
- Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imithi enikezwe udokotela wakho njengoba nje eyalelwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi futhi ngemva kokwelashwa.
- Yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile ezenzeka ngemva kokwelashwa.
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