Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane futhi ukhathazekile lapho udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi uneqhubu entanyeni yakho futhi udinga ukwenziwa i-biopsy. Lapho iningi lethu lizwa igama elithi 'biopsy', sicabanga ngokushesha ngomdlavuza. Kodwa ingabe lokhu kuyinto okufanele uyesabe ngempela? Kuzokwenzekani ngalolu vivinyo? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke lokhu ngokucacile nangendlela ekwenza uzizwe ukhululekile.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-thyroid biopsy?
Ake sithi wenze ikhekhe elikhulu. Awudingi ukusika lonke ikhekhe ukuze ubone ukuthi lingaphakathi nokuthi liphekwe kahle yini, akunjalo? Singathola umbono ngokusika ucezu oluncane bese siludla.
I-thyroid biopsy inqubo efanayo. I -thyroid biopsy inqubo ehilela ukuthatha isampula encane kakhulu yamaseli kusuka ku-nodule e-thyroid gland yakho, ebumbeke njengovemvane entanyeni yakho. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi hlobo luni lwamangqamuzana i-nodule eyenziwe ngalo.
Kungani ufuna ukwenza le biopsy?
Akuzona zonke izifo ze-thyroid ezidinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne-scan kungasetshenziswa ukuthola lesi simo.
Kodwa-ke, uma unamaqhubu e-thyroid, udokotela wakho angase akuphakamisele i-biopsy. La maqhubu angamaqhubu amancane, aqinile noma agcwele uketshezi akha ngaphakathi kwe-thyroid gland. Into ebalulekile okufanele uyikhumbule lapha ukuthi ngaphezu kuka-90% wala maqhubu awawona umdlavuza (angabi yingozi). Lokhu kusho ukuthi awabangeli monakalo omkhulu emzimbeni.
Kodwa-ke, iphesenti elincane kakhulu (cishe u-5% - 15%) lingaba nomdlavuza (oyingozi). Odokotela benza lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-biopsy ukuze baqede lelo thuba elincane.
Ngokuvamile, uma uneqhubu elikhulu kunesentimitha elilodwa, kungenzeka ukuthi udinga i-biopsy. Ngakho-ke, ngoba nje uceliwe ukuba wenze i-biopsy, akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Kuwukuqinisekisa ukuthi awunawo umdlavuza.
Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi? Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko.
Odokotela basebenzisa kakhulu izindlela ezintathu ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa.
1. Ukufuthwa Kwenaliti Encane (i-FNA) - Indlela evame ukwenziwa
Lena indlela elula nephephile kakhulu esetshenziswa abantu abangu-99%. Nakhu okwenzekayo:
- Udokotela uzosebenzisa umshini we-ultrasound ukuthola indawo eqondile yeqhubu entanyeni yakho.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa inaliti encane kakhulu, encane (njengenaliti esetshenziselwa ukudonsa igazi) eqhubu bese kukhishwa inani elincane lamaseli noketshezi (okuphefumulayo).
- Akukho ukusikeka okukhulu, akukho ukusikwa, futhi akukho ubuhlungu obukhulu.
2. Ukuhlolwa Kwenaliti Eyinhloko (i-CNB)
Lokhu kufana kakhulu nendlela ye-FNA okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla. Kodwa-ke, inaliti esetshenziswe lapha ijiyile kancane. Le ndlela isetshenziswa uma ukuhlolwa kwe-FNA kungaphelele futhi kudingeka isampula enkulu yezicubu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa kaningi kakhulu.
3. Ukuhlolwa Kwebhayoloji Kokuhlinzwa
Lokhu kwenziwa kaningi kakhulu. Kucatshangelwa kuphela uma ezinye izindlela ezimbili zingaphumeleli ukunikeza isiphetho esicacile. Lapha, kwenziwa ukusika okuncane entanyeni bese kususwa ingxenye noma lonke iqhubu bese lithunyelwa ukuze lihlolwe.
Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?
Uma uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-FNA noma kwe-CNB, akudingi ukulungiselela okuningi.
- Ngaphandle kokuba udokotela wakho ekweluleka ngenye indlela, ungadla futhi uphuze ngendlela evamile.
- Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, uma uthatha noma yimuphi umuthi onciphisa igazi (njenge-Aspirin, i-Warfarin, i-Clopidogrel), kufanele utshele udokotela wakho kusengaphambili. Angase akucele ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha umuthi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
- Uzokwenziwa i-biopsy yokuhlinzwa, futhi udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalelo eqondile yokuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?
Ake sibheke kancane kancane ukuthi kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-FNA. Lokhu kuvame ukuqedwa ngesikhathi esifushane, cishe imizuzu eyi-10-20.
1. Okokuqala, uzolaliswa embhedeni.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho , kufakwa inani elincane le-anesthesia yendawo ukuze kuncishiswe indawo lapho inaliti izofakwa khona. Lokhu kuzokuvimbela ekuzweleni ubuhlungu obukhulu.
3. Okulandelayo, udokotela uzobeka ingxenye efana nekhanda ye-ultrasound scan (i-transducer) entanyeni yakho futhi, ebheka i-monitor, uzophawula indawo eqondile yeqhubu.
4. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokucophelela okukhulu, inaliti encane ifakwa esikhumbeni endaweni ephawuliwe bese ingena efindweni.
5. Uzocelwa ukuthi uhlale uthule ngesikhathi kuthathwa isampula. Ungakhulumi noma ugwinye phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
6. Ngemva kokuthathwa kwesampula, inaliti iyasuswa bese kufakwa iplasta encane noma ibhandishi endaweni.
7. Uma unefindo elingaphezu kwelilodwa, ungathatha amasampula kwamanye amafindo ngendlela efanayo.
8. Isampula ethathiwe ithunyelwa kudokotela ochwepheshe bamaseli (i-Cytologist) ukuze ayohlolwa.
Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona ngemva kokuhlolwa?
Lokhu kuhlolwa okuphephile kakhulu. Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ayivamile. Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa:
- Kuvela inxeba elincane noma ukuphuka endaweni lapho kubhotshozwe khona.
- Uma ubuhlungu obuncane njengalobu, ungathatha umuthi wokuqeda izinhlungu njengeParacetamol. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukubuza udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi.
Izinkinga ezingavamile kakhulu:
- Ukopha
- Ukutheleleka
- Ukwakheka kwe-cyst
Uthini umbiko we-biopsy?
Ngokuvamile uzothola umbiko zingakapheli isonto. Imiphumela yombiko ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziyinhloko ezingaba yi-6. Ake sibone ukuthi ngayinye yazo isho ukuthini.
| Isigaba Semiphumela | Incazelo Elula |
|---|---|
| I-Benign (engeyona umdlavuza) | Lezi izindaba ezinhle! Iqhubu alinawo umdlavuza. Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho. Udokotela uthi ngenze okunye ukuskena cishe ezinyangeni eziyi-12. |
| Okuyingozi (umdlavuza) | Iqhubu lenziwe ngamaseli omdlavuza. Lokhu kuvame ukudinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe iqhubu. |
| Kusolisa Ngobubi | Kukhona amathuba okuba nomdlavuza. Kuleli qophelo, udokotela cishe uzosikisela ukuhlinzwa. |
| I-Atypia / FLUS (kunzima ukusho ngokuqinisekile) | Amaseli awavamile, kodwa abukho ubufakazi obanele bokuthi umdlavuza. Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, udokotela angakucela ukuthi wenze enye i-biopsy noma ulinde isikhashana. |
| I-Follicular Neoplasm / Okusolisayo (olunye uhlobo lwesigaxa) | Lokhu kungase kube umdlavuza noma cha. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kuphela akukwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile. Ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekile, iqhubu kuzodingeka lisuswe ngokuhlinzwa futhi lihlolwe. |
| Akuxilongwa (amangqamuzana anele) | Kwakungekho amangqamuzana anele esampula ethathwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukuze kufinyelelwe esiphethweni. Ngakho kuzodingeka uphinde wenze i-biopsy. |
Uma unalezi zimpawu, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Ukutheleleka ngemva kokuhlolwa kwegazi akuvamile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingezansi, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Uma uthola umkhuhlane
- Uma uzizwa ubanda futhi uthuthumela
- Uma indawo yokubhoboza ibomvu, ivuvukele, futhi kuphuma uketshezi olufana nobovu kuyo
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ungesabi igama elithi "biopsy." Akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Kumane nje kukusiza ukuthola ukuthi isimo sakho siyini ngempela.
- Amaqhubu e-thyroid angaphezu kuka-90% awawona umdlavuza.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-FNA okwenziwa kakhulu kulula kakhulu, kuphephile, kuthatha imizuzu embalwa nje, futhi akubuhlungu kakhulu.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlolwa.
- Uma umbiko usufikile, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokucacile ngakho nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.
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