Uma singabuza ukuthi yisiphi isitho esibaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu, abantu abaningi bangasho ukuthi inhliziyo. Kuyiqiniso lokho. Inhliziyo yethu iyiphampu emangalisayo esebenza ngokungayeki. Kungenxa yokuthi le phampu isebenza kahle ukuthi igazi ligeleza emzimbeni wethu wonke futhi lisigcine siphila. Kodwa kungakanani okwaziyo ngezingxenye ezincane, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu ngaphakathi kwale nhliziyo? Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesango elibaluleke kakhulu enhliziyweni, ivalvu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ivalvu ye-tricuspid.
Kalula nje, iyini le valve ye-tricuspid?
Cabanga ukuthi unamakamelo amane endlini yakho. Kuneminyango eholela ekamelweni elilodwa iye kwelinye. Le minyango kumele ivuleke futhi ivalwe ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imisebenzi yasekhaya izoba yimbi. Inhliziyo yethu inamakamelo amane amakhulu. Amakamelo amabili aphezulu abizwa ngokuthi i-Atria , kanti amakamelo amabili aphansi abizwa ngokuthi ama-Ventricles .
I-valve ye-tricuspid iyi-valve engakwesokudla kwenhliziyo yethu, phakathi kwegumbi eliphezulu (i-atrium yangakwesokudla) kanye negumbi elingezansi (i-ventricle yangakwesokudla). Ifana nomnyango ovuleka ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela futhi livimbele igazi ukuthi ligeleze emuva. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-Right Atrioventricular Valve .
Kwenzekani ngale valve? Ake sibheke ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni.
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake sibheke indlela igazi elihamba ngayo enhliziyweni. Kulula kakhulu.
1. Okokuqala, lonke igazi eliphelelwe umoya-mpilo elisetshenziswa emzimbeni wethu liyaqoqana bese lingena ekamelweni eliphezulu (i-atrium yangakwesokudla) ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo.
2. Uma leli gumbi ligcwele igazi, ivalvu ye-tricuspid ivuleka njengomnyango.
3. Bese lonke leli gazi ligeleza liye ekamelweni elingezansi (i-ventricle yesokudla).
4. Njengoba igumbi elingezansi ligcwele igazi, liyacindezela kakhulu ukuze limpompe igazi liye emaphashini. Kungani kufanele ulithumele emaphashini? Ligcwalise ngomoya-mpilo futhi.
5. Yilapho into ebaluleke kakhulu ngevalvu ye-tricuspid yenzeka khona. Lapho igumbi elingezansi lifinyela ngokuqinile, igazi lizama ukubuyela ekamelweni eliphezulu. Kodwa ivalvu ye-tricuspid ivaleka kahle . Kufana nomnyango okhiyiwe. Ngakho igazi alibuyeli emuva, livele liqonde emaphashini.
Ngakho-ke, uyaqonda? Umsebenzi oyinhloko wevalvu ye-tricuspid ukuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze ohlangothini olulodwa (kusuka phezulu kuya phansi) futhi livimbele ukuthi ligeleze libuyele emuva. Umsindo "we-lub-dub" esiwuzwayo lapho sibeka i-stethoscope esifubeni sethu ubangelwa ukuvuleka nokuvalwa kwale valve.
Le valve yenziwe ngani?
Lona umklamo omangalisayo kakhulu. Ivalvu ye-tricuspid yakhiwe ngama-flaps amathathu amancane, kodwa aqinile kakhulu ezicubu. Sibiza lawa mapheshana ngokuthi ama-cusps.Lawa ma-valve amathathu axhunywe emisipheni ye-papillary ekamelweni elingezansi lenhliziyo ngemicu emincane, eqinile efana nentambo (i-chordae tendineae). Lawa ma-valve amathathu avuleka futhi avaleke kahle ngokushaya kwenhliziyo ngakunye.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngevalvu ye-tricuspid?
Ngezinye izikhathi le valve ingasebenza kabi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukugeleza kwegazi kuyaphazamiseka. Igazi lingase lingahambi kahle, noma igazi lingase livuze emuva. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inhliziyo kudingeke isebenze kanzima ukupompa inani legazi elidingwa ngumzimba.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezinkinga ezibonakala ku-valve ye-tricuspid.
| Igama lenkinga | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Tricuspid Atresia | Lesi yisifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso . Kulesi simo, kunezicubu ezijiyile kuphela lapho kufanele kube khona ivalvu. Akukho valve. Ngenxa yalokho, ayikho indlela yokuthi igazi ligeleze futhi i-ventricle yesokudla ayikhuli kahle. Lokhu ngokuvamile kudinga ukuhlinzwa. |
| Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Tricuspid | Kulesi simo, ivalvu ayivaleki kahle ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke lapho igumbi elingaphansi ligoba, elinye igazi livuza libuyele ekamelweni eliphezulu . Lena inkinga evame kakhulu. |
| I-Tricuspid Stenosis | Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi ukuvulwa kwevalvu kuncane kakhulu . Kufana nomnyango ovuleka phakathi nendawo kuphela. Lokhu kuvimbela igazi ukuthi lingagelezi lisuka ekamelweni eliphezulu liye ekamelweni elingezansi. Inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi. |
Kungani kuvela lezi zinkinga?
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani le valve ingaba nezinkinga.
- Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa: Abanye abantu bangazalwa benamapheshana amabili noma amane esikhundleni samathathu.
- Ukutheleleka: Ukutheleleka okubangela ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo, isibonelo i-endocarditis noma i-rheumatic fever, kungalimaza ama-valve.
- Ukwanda kwe-ventricle yesokudla: Lapho igumbi elingezansi lenhliziyo likhula ngenxa yezici ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-valve inganwebeka futhi ingavaleki kahle.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha: Izifo ezifana ne -Marfan syndrome, ezithinta izicubu zomzimba ezixhumeneyo.
- Ezinye izimbangela: Ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza esifubeni, izimila zenhliziyo, noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile nakho kungawuthinta.
Kuzwakala kanjani uma kunenkinga ngevalvu? (Izimpawu)
Uma ukusebenza kwevalvu kuphazamiseka, inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima, ngakho-ke ungase uzizwe ukhathele futhi ubuthakathaka ngokushesha .
Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungase kuvele ezinye izimpawu.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo: Umuzwa wokushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile.
- Ukushaya kwentamo: Ukubonakala noma umuzwa wokushaya kwentamo emithanjeni entanyeni.
- Ukuvuvukala: Ukuvuvukala esiswini, emilenzeni, emaqakaleni nasezinyaweni. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uketshezi luqoqana emzimbeni lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi kahle.
- Isibindi esikhulu.
- Isikhumba esibandayo.
- Ukububula kwenhliziyo: Lapho udokotela ehlola inhliziyo nge-stethoscope, uzwa umsindo owengeziwe, njengomsindo "wokushushuluza" obangelwa ukuphuma kwegazi.
Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, akusho ukuthi unenkinga ye-valve. Kodwa-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho bese uyahlolwa.
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuthola lezi zinkinga?
Uma udokotela wakho esola inkinga ye-valve, uzokudlulisela kudokotela wenhliziyo, ongenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze athole inkinga.
| Ukuhlolwa | Ubonani kulokhu? |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa komzimba | Udokotela ulalela inhliziyo nge-stethoscope futhi ahlole noma yimiphi imisindo engavamile (ukububula). |
| I-Echocardiogram | Lesi yisilingo esibaluleke kakhulu. Sisebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala izithombe (njengevidiyo) zokunyakaza kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ngokucacile amakamelo enhliziyo, ukuthi ama-valve avuleka futhi avaleka kanjani, nokuthi igazi ligeleza emuva yini. |
| I-Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) | Umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo uyalinganiswa. Lokhu kungabona izinto ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo. |
| I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-MRI | Lokhu kungasiza ekuhloleni izinto ezifana nokukhula kwenhliziyo noma ukwakheka koketshezi emaphashini. I -MRI yenhliziyo inganikeza isithombe esicacile sesakhiwo senhliziyo. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka Kokuzivocavoca | I-ECG kanye nomfutho wegazi kuyaqashwa ngenkathi uhamba ku-treadmill. Lokhu kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kanjani ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla. |
| Ukufakwa kwe-Catheterization Yenhliziyo | Kulokhu, ipayipi elincane (i-catheter) lidluliselwa emthanjeni wegazi osemlenzeni noma engalweni liye enhliziyweni, lilinganisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo futhi lihlole ukugeleza kwegazi emuva. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ebunzimeni besimo sakho kanye nezimpawu zakho. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma inkinga ingeyimbi kakhulu, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi uqhubeke nokuqapha isimo sakho. Uma kudingeka ukwelashwa, bangase batuse izinto ezinjengalezi:
- Imithi: Imithi efana ne -diuretics inganikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.
- Ukulungiswa kwevalvu ye-Tricuspid:Ukuhlinzwa kungasetshenziswa ukuqondisa kabusha ama-valve flaps, ukwandisa ukuvulwa okuncishisiwe, noma ukuqinisa i-valve ekhululekile. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-valve iqiniswa ngendandatho yokwenziwa.
- Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwevalvu ye-Tricuspid: Ivalvu eyonakele isuswa ngokuphelele bese ithathelwa indawo yivalvu yokwenziwa (yomshini) noma ivalvu eyenziwe ngezicubu zezilwane (eziphilayo).
- Izinqubo ze-Transcatheter: Lezi yizinqubo ezilula kunokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile. Lapha, kufakwa i-catheter ngesikhumba ukulungisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni se-valve. Lokhu akufanele wonke umuntu, kodwa kuyindlela enhle yeziguli ezifanelekile.
Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokwelapha efaneleka kakhulu kuwe.
Uma kunenkinga nge-valve, ungayigcina kanjani inhliziyo iphilile?
Uma udokotela wakho ethi unenkinga nge-valve yakho ye-tricuspid, ungesabi. Ungenza izinguquko ezithile endleleni yokuphila ukuze ugcine inhliziyo yakho iphilile.
- Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele.
- Lawula umfutho wegazi lakho kanye namazinga e-cholesterol. Sebenzisa imithi udokotela wakho ayinikezayo ngqo.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo. Yidla ukudla okunamafutha agcwele futhi angenawo amafutha amaningi kanye nemifino nezithelo eziningi.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo. Kodwa-ke, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yikuphi ukuzivocavoca okufanele.
- Hamba uyohlolwa njalo ngezokwelapha. Qiniseka ukuthi uyahamba uyohlolwa inhliziyo yakho ngezinsuku nezikhathi udokotela wakho azincomayo.
- Ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwamazinyo noma okunye ukuhlinzwa, tshela udokotela wakho ukuthi unenkinga ye-valve yenhliziyo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-antibiotic anganconywa ukuvimbela ukutheleleka.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma unenkinga ye-valve yenhliziyo futhi uba nezimpawu zokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, noma umphimbo obuhlungu, bona udokotela ngokushesha . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukutheleleka okufana nalokhu kungathinta inhliziyo (i-endocarditis). Kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokwelapha kusenesikhathi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-valve ye-tricuspid iyisango elibalulekile ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo, phakathi kwamakamelo aphezulu nangaphansi, elivumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze ohlangothini olulodwa.
- Izinkinga ezinjengokuvuza kwesisu noma i-stenosis zingase zenzeke uma le valve ingavaleki kahle.
- Izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ukuqina kwesifuba, kanye nokuvuvukala kwemilenze kungase kube khona.
- Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungesabi futhi uthintane nodokotela. Lesi simo singatholakala kalula nge-echocardiogram.
- Izindlela zokwelapha zincike ebunzimeni besimo. Kungalawulwa ngemithi, noma kungadinga ukuhlinzwa.
- Ungaphila impilo enempilo ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enhle nangokulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha njalo.
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