Uma udokotela wakho eke wakhuluma ngomfutho wegazi lakho, noma echaza imithi oyiphuzayo yomfutho wegazi lakho, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa amagama afana nama-ACE inhibitors nama-ARB. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlelo olungemuva kwakho konke lokhu, oluhlala lulawula umfutho wegazi wethu, njengethimba labaphathi abaphezulu ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, noma i-RAAS ngamafuphi. Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, umsebenzi walo ulula kakhulu futhi ubaluleke kakhulu.
Kalula nje, iyini i-RAAS?
Cabanga ukuthi umzimba wakho unesimiso sokuzivikela esihlala siqapha umfutho wegazi lakho futhi siphendule ngokushesha uma sehla kakhulu. Yilokho i-RAAS eyikho. Iqoqo lama-hormone, ama-enzyme, namaprotheni. Inhloso eyinhloko yalesi simiso ukugcina umfutho wegazi wethu kanye nomthamo wegazi kulawulwa isikhathi eside.
Lolu hlelo lusiza ekwandiseni ingcindezi yethu ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- Ukwandisa ukumuncwa kabusha kwe-sodium (usawoti) yizinso: Lapho amazinga kasawoti emzimbeni ekhuphuka, amanzi nawo ahlala emzimbeni.
- Ukwanda kokumuncwa kwamanzi (ukugcinwa kwawo): Lokhu kwandisa umthamo wegazi emzimbeni.
- Ithoni yemithambo yegazi: Ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi yethu. Njengoba nje ukucindezela ipayipi lamanzi kwenza amanzi ageleze ngokushesha, lapho imithambo yegazi iqina, ukucindezela kuyakhula.
Kunabadlali abathathu ababalulekile kuleli qembu elinamandla. Ake sibazi kahle.
| Isithako esiyinhloko | Umsebenzi owenziwayo |
|---|---|
| URenin | Lena i-enzyme ekhiqizwa yizinso zethu. Ifana nomlindi. Yisibonakaliso sokuqala sokusebenzisa lolu hlelo uma lubona ukuthi umfutho wegazi uyehla. |
| I-Angiotensin II | Lona umholi waleli qembu. Liyi-hormone enamandla kakhulu. Lenza izinto eziningi ezibalulekile, njengokucindezela imithambo yegazi nokutshela umzimba ukuthi ugcine usawoti namanzi. |
| I-Aldosterone | Le hormone ivela ezindlaleni ze-adrenal, ezitholakala ngaphezu kwezinso zethu. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukutshela izinso ukuthi zigcine i-sodium (usawoti) emzimbeni futhi zikhiphe i-potassium emchameni. |
Lolu hlelo lwe-RAAS lusebenza kanjani?
Lokhu kufana nokusabela ochungechungeni. Uma kwenzeka into eyodwa, ibangela enye into. Ake siqonde lezi zinyathelo njengendaba elula.
Cabanga ukuthi ngesizathu esithile (isibonelo, ulahlekelwe amanzi amaningi emzimbeni wakho - ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, noma ulahlekelwe igazi elithile engozini encane) umfutho wegazi wakho uyehla.
1. Uphawu lokuqala: Izinso zakho zifana nezinzwa. Uma zizwa lokhu kwehla kwengcindezi, ziyajabula bese zikhipha i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-renin egazini.
2. Ukuhumusha kokuqala: Njengoba le renin ihamba egazini, ihlangana neprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-angiotensinogen, eyenziwa esibindini sethu bese ikhishwa egazini. I-Renin iyayiphula le phrotheni bese iyisebenzisela ukwenza i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-angiotensin I. Kodwa le angiotensin I ayisebenzi, okusho ukuthi ayikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi omningi.
3. Ukuzalwa Komholi: Manje, njengoba le angiotensin I engasebenzi ihamba egazini, ikakhulukazi emaphashini ethu, kukhona i-enzyme ekhethekile lapho. Leyo yi -Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) . Lokho okwenziwa yile enzyme ye-ACE ukuthatha leyo angiotensin I engasebenzi bese iyiguqula ibe yi -angiotensin II enamandla kakhulu, esebenzayo. Manje umholi wangempela uyazalwa.
4. Imiyalo yomholi: Manje le angiotensin II enamandla yenza umsebenzi omningi ngesikhathi esisodwa:
- Iya ngqo ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi emincane emizimbeni yethu bese iyincipha , njengokucindezelwa kwepayipi lamanzi. Lokhu kwandisa umfutho wegazi ngokushesha.
- Iya ngqo ezindlaleni ze-adrenal, ezitholakala ngaphezu kwezinso, bese izitshela ukuthi zikhiqize i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-aldosterone .
- Iphinde inikeze i-pituitary gland ebuchosheni ukukhiqiza i-Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH).
5. Umphumela wokugcina: Manje njengoba i-aldosterone ne-ADH zisebenza ndawonye ukutshela izinso ukuthi, " Ungakhiphi i-sodium (usawoti) namanzi emzimbeni, yigcine emzimbeni ." Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-aldosterone ikhipha i-potassium umzimba ongayidingi emchameni.
- Uma usawoti ugcinwa emzimbeni, amanzi nawo ayagcinwa.
- Uma inani lamanzi emzimbeni landa, inani eliphelele legazi elingaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yethu (umthamo wegazi) liyakhula.
- Uma umthamo wegazi ukhuphuka futhi imithambo yegazi incipha, umfutho wegazi ukhuphuka ngokuzenzakalelayo ubuyele emazingeni ajwayelekile.
Kalula nje, uhlelo lwe-RAAS luyindlela ezenzakalelayo lapho umfutho wegazi wehla, ukhulisa umfutho ngokugcina usawoti namanzi emzimbeni, unciphise imithambo yegazi, njalo njalo.
Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwalesi simiso se-RAAS nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo?
Leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, uhlelo lwe-RAAS lusiza ekusindiseni izimpilo zethu. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zesikhathi eside njengokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, lolu hlelo oluhle luqala ukusebenza ngokumelene nathi.
Cabanga ukuthi inhliziyo yomuntu ibuthakathaka futhi ayikwazi ukupompa igazi elanele emzimbeni. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
- Uma amandla okupompa kwenhliziyo ehla, inani legazi elifinyelela ezithweni ezibalulekile njengezinso liyancipha.
- Uma ukunikezwa kwegazi ezinso kwehla, bacabanga ukuthi, "O, ingcindezi iphansi, inkinga enkulu!" Ngakho-ke izinso zivuselela ngokushesha uhlelo lwe-RAAS lapho lusebenza ngokugcwele.
- Ngemuva kwalokho umzimba ukhiqiza i-angiotensin II kanye ne -aldosterone eningi kakhulu. Lokhu kwandisa umfutho wegazi futhi kubangele ukuthi umzimba ugcine usawoti namanzi.
- Kodwa inkinga lapha ukuthi lokhu kucindezela okwandayo kanye nomthamo wegazi okhuphukile kuba umthwalo omkhulu nakakhulu enhliziyweni ebuthakathaka futhi ehlulekayo kakade. Kufana nokubeka esinye isisindo kumuntu ongakwazi ukuphakamisa umthwalo osindayo.
- Uma inhliziyo icindezelwa kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhliziyo iba buthaka, imisipha yenhliziyo iqine, futhi inhliziyo iyanda. Lokhu kwenza ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kube kubi kakhulu.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imithi eminingi odokotela abayinikeza abantu abanesifo senhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu ihloselwe ngqo ukulawula ukusebenza kwalolu hlelo lwe-RAAS.
Imithi ethinta uhlelo lwe-RAAS
Imithi eminingana emikhulu yomfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo senhliziyo ivimba izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene kulolu hlelo lwe-RAAS.
| Uhlobo lomuthi | Indlela esebenza ngayo |
|---|---|
| Ama-ACE Inhibitors | Uyakhumbula leya enzyme ye-ACE eguqula i-angiotensin I ibe yi-angiotensin II enamandla? Lokho okwenziwa yile mithi ukuvimba leyo enzyme. Bese ukukhiqizwa kwalowo "mholi" kwehla. |
| Ama-Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) | Le mithi ayivimbeli ukukhiqizwa kwe-angiotensin II. Kodwa ivimba "amasango" (ama-receptor) avumela leyo angiotensin II ukuthi iye ezindaweni ezifana nemithambo yegazi futhi isebenze. Kufana nomholi onikeza imiyalelo, kodwa akekho olalelayo. |
| Abaphikisi beMineralocorticoid Receptor (MRA) | Lokhu kuvimbela ngqo isenzo se-hormone i-aldosterone, enciphisa ukugcinwa kukasawoti namanzi emzimbeni. |
| Ama-Beta-blocker | Nakuba lokhu kungathinti ngqo uhlelo lwe-RAAS, kuyasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwe-renin yizinso, okusho ukuthi zilawula lonke uhlelo kusukela ekuqaleni. |
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-RAAS ne-Baroreceptor Reflex?
Olunye uhlelo olulawula umfutho wegazi yi -Baroreceptor reflex . Ake siqonde umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili.
- I-Baroreceptor Reflex: Lolu uhlelo olusebenza ngokushesha, ngemizuzwana . Zicabange uhleli bese usukuma ngokuzumayo. Bese ingcindezi yehla kancane. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukugeleza kwegazi ekhanda kwehla futhi ungase uzizwe unesiyezi. Kodwa lokho akwenzeki, akunjalo? Isizathu salokhu yi-Baroreceptor reflex. Yandisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo imizuzwana embalwa, inciphise imithambo yegazi kancane, futhi ilungise ingcindezi. Kufana nezimbozi zokushaqeka zemoto, ezilawula izinguquko ezisheshayo.
- Uhlelo lwe-RAAS: Lolu uhlelo oluhlala isikhathi eside , oluhamba kancane . Kuthatha amahora, ngisho nezinsuku, ukusebenza. Lulawula umfutho wegazi isikhathi eside ngokushintsha inani loketshezi nosawoti emzimbeni. Kufana nohlelo lokuphatha injini emotweni, olubheka ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside.
Zombili lezi zinhlelo zisebenza ndawonye ukugcina umfutho wegazi wethu usezingeni elifanele.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-RAAS (i-Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo olulawula umfutho wegazi lomzimba wethu kanye nomthamo woketshezi isikhathi eside.
- Uma umfutho wegazi wehla, lolu hlelo luyasebenza, lugcina usawoti namanzi emzimbeni, lunciphise imithambo yegazi, futhi lubuyisele umfutho wegazi esimweni esijwayelekile.
- Ezimweni ezifana nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, lolu hlelo lungaba namandla ngokweqile, lonakalise inhliziyo nomzimba.
- Imithi eminingi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nesifo senhliziyo (njenge-ACE inhibitors kanye ne-ARBs) ihloselwe ngqo ukulawula umsebenzi walolu hlelo lwe-RAAS.
- Uma unengcindezi yegazi ephezulu noma isifo senhliziyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha imithi yakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yakho noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala.
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