Kunzima ukuchaza usizi nesizungu esizizwayo lapho singakwazi ukuzwa imisindo emihle kakhulu emhlabeni, amazwi abathandekayo, ukuhleka kwengane encane. Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kuyinto esihlukanisa nezinto eziningi empilweni. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kwezokwelapha zanamuhla, manje sekukhona ubuchwepheshe obusha bokubhekana nalesi simo. Namuhla sikhuluma ngedivayisi ekhethekile kangaka. Leyo yi- cochlear implant .
Kulungile, pho kuyini i-cochlear implant?
Kalula nje, i-cochlear implant iyithuluzi le-elekthronikhi elenzelwe ukusiza abantu abayizithulu ngokuphelele noma abanenkinga yokuzwa kakhulu abanenkinga yokuqonda inkulumo.
Kunezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko kulokhu.
1. Ingxenye egugile ngaphandle: Kukhona iprosesa kanye nemagnet okugqokwa ngemuva kwendlebe, njengensiza yokuzwa .
2. Ukufakelwa kwe-subcutaneous: Lokhu kuqukethe i-receiver efakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba sekhanda kanye ne-electrode array efakwe ku-cochlea, ingxenye yendlebe yangaphakathi.
Le ngxenye yangaphandle kanye nengxenye yangaphakathi kuxhumene ngamandla kazibuthe. Lokho okwenziwa yile divayisi ukuqondisa amaza omsindo ngqo emthanjeni wakho wokuzwa. Le nzwa yiyo ethwala izimpawu zomsindo ziye ebuchosheni.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-cochlear implant ngeke ibuyisele ukuzwa kwakho okuvamile kulokho obekunakho ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, ingakusiza kakhulu ukuthi uqaphele imisindo efana nokukhala kocingo, insimbi yomnyango, futhi uqonde ukuthi othile uthini.
| Ingxenye | Lokho ekwenzayo (Umsebenzi) |
|---|---|
| Imakrofoni | Ibamba imisindo evela endaweni ezungezile. |
| Iprosesa Yenkulumo | Imisindo etholakele ihlukaniswa futhi iguqulwe ibe yizimpawu ze-elekthronikhi. |
| Umthumeli | Lezi zimpawu zikagesi zithunyelwa endaweni engaphansi kwesikhumba. |
| Umamukeli | Ihlala ngaphansi kwesikhumba futhi ithola izimpawu ezithunyelwa kusuka kumthumeli. |
| Ama-electrode | Izimpawu ezivela kumuntu omukelayo zisetshenziselwa ukuvuselela ngqo inzwa yokuzwa. |
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwensiza yokuzwa kanye ne-cochlear implant?
Nakuba zombili lezi ziyizinsiza- kuzwa , indlela ezisebenza ngayo ihluke ngokuphelele.
| Isici | Usizo Lokuzwa | Ukufakelwa kwe-Cochlear |
|---|---|---|
| Ukusebenza kahle | Usebenzisa noma yikuphi ukuzwa onakho, ungenza imisindo ibe phezulu futhi icace . | Idlula izingxenye zendlebe ezicubungula umsindo bese ithumela izimpawu zomsindo ngqo emsipheni wokuzwa . |
| Ifanelekela bani? | Kulabo abanezinga elithile lokuzwa kwemvelo. | Kulabo abanamaseli alimele endlebeni yangaphakathi futhi abangezwa lutho ngokwemvelo. |
| Ukuhlinzwa | Akukho ukuhlinzwa okudingekayo. | Kudingeka ukuhlinzwa ukuze kufakwe izingxenye zangaphakathi. |
Isebenza kanjani?
Cabanga nje, kunezinhlobo eziningi zamangqamuzana amancane ezinwele engxenyeni yendlebe yethu yangaphakathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-cochlea. Lawa mangqamuzana athatha ukudlidliza komsindo futhi awathumele ebuchosheni njengezimpawu zemizwa. Uma amangqamuzana ezinwele zomuntu onakele, noma uma engekho kusukela ekuzalweni, ayikho indlela yokuthi imisindo ifinyelele emsipheni wokuzwa.
Lokho okwenziwa yi-cochlear implant ukugwema lawa maseli ezinwele alimele bese kuvuselela ngqo inzwa yokuzwa. Ngakho-ke esikhundleni semisindo "yokuzwa", ungakwazi "ukubona" imisindo.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Cochlear Implant kanye nangemva kwayo
Lokhu kuvame ukuba inqubo yokulaliswa esibhedlela, okusho ukuthi ungaya ekhaya ngaphandle kokuhlala esibhedlela. Le nqubo yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile.
Udokotela ohlinzayo wenza ukusika okuncane ngemuva kwendlebe, enze imbobo encane ethanjeni lekhanda, bese engena endlebeni engaphakathi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-electrode afakwa ku-cochlea, i-receiver ibekwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba, bese ukusika kuthungwa futhi. Lokhu kuthatha cishe ihora noma amabili.
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa isilonda sesipholile, uzophinde ubonane nodokotela wakho. Yilapho-ke iprosesa, oyigqoka ngaphandle, izohlelwa ukuze ikufanele.
Bese kuqala ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Lokho ukwelashwa . Udinga ukuqeqesha ubuchopho bakho ukuze buqonde izimpawu ezintsha ezivela kule divayisi. Lokhu kuzodinga isikhathi esithile usebenza nodokotela wezokukhuluma nokuzwa.
Lokhu kufanelekela bani ngempela?
Akuwona wonke umuntu onenkinga yokuzwa ongathola i-cochlear implant. Kuneziqu eziningana okumele zihlangatshezwe. Ithimba lezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa uchwepheshe wezindlebe, impumulo, nomphimbo (udokotela we-ENT) kanye nodokotela wezindlebe, bazonquma ukuthi lokhu kulungile yini kuwe.
Ngokuvamile laba ngabantu abafanelekayo:
- Abantu abanokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okuphakathi kuya kokujulile endlebeni eyodwa noma zombili.
- Abantu abangazuzi ngokwanele ngezinsiza zokuzwa.
- Abantu abangenazo ezinye izifo ezinkulu ezingabavimbela ekuhlinzweni.
- Abantu abanokuqonda okuhle ngalokho le divayisi engakwenza nalokho engenakukwenza.
- Labo abangazibophezela ekuhlanganyeleni ezifundweni ezidingekayo ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
Ama-implant e-cochlear ezingane ezincane
Ingane ezelwe inokukhubazeka kokuzwa okubangelwa ukuzalwa inenkinga enkulu yokufunda ulimi nokukhuluma. Ngakho-ke, ingane enjalo ingazuza kakhulu ngokufakelwa i-cochlear implant isencane.
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi izingane ezithola i-cochlear implant ngaphambi kokuba zibe nezinyanga ezingu-18 futhi zithole ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo zingafunda ulimi kanye nenkulumo ngokushesha njengabanye abantwana abavamile. Ukuthi lokhu kwenziwe noma cha ngengane yazo kuyisinqumo somuntu siqu abazali okufanele basixoxe nethimba labo lezokwelapha.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi?
Njenganoma yini, izimila ze-cochlear zinezinzuzo kanye nezingozi ezincane.
Izinzuzo
- Ukukwazi ukuqonda lokho umuntu akushoyo ngaphandle kokubheka ubuso bakhe.
- Ukukwazi ukukhuluma ocingweni nokubuka i-TV.
- Ukukwazi ukubona izinto ezifana nemisindo yesixwayiso (i-alamu, i-horror yemoto).
- Kwabanye abantu, i-tinnitus ingancishiswa.
- Ukukwazi ukulawula indlela abakhuluma ngayo njengoba beqala ukuzwa izwi labo.
Izingozi
Nakuba ukuhlinzwa kokufakelwa kwe-cochlear kuphephile kakhulu, kunezingozi ezivamile ezihlobene nanoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa.
- Izinkinga ezihlobene nokubulala izinzwa.
- Ukutheleleka kanye nokopha endaweni yokuhlinzwa.
- Kunethuba elincane kakhulu lokulimala kwemizwa yobuso (ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwengxenye yobuso).
- Izinkinga zesiyezi noma ibhalansi.
- Uma kukhona ukuzwa okusele endlebeni okusazohlinzwa, kuzolahleka.
- Akuvamile kakhulu ukuba kube nengozi ye-meningitis (ukutheleleka kwezicubu ezizungeze ubuchopho). (Imithi yokugoma inikezwa ukuvimbela lokhu).
Ungakhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi zalezi zinto.
Impilo injani ngale divayisi?
Kunezinto eziningana okufanele uzicabangele uma uhlala ne-cochlear implant.
- Vikela emanzini: Amaprosesa agqokwayo kufanele asuswe lapho ugeza noma ubhukuda. Kunezembozo ezikhethekile ezingangeni manzi zalokho.
- Ezemidlalo Zokuxhumana: Kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu lapho udlala imidlalo ehilela ukushaywa kanzima ekhanda (isib. isibhakela, i-rugby), njengoba izingxenye zangaphakathi zingalimala.
- I-MRI Scan: Ngenxa yamagnethi anamandla emishinini ye-MRI, kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuqapha ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-MRI. Kubalulekile ukwazisa odokotela ngalokhu.
- Ugesi Ongaguquki: 'Ugesi' omncane okhiqizwayo uma uthinta izinto ezifana nesikrini se-TV ungalimaza iprosesa ngaphandle. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukhipha iprosesa ngezikhathi ezinjalo.
Ukuze uthole imiphumela ephumelelayo ngale divayisi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyigqoka ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi ube khona njalo emihlanganweni yokuqeqeshwa .
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-cochlear implant iyithuluzi le-elekthronikhi elisiza abantu abanenkinga enkulu yokuzwa ukuthi baqaphele imisindo.
- Lokhu ngeke kunikeze ukuzwa kwemvelo, kodwa kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila.
- Lokhu kudinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze kufakwe i-implant, kodwa kuyindlela ephephile kakhulu yokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuze kutholakale imiphumela emihle ngemva kokuhlinzwa, izikhathi zokwelapha ngokuqeqeshwa kobuchopho zibalulekile.
- Qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa ngalokhu nochwepheshe wezindlebe, ikhala, nomphimbo (ENT Surgeon) kanye nethimba lakhe ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lokhu kulungile yini kuwe noma enganeni yakho.
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